Chapter 6organization in Achitecture

Surigao State College of TechnologySurigao City

Reported by:

Mitch jica U. Javier

Apple kate A. Molina

Gleanylou P. sobrado

Joe mark P. valenzuel

Bernie- Cell V. Faller Jr.

SY: 2015-2016

Architecture is define as the art and science of designing and erecting buildings.If we will look around us today, we would notice a wide variety of styles of architecture. Such variety has always existed.

ARCHITECTURE

The modern houses and buildings contrast with building and dwellings of only one generation ago. A building, whatever it may be, must be measured by the standards of its own period rather than ours we shall take a look at various types of buildings as they have evolved through history.

(4000-2280 B.C.E.)

The Egyptian architecture which dates back 4,000 to 2,280 B.C. is characterized by enormous pyramidal structures.Art in Ancient Egypt continued strangely unchanged through the various phases of foreign influence from the Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome.

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

The religious rites of the Egyptians were traditional, virtually unchangeable, and mysterious, and these trials are reproduced in the architecture, both of tombs and temples.Egyptian monumental architecture, which is essentially a columnar and trabeated style, is expressed mainly in pyramids and in temples.

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Ancient structures of egypt

MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE (6th century B.C.E.)

Mesopotamian Architecture is evident in its palaces and temples. The Mesopotamian architecture is characterized by a brisk tower called “ziggurat” built at successive level having the form of a pyramid.

MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE

Because of the use of brick, however , Assyrians developed the arch and its multiple, the canopy. In Mesopotamia ,Ziggurat, the temple of Babylon, built by Nebuchadnezzar (6th century B.C.E), the stones were colored white black, blue, yellow, silver, and gold from bottom to top. The effect may have been Garish, but at the base, it was striking.

MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE

Ziggurat

Tower of babel

(1100-100 B.C.E.)

As was the Egyptian temple, Greek architecture in its most characteristics form is found in the temple, a low building of post-and-lintel construction . In this type of construction, two upright pieces or posts are surmounted by a horizontal piece, the lintel, long enough to reach from one to the other.

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

This is the simplest and earliest types of construction, and is more commonly used than other. Post-and-lintel construction is well adapted to wood because wooden beams are strong and are able to uphold the weight of a roof; at the same time they are long, so that a large building may be erected.

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

THE DORIC VIEW

Temple Of Apollo

TEMPLE OF APOLLO

Parthenon

2. Ionic Columnis taller and more slender than the Doricit has a base, the capital is ornamented with scrolls on each side.unlike in the Doric order, the freeze is continuous instead of being divided.the architecture below the freeze is stepped; that is , it is divided horizontally into three parts, each being slightly

Three types of Greek Architecture

One of the things the Romans are most famous for is their architecture. The Romans brought a lot of new ideas to architecture, of which the three most important are the:

o ARCH

Roman Architecture

o BRICKS

o THE CEMENT AND CONCRETE

ROMAN COLISSEUM

ROMAN AQUA-DUCT

Arch Triumph Paris

ROMAN PANTHEON

Building style of Constantinople (now Istanbul, formerly ancient Byzantium) The architecture of Constantinople extended throughout the Christian East and in some places, notably Russia, remained in use after the fall of Constantinople - Byzantine architecture style is group of small domes or semi domes round the central dome.

BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE

HAGIA-SOPIA

SAINT SAVA CATHEDRAL

Alexander Nevski Cathedral

WESTERN ARCHITECTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES

The western styles follow the

general type of the Roman Basilica

, a long rectangular building.

In early churches, the building was one simple rectangle with an Apse.

KEDLESTON HALL

The early Christian Basilica has grown in part from the Roman house where the earliest Christian met for worship, and in part from pagan basilicas. Early Christian style is structurally light, with a simple lightweight, flat wooden roof. The interiors of early Christian churches were often decorated with mosaic as in S. Apollinare.

Early Christian Architecture (C.E 400-700)

Example: Santa Sabina, Rome, interior.

Romanesque architecture is an extension and development of the Early Christian Basilica exemplified by S.Apollinare in Classe. Examples are Notre Dame La Grande at Portiers(Exterior) and the abbayeaux-Dames(Interior).

Romanesque Architecture(11th & 12th Centuries)

Exterior Interior

Notre Dame La Grande at Portiers abbayeaux-Dames

In Romanesque cathedral, several small windows were combined in a compound arch; in the Gothic, this process was continued until the arches appeared only as stone tracery.

Gothic Architecture;

Façade of Reims Cathedral, France

Overview of Reims Cathedral from north-east

The Gothic style in architecture is known primary for its cathedrals and churches.

Romanesque ChurchesMany parish churches across Europe, such as this in Vestre Slidre, Norway, are of Romanesque foundation

Collegiate churches such as that of Saint Hadelin, Celles, Belgium, were administered by lay canons.

The Romanesque Sénanque Abbey church and surrounding monastic buildings, Gordes,Provence, France

Renaissance Architecture (15th and 16th Centuries)

In Renaissance architecture, the cathedral or temple is no longer the typical building; secular architecture comes to the fore, as in Roman times. Although Renaissance architecture is a return to the ideals of the Greeks and Romans. Example of Renaissance architecture (St. Peter’s Basilica).

The Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome

Examples:

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE (1600-1750)

THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

• 19th-century Architecture was is known as a period of eclecticism. Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom on the part of the architect or client to choose among the styles of the past that seems to him most appropriate. In a sense, the renaissance was eclectic in its attempted revival of roman forms.

THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

Beginning in about 1890, eclecticism changed its flavor. Increasing wealth, greater speed of travel that made it easier to visit europe, and the spread of photography familiarized architects and the public alike with historic architecture as never before modern eclecticism was not only pure in style; it understood something of the flavor of the past as well as its forms.

THE 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

modern ARCHITECTURE • Is an attempt to interpret one’s purpose

through building in a style independent of fix symmetries. New materials came to be utilized – prestressed steel in tension, high-pressure concrete, glass block, wood, metal, chromium, plastics, copper, cork, steel, real and artificial stone, all varieties of synthetics and compressed materials and the versatile plywood.

The Modern house was most typically a post-and-beam structure with a flat or broad low-pitched gable or shed roof. Exposed structure, an expressive use of modern materials, and the incorporation of landscaped areas, sometimes inside the house, were the main contributing elements to the architectural character

What is the concept of modern house?

Modern ARCHITECTURE

Philippine Architecture

R E P ORT E D B Y: GL E ANYL OU P. S OMB R ADO

B SI T- 3 A

SY: 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6

Surigao State College of TechnologySurigao City

Intramuros (walled city)The original city of manila

Within the protective walls rose a city of stone churches, monasteries, convents, schools, and fine courtyard houses.

University of Santo Tomas

The largest and the oldest university in the Philippines. Founded on April 28, 1611 by Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila. Renaissance Revival architecture

St. Augustine Church

Material: Stone , designed by Juan Macías and completed on January 19, 1607 baroque style architecture

Manila CathedralConsidered to be the Mother of all Churches and Cathedrals in the Philippines

Established in 1571 by father Juan de Vivero

Style: Neo-Romansque

Material: Stones

San Sebastian Church

A Made of steel church designed by architect Genero Palacious and Completed in 1891. The San Sebastian Church has been recognized by UNESCO as the only all-steel church or basilica in Asia..

Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte

Built in 1710. Paoay Church was designed based on an “earthquake baroque style architecture” to protect churches from being destructed during the earthquake.

Buttresses The most striking feature of Paoay Church is the 24 huge buttresses

Style: Earthquake Baroque

Morong Church in RizalThe Morong facade and bell tower is one the most striking of all church facades in the Philippines and described as baroque architecture was completed in 1620.

Cultural Center of the Philippines

Was designed by Architect Leonardo Locsin

Established to preserve, develop and promote arts and culture in the Philippines.constructed in the mid-19th Century

The stairs of the cultural center of the Philippines.

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE

ARCHITECTURE

HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE

According to Architect Leonardo Locsin, Philippine Architecture is a result of various foreign influences.

Bahay Buko to Bahay na batu

Maranao HouseHouses designed for royalty. Built with much ornamentation and elaborate details.

Batanes house

Built solidly in all sides and covered with thick thatch roofing to withstand the typhoons that frequently affect the area.

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE

Tensuji TempleHideyoshi Toyotomi built the tensuji temple in kyoto to pray for his mother while she was seriously ill.

A Juto (longevity tower) A Juto is a Kind of mausoleum Constructed at tensuji in 1452 By Hideyoshi Toyotomi for his

mother

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