Chapter 6 Lesson 2Chapter 6 Lesson 2What are Vertebrates and What are Vertebrates and

Invertebrates? Invertebrates?

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Vertebrate: an animal with a backboneVertebrate: an animal with a backbone

Invertebrate: an animal without a Invertebrate: an animal without a backbonebackbone

Animals With A Backbone

What do a giraffe and snake have in common? What do a giraffe and snake have in common? How are they differentHow are they different At first, you might think there is nothing at all. At first, you might think there is nothing at all. However, both of these animals have a However, both of these animals have a

backbone. backbone. Snakes: cold-blooded, scales, lay eggsSnakes: cold-blooded, scales, lay eggs Giraffes: warm-blooded, fur, give birth to live Giraffes: warm-blooded, fur, give birth to live

young young

Vertebrates Vertebrates A giraffe has seven vertebrae in its neck. That’s as many as a human has. A giraffe’s neck is long because each of the vertebrae is large.

Some snakeshave as many as300 vertebrae.

Animals With A BackboneAnimals With A Backbone Scientists divide the animal kingdom into 2 large groups, Scientists divide the animal kingdom into 2 large groups,

based on a backbone. based on a backbone.

An animal with a backbone: An animal with a backbone: vertebratevertebrate

Scientists classify vertebrates into at least Scientists classify vertebrates into at least fivefive phyla. phyla.1.1. MammalsMammals2.2. BirdsBirds3.3. ReptilesReptiles4.4. AmphibiansAmphibians5.5. FishFish

Animals With a BackboneAnimals With a Backbone

Mammals:Mammals: have hair/produce milk for babies have hair/produce milk for babies

Birds:Birds: have feathers/keeps them warm/helps have feathers/keeps them warm/helps them flythem fly

Reptiles:Reptiles: have scaly skin/lay eggs on land have scaly skin/lay eggs on land

Amphibians:Amphibians: begin life in water/but when adults begin life in water/but when adults live on landlive on land

Fish:Fish: have scales/life whole life in water have scales/life whole life in water

Amphibians live on land, but return to water to lay eggs. Frogs and toads are amphibians.

Fish have gills that absorb oxygen absorbed water.

Like most mammals, this agouti has hair.

All birds have feathers, but not all birds can fly. This bird fluffs its feathers to stay warm.

Reptiles have scaly skin. Amphibians don’t.

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone

Vertebrates are the animals most familiar Vertebrates are the animals most familiar to us, but they are the smallest part of the to us, but they are the smallest part of the animal kingdom. animal kingdom.

Most species of animals are invertebrates.Most species of animals are invertebrates.

An invertebrate is an animal without a An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. backbone.

What does this graph tell you about how common vertebrates are?  

About three-fourths of all invertebrate species, including bees, are arthropods.

The jellyfish is an invertebrate. How are invertebrates different from vertebrates?

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone The simplest phyla of invertebrates include: sponges-the living kind, The simplest phyla of invertebrates include: sponges-the living kind,

jellyfish, anemones, and coral (live in oceans). jellyfish, anemones, and coral (live in oceans). Simple invertebrates including phyla of worms, live on land too. Simple invertebrates including phyla of worms, live on land too. Roundworms: plentiful in soil, can’t tell head from tailRoundworms: plentiful in soil, can’t tell head from tail Earthworms: have a head end and tail end/ bodies are divided into Earthworms: have a head end and tail end/ bodies are divided into

parts that look like ringsparts that look like rings

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone A more complex invertebrate phylum is A more complex invertebrate phylum is

the mollusks. the mollusks.

Mollusks include: soft-bodied animals Mollusks include: soft-bodied animals such as the octopus and the squid. such as the octopus and the squid.

Octopods are smart: they remember Octopods are smart: they remember things, solve problems, vision is as things, solve problems, vision is as good as humans. good as humans.

Some mollusks have shells.Some mollusks have shells. Example: snails, clams, oystersExample: snails, clams, oysters

The largest invertebrate –the giant The largest invertebrate –the giant squid-which is a mollusk. squid-which is a mollusk.

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone

Sea stars, sand dollars, Sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins belong to and sea urchins belong to a phylum of invertebrates a phylum of invertebrates called: echinoderms. called: echinoderms.

They have different They have different shapes and body parts in shapes and body parts in multiples of five. multiples of five.

They have hard spines.They have hard spines.

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone

The largest phylum of invertebrates The largest phylum of invertebrates is the arthropodsis the arthropods. .

Arthropods have jointed legs and two Arthropods have jointed legs and two or more body segments. (parts)or more body segments. (parts)

The joints/segments let them move The joints/segments let them move freely. freely.

All Arthropods have skeletons (on the All Arthropods have skeletons (on the outside of their body). outside of their body).

It is not made by bone, but made by It is not made by bone, but made by the skin. the skin.

To grow, an arthropod must shed its To grow, an arthropod must shed its skin. skin.

Scientists classify arthropods into Scientists classify arthropods into many classes: if you eat seafood you many classes: if you eat seafood you know one- crustaceans know one- crustaceans

Many crustaceans have claws and an Many crustaceans have claws and an antenna: lobsters, crab, and shrimp. antenna: lobsters, crab, and shrimp.

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone

The largest class of The largest class of arthropods is insectsarthropods is insects. .

Adult insects-such as Adult insects-such as beetles, mosquitoes, beetles, mosquitoes, butterflies, roaches, and butterflies, roaches, and bees have 6 legs.bees have 6 legs.

They have three body They have three body segments: head, thorax, segments: head, thorax, and abdomen. and abdomen.

The legs/wings are in The legs/wings are in pairs on the thorax.pairs on the thorax.

Animals Without A BackboneAnimals Without A Backbone

Spiders are arthropods, but aren’t insects.Spiders are arthropods, but aren’t insects. They are arachnids. They are arachnids. Most arachnids have eight legs. Most arachnids have eight legs. This class includes: ticks, mites, and This class includes: ticks, mites, and

scorpions. scorpions.

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Structure and FunctionStructure and Function

When classifying living organisms, When classifying living organisms, scientist look at structure and function.scientist look at structure and function.

Structure: Structure: form of a body part.form of a body part. Function: Function: what a structure does. what a structure does. Example: A wing is a structure. It’s Example: A wing is a structure. It’s

function is to fly. function is to fly.

Structure and FunctionStructure and Function

Living organisms that aren’t closely related Living organisms that aren’t closely related sometimes have body parts that perform sometimes have body parts that perform the same function. the same function.

However, the structures are different. However, the structures are different. Example: Grasshoppers and frogs both Example: Grasshoppers and frogs both

jump by using hind legs. Their legs are not jump by using hind legs. Their legs are not constructed the same way. Because constructed the same way. Because function can be misleading, scientists rely function can be misleading, scientists rely on structure when classifying. on structure when classifying.

Structure and FunctionStructure and Function Bird beaks are a perfect example of this. Bird beaks are a perfect example of this. Look at the birds: Look at the birds: All four have beaks that are specialized for the types of All four have beaks that are specialized for the types of

food they eat. Scientists have to look at structure for food they eat. Scientists have to look at structure for classifying each. classifying each.

Hummingbird: long thin beaks for nectarHummingbird: long thin beaks for nectar Toucan: large powerful beak for opening nutsToucan: large powerful beak for opening nuts Hawks: eat live prey, like mice (designed for tearing). Hawks: eat live prey, like mice (designed for tearing). Herons: are water birds, pointed beaks allow them to Herons: are water birds, pointed beaks allow them to

catch fish and other prey underwater. catch fish and other prey underwater.