Chapter 6- Lesson 1 Substances and Mixtures

• Copy notes on pg 22,24, 26

• Pg 198 Vocabulary and Tasty Pizza goes on notebook pg 21

• Essential Question for these notes is Describe the difference between atoms, elements, and compounds.

• 2 charts to copy into pg 23 and 25. Look for the directions on the slides.

Lesson 1-1• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up

space.

• Anything that does not have mass or volume is not matter.

What is matter?

Lesson 1-2• An atom is a small particle that is the building block

of matter.

• It is the many kinds of atoms and the ways they combine that form the different types of matter.

What is matter made of?

Lesson 1-3Scientists place matter into one of two groups—substances and mixtures.

Classifying Matter

Lesson 1-4• A substance is matter with a composition that is

always the same.

• A certain substance always contains the same kinds of atoms in the same combination.

What is a substance?

Lesson 1-4• An element is a substance

made of only one kind of atom.

• For example, the element gold is made of only gold atoms, and all gold atoms are alike.

• Sodium chloride (salt) is also a substance.

What is a substance? (cont.)

Lesson 1-4Element symbols have either one or two letters. Temporary symbols have three letters.

Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)

• A molecule is two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds and act as a unit.

• In some elements, the atoms are grouped into molecules.

Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)

• A compound is a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined in a specific combination.

• Because each compound is made of atoms in a specific combination, a compound is a substance.

Lesson 1-4What is a substance? (cont.)

• Many compounds exist as molecules, but some, such as table salt, do not.

• Sugar particles are molecules because they always travel together as a unit. Salt particles do not travel together as a unit.

Lesson 1-4• A chemical formula includes the symbols of each

element in the compound and small numbers, called subscripts, that show the ratio of the elements in the compound.

• Sometimes the same elements combine to form different compounds.

What is a substance? (cont.)

Lesson 1-4Example of Having same Elements- organized different ways to make different substances. Does not need to go in notes.

Lesson 1-5• A mixture is matter that can vary in composition.

• A mixture is made of two or more substances that are blended but are not chemically bonded.

What is a mixture?

Lesson 1-6• A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the

substances are not evenly mixed.

• A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed, but not bonded together.

Types of Mixtures

Lesson 1-6• A solution is another name for a homogeneous

mixture and is made of two parts—a solvent and one or more solutes.

• The solvent is the substance that is present in the largest amount, and the solutes dissolve, or break apart, and mix evenly in the solvent.

Types of Mixtures (cont.)

Lesson 1-6• Compounds and solutions are alike in that they

both look like pure substances.

• The atoms that make up a given compound are bonded together, which means the composition of a given compound is always the same.

Compounds v. Mixtures

Lesson 1-6• The substances that make up a mixture are not

bonded together.

• Adding more of one substance to a mixture does not change the identity of the mixture.

Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)

Lesson 1-6Copy into Notebook pg 23

Lesson 1-6• The substances that make up a mixture are not

chemically combined.

• The substances that make up a mixture can easily be separated by physical processes.

• The elements that make up a compound can be separated only by chemical processes.

Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)

Lesson 1-6To separate a heterogeneous mixture, you use differences in the physical properties of the parts.

Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Stephen Frisch, photographer

Lesson 1-6You can separate some homogeneous mixtures by boiling or evaporation.

Compounds v. Mixtures (cont.)

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Stephen Frisch, photographer

Lesson 1-6• Matter can be classified as either a substance or a

mixture.

• Matter is classified according to the types of atoms and the arrangement of atoms in matter.

Visualizing Classification of Matter

Lesson 1-6Copy into notebook pg 25- important to know and study!