Copyright © 2002 Delmar Thomson Learning Chapter 12 Basic Relay Instructions.
Chapter 6 Groups and Teams. Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2...
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Groups and Teams. Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2...
Copyright © 2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2
Purpose and Overview
• Purpose– To understand effective management through
motivation, leadership, and conflict management
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Purpose and Overview
• Overview– The Importance of Groups and Teams in
Health Services Organizations – Understanding and Improving Team
Performance
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Purpose and Overview
• Overview– Team Processes – Team Characteristics – Nature of the Task – The Environmental Context
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The Importance of Groups and Teams
• Types of Groups • Two or more persons interacting to
influence each other
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The Importance of Groups and Teams
• Types of Groups– Informal – Formal
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The Importance of Groups and Teams
• Types of Teams– Interdependent – Share responsibility for outcomes– Intact social entity embedded in larger social
systems – Manage relationships across organizational
boundaries– Formal group
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The Importance of Groups and Teams
• Types of Teams– Work Teams– Parallel Teams– Project Teams – Management Teams
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Understanding and Improving Team Performance
• Effective Teams – Drive to improve – Mechanisms to facilitate improvement– Flexible and adaptive – Improves their performance
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Understanding and Improving Team Performance
• A Model of Team Effectiveness
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Team Processes
• Leadership – Ability to influence others toward achieving
team's goals
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Team Processes
• Communication Network and Patterns: – A team cannot function effectively unless
members can share information • Ambassador activities • Task-coordinator activities • Scout activities
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Team Processes
• Decision Making – Exchanging information and making decisions
is critical • Free-riding• Groupthink
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Team Processes
• Decision Making– Groupthink Symptoms:
• Illusion of invulnerability• Collective rationalization• Belief in inherent morality of the team• Stereotyping others
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Team Processes
• Decision Making– Groupthink Symptoms:
• Pressures to conform• Use of mind guards• Self-censorship• Illusion of unanimity
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Team Processes
• Learning– Team's ability to learn is essential to
effectiveness – Process enabled by climate of psychological
safety
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Team Processes
• Stages of Team Development – Forming– Storming– Norming– Performing– Adjourning
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Team Processes
• Team Process as an Intermediary– Team processes can be improved by team
members and leaders
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Team Characteristics
• Every team influences and determines members’ interaction with each other
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Team Characteristics
• Team Composition and Size Dimensions– Age and gender– Occupation– Tenure– Abilities– Personality– Nationality, Race, Ethnicity or Culture
– Experience
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Team Characteristics
• Team Composition and Size– Affects team process and effectiveness
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Team Characteristics
• Status Differences– Worth conferred on individual by group– Motivates people– Provides means of identification– Stabilizing force
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Team Characteristics
• Psychological Safety– Individuals’ perceptions about consequences
of risks – “If I make a mistake…won’t be penalized” – Confidence to experiment– Confidence to discuss mistakes and problems– Confidence to ask others for help
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Team Characteristics
• Team Norms– Standard to regulate member behavior
• Behavior norms • Performance norms
– Powerful influence – Necessary for effective group functioning – Group members socialize other members
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Team Characteristics
• Team Cohesiveness– Attraction to other members– Motivated to stay – Committed to group task
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Team Characteristics
• Highly Cohesive – May have higher performance– Improved satisfaction– Lower levels of turnover
• Conflict – May be beneficial to group performance
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Nature of the Task
• Group Behaviors Critical to Success – Individual effort– Collaboration – Interdependent effort
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Nature of the Task
• Team Goals– Categorized according to goal clarity,
complexity, and diversity• Predictable, understandable • Ambiguous or ill-structured goals• Task Complexity
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Nature of the Task
• Task Interdependence– Degree to which team members rely on one
another – Interdependence increases uncertainty
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Nature of the Task
• Task Interdependence– Pooled – Sequential – Reciprocal – Team
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Environmental Context
• Effects of External Pressures – Organizational factors– Factors in external environment
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Environmental Context
• Intergroup Relationships and Conflict– Team effectiveness depends on ability to
interact with other teams in a positive and productive manner
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Environmental Context
• Conflict– Inevitable– Often emerges from factors related to
interdependence among work groups
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Environmental Context
• Common Causes of Conflict– Competition for limited resources– Ambiguity about teams’ respective task
responsibilities and roles– Emerges from factors related to
interdependence among work groups
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Environmental Context
• Conflict– Strategies to reduce intergroup conflict
• Intergroup training using team-building techniques
• Structuring relationships between teams• Examining interfaces between teams• Establishing self-contained teams
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Environmental Context
• Organizational Culture
• Top management’s goal
• Organizational reward system