CHAPTER 6CHAPTER 6

CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUESTISSUES

Important Figures and Important Figures and TablesTables

Page 68: Figure 6a.1Page 68: Figure 6a.1

Pages 70-73: Figure 6a.3Pages 70-73: Figure 6a.3

Page 74: Figure 6a.4 Page 74: Figure 6a.4

Pages 75-80: Figure 6a.5Pages 75-80: Figure 6a.5

Page 81: Figure 6a.6Page 81: Figure 6a.6

Pages 82-83: Figure 6a.7Pages 82-83: Figure 6a.7

Histology Atlas, pp 693: Plates 1-5Histology Atlas, pp 693: Plates 1-5

Histology Atlas on CDHistology Atlas on CD

Things to know for the Things to know for the quizzesquizzes

1.1.Know & identify (picture & microscope) Know & identify (picture & microscope) different types of tissues.different types of tissues.

2.2.Know descriptions, locations and Know descriptions, locations and functions for ALL tissues as described in functions for ALL tissues as described in the Lab Manual. Pick on location and the Lab Manual. Pick on location and one function to memorize for each one function to memorize for each tissue type.tissue type.

Histology: the study of tissuesHistology: the study of tissues

• • Groups of cells similar in structure; perform Groups of cells similar in structure; perform common or related functionscommon or related functions

• • Four Basic TypesFour Basic Types1.Epithelium1.Epithelium2.Connective2.Connective3.Muscle3.Muscle4.Nervous4.Nervous

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavitya body cavity

• FUNCTIONS:FUNCTIONS:1. Protection (eg. skin)1. Protection (eg. skin)2. Absorption (eg. digestive tract)2. Absorption (eg. digestive tract)3. Filtration 3. Filtration 4. Excretion4. Excretion5. Secretion5. Secretion

• • Covering and Lining EpitheliumCovering and Lining Epithelium– – outer layer of the skin, cavitiesouter layer of the skin, cavities

• • Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium––creates the glands of the bodycreates the glands of the body

Epithelial Tissue/EpitheliumEpithelial Tissue/Epithelium

(eg. (eg. kidney)kidney)

Epithelial glandsEpithelial glands

ExocrineExocrine

EndocrinEndocrinee

Epithelial Tissue/EpitheliumEpithelial Tissue/Epithelium

Characteristics:Characteristics:   

1.  Cellularity1.  Cellularity– – composed mostly of closed-packed cellscomposed mostly of closed-packed cells

2.2. Specialized contactsSpecialized contacts– – form continuous sheets (tight junctions, desmosomes)form continuous sheets (tight junctions, desmosomes)

3.   Polarity3.   Polarity– – Apical surface, basal surfaceApical surface, basal surface

4.   Connective tissue support4.   Connective tissue supportbasal lamina+ reticular lamina= basement membranebasal lamina+ reticular lamina= basement membrane

5.   Avascularity5.   Avascularity– – nerves, no blood vessels. nerves, no blood vessels. –– nourished by diffusionnourished by diffusion

6.   Regeneration  6.   Regeneration  – – high reproductive ratehigh reproductive rate

Classification of EpitheliaClassification of Epithelia

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.3 SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.3 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUESFOLLOVING TISSUES

Simple squamous Simple squamous epitheliumepithelium

Simple cuboidal Simple cuboidal epitheliumepithelium

SimpleSimple columnar columnar epitheliumepithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium

Stratified squamous Stratified squamous epitheliumepithelium

Stratified cuboidal Stratified cuboidal epitheliumepithelium

Stratified columnar Stratified columnar epitheliumepithelium

TransitionalTransitional epithelium epithelium

• • Found everywhere in the bodyFound everywhere in the body

• • Most widely distributed and abundant Most widely distributed and abundant

• • Classes:Classes:1. connective tissue proper1. connective tissue proper2. cartilage2. cartilage3. bone 3. bone 4. Blood4. Blood

• • Purpose:Purpose:1. Binding and support1. Binding and support2. Protection2. Protection3. Insulation3. Insulation

4. Transportation (blood)4. Transportation (blood)

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue

Characteristics:  Characteristics: 

1.  Common Origin1.  Common Origin––arise from arise from mesenchyme mesenchyme (embryonic tissue)(embryonic tissue)

2. Degree of vascularity2. Degree of vascularity––wide range of blood supplywide range of blood supply

•• cartilage (avascular); cartilage (avascular); •• bone (well vascularized) bone (well vascularized)

3.  Composed of many cell types3.  Composed of many cell types4.  Extracellular matrix4.  Extracellular matrix

– – Mostly non-livingMostly non-living–– Separates living tissues of the cellsSeparates living tissues of the cells– – Able to bear weight, withstand stressesAble to bear weight, withstand stresses

1.Ground Substance-space between cells, contains 1.Ground Substance-space between cells, contains the fibersthe fibers

-- Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, -- Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans. GLUE.proteoglycans. GLUE.

2.Fibers -provide support to connective tissue2.Fibers -provide support to connective tissue-- Collagen -tough, high tensile strength-- Collagen -tough, high tensile strength-- Elastic -stretch and recoil-- Elastic -stretch and recoil-- Reticular -surround small blood vessels-- Reticular -surround small blood vessels

3. Cells-immature and mature types3. Cells-immature and mature types• • immature -uses the suffix “-blast”immature -uses the suffix “-blast”• • mature -uses suffix “-cyte”mature -uses suffix “-cyte”

Fibroblast: connective tissue properFibroblast: connective tissue properChondroblast: cartilageChondroblast: cartilageOsteoblast: boneOsteoblast: boneHematopoietic stem cell: bloodHematopoietic stem cell: blood

Structural ElementsStructural Elements

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.5 SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.5 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUESFOLLOVING TISSUES

MesenchymeMesenchyme

Connective tissue proper: Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Loose connective tissue,

AreolarAreolar

Connective tissue proper: Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Loose connective tissue,

AdiposeAdipose

Connective tissue proper: Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Loose connective tissue,

ReticularReticular

Connective tissue proper: Connective tissue proper: Dense connective tissue, Dense connective tissue,

RegularRegular

Connective tissue proper: Connective tissue proper: Dense connective tissue, Dense connective tissue,

IrregularIrregular

Cartilage: HyalineCartilage: Hyaline

Cartilage: ElasticCartilage: Elastic

Cartilage: FibrocartilageCartilage: Fibrocartilage

Osseous/BoneOsseous/Bone

BloodBlood

Other TissuesOther Tissues

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.6 SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.6 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUESFOLLOVING TISSUES

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.7 SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.7 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUESFOLLOVING TISSUES

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle