Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest...
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest...
![Page 1: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chemical CompoundsChemical Compounds
Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chemical CompoundsChemical Compounds
6-1 Ionic Bonding6-1 Ionic Bonding
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Stable Electron Configurations
• When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons, the atom is ___________ and not likely to react
• Chemical properties of an element depend on the number of _________ electrons
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Electron Dot Diagram• An ____________ is a model of an
atom in which each dot represents a _____________ electron
• The symbol is in the center represents the_________ and all the other electrons in the atom
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Electron Dot Diagrams Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
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Electron Dot DiagramsGroup 4
Group 5
Group 6
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Electron Dot DiagramsGroup 7
Group 8
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Ionic Bonds• Some elements achieve stable electron
configurations through the __________ of electrons between atoms.
• Ex Chlorine atom has________electron fewer than an argon atom
• Chlorine _________ a valence electron, it would have the same stable electron arrangement as _________
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Formations of Ions• When an atom ______ or _________an
electron, the number of protons is no longer _________ to the number of electrons.
• An atom that has a net________ or ________ electric charge is called an_______.
• The charge on an ion is represented by a ______ or__________ sign
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•Na:
•Cl:
•Na+1 sodium ion Cl-1 chloride ion [Ne] [Ar]
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Anion verses cation• An ion with a __________ charge is
an ________ Ex: Cl-1
• An ion with a_________ charge is a __________ Ex: Na+1
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Formation of Ionic Bonds
6-1 continued• When an anion and a cation are close
together, a chemical_________ forms• A __________ bond is the force that holds
atoms or ions together as a__________.• An _________ bond is the force that
holds cations and anions together• An ________ bond forms when electrons
are transferred from one atom to another
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Ionization energy• The amount of energy used to
remove an_____ is called_________energy
• Ionization energy tends to_______ from left to right________ a period.
• They tend to_______ going down a_________
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Ionic Compounds• A chemical ___________ is a notation
that shows what elements a compound contains and the_________ of the atoms or ions these elements in the compound.
• Ex: chemical formula =_________ (sodium chloride)
• Ex: MgCl2
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Crystal Lattices• Solids whose particles are
arranged in a lattice structure are called___________
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•Ionic bondingwithin a crystal lattice
•Covalent bondingforms a “molecule”
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Properties of Ionic Compounds
• The properties of an ionic compound can be explained by the__________ attractions among ions within a crystal ________.
• Have _________ melting points• Ions with same charges (- and -) or (+
and +) __________ each other• Ions with the opposite charges (+ and -)
_________ each other.
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6-2 Covalent Bonding• _________ bond is a chemical bond
in which two atoms_______ a pair of valence electrons
• When two atoms share one pair of electrons, the bond is called a _________ bond
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Molecular Models• Electron Dot diagram of H2
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Molecular Models• Structural formula of H2
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Molecular Models• Space-filling model of H2
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Molecular Models• Electron Cloud Model of H2
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Molecules of Elements• A _______ is a neutral group of atoms
that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds
• The __________ between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent bond
• Diatomic means ________atoms
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Lewis structure
Single bond: covalent bond producedby the sharing on ONE pair of electronsbetween 2 atoms
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Multiple Covalent Bonds
•DOUBLE BOND
–sharing of________ pairs of electrons between 2 atoms
•TRIPLE BOND
–sharing of __________ pairs of electrons between 2 atoms
• Bond Energies:
• triple > double > single
…..triple bonds are stronger and shorter
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Think Pair Share• You and your partner think of
situations that serve as analogies for ionic and covalent bonding.
![Page 27: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Draw the Lewis structure for carbon
tetrachloride• CCl4• Total # of valence electrons:
– C: 1 x 4 e- = _______ e- – Cl: 4 x 7 e- = _______ e-
• Total # = ______ e-
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or…..
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Practice• Draw the Lewis structure of IBr
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Beaker Breaker• Draw the Lewis structure showing
bonds for • HBr
• CH4
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6-2 Continued• A ____________bond in which electrons are not
shared equally is called a _______ covalent bond.
• _________ – opposite in character, nature, or direction
• When atoms form a polar covalent bond, the atom with the __________ attraction for electrons has a partial __________ charge. The other atom has a partial _________ charge.
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Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
• If a molecule has only______atoms, it will be _________
• When molecules have more than______atoms, the answer is not as obvious.
• The _______ of atoms in a molecule and its ________are factors that determine whether a molecule is_______ or ______
• See figure 12 page 168
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Attraction between Molecules
• Attractions between polar molecules are _______ than attractions between __________ molecules
• Ex: water verses methane (CH4)• Methane = ________• Water = _______• Boiling point of water is _______
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Practice• Complete Section 6-2 Review page
169 Questions 1-8
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6-3 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas
• Chemists use a system for naming compounds that is based on ________
• The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide and the chemical formula is ______
• ______ to_____ ratio of calcium ions to oxide ions in calcium oxide
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Describing Ionic Compounds
• The name of an_______ compound must distinguish the compound from other ionic compounds containing the _______ elements.
• The formula of an ionic compound describes the ______ of the ions in the compound
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Binary Ionic Compounds
• A compound made from only two elements is a _______ compound
• The names have a predictable pattern; the name of the________ followed by the name of the ______
• Name for the cation is the name of the_______ without any change
• Name of the anion used part of the name of the _________with the suffix “_______”
• Ex : NaCl = ____________
![Page 38: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Metals with Multiple Ions
• The alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum form ions with___________charges equal to the _______ number
• Ex: potassium = ______• : calcium = ______• : aluminum = _______
![Page 39: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Transition Metals• When a metals forms more than one ion,
the name of the ion contains a_______ numeral to indicate the ______ on the ion
• Example Copper(I)oxide = Cu+1O-2
• The formula balanced equals _____• Copper (II) oxide = Cu+2O-2
• The formula balanced equals _______
![Page 40: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Polyatomic Ions• What does the prefix “poly” mean?
• A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge and acts as a unit is a___________
• See figure 19 on page 173
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Practice• What are the names of these
binary ionic compounds:• LiCl • BaO
• Na3N
• PbSO4 use table on 173
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Practice • The charge on a chloride ion in
AlCl3 is?
• Write the formulas for the following compounds:
• Copper(I)chloride• Copper(II)chloride
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Homework/More Practice
• Name the following Binary compounds:
1. Na2S =
2. Li2O =
3. MgBr2 =
4. H2S =5. AlN =
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Homework/More Practice
• Name the following using the Roman Numeral system
1. SnO =2. TiO =3. TiCl3 =4. CuCl =5. NiBr2=
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6-3 continued Describing Molecular
Compounds• The name and formula of a
________ compound describes the ________ and ______ of atoms in a molecule of the compound
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Naming Molecular Compounds
• Consists of two _________ in a compound• The name of the________element is
changed to end in the suffix “ide”• You use Greek _______ to describe how
many atoms of each element there is present (see handout)
• Ex: carbon dioxide = ______ or can be named as ________________, mono is usually not used for the first element
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Writing Molecular Formulas
• Write the ________ for the elements in the order the elements appear in the name
• The _________ indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule
• Prefixes appear as __________ in the formulas.
• Ex: diphosphorus tetrafluoride = ________
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Molecular Compounds Practice
• Write the name of the following compounds:
• Cl2O = __________
• NO =____________
• S2F10 = ____________
• P2S3 = _____________
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More Molecular Compounds Practice
• Write the formula of the following:• Carbon tetrabromide =_________• Dinitrogen hexafluoride =________• Nitrogen Trichloride = _________• Phosphorus trihydride = _________
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Homework/More Practice
• Write the following name for the compound or write the correct formula
• CI4 = _________• N2F6 = ________• Carbon trioxide = __________• Carbon monoxide =___________
![Page 51: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Homework/More Practice
• P2O5 = ____________
• Nitrogen monoxide = __________
• CCl4 = ____________
• CBr3 = ___________
• Carbon tetraiodide = ___________
![Page 52: Chapter 6 Chemical Compounds 6-1 Ionic Bonding Stable Electron Configurations When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f335503460f94c4ffde/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
6-4 The Structure of Metals
• A________ bond is the attraction between a metal_______ and the shared ________ that surround it.
• The cation in a metal form a_______ that his held in place by the ________metallic bonds between the cations and the surrounding valence ___________
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Metallic bonding• Although the electrons are moving
amoung the atoms, the _________number of electrons does not change
• The overall metal is __________• Metallic bonds in some metals
are________ than in other• _________metals are weaker compared to
__________ metals
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Explaining Properties of Metals
• The _________ of electrons within a metal lattice explains some of the___________ of metals
• _________ and ability conduct an_________current are two properties
• An electric current can be carried through a metal by the flow of the shared _________
• ___________ – being able to be drawn into a thin wire is another property
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Review Questions• What holds metal ions together in
a metal lattice?
• What characteristic of a metallic bond explains some of the properties of metals?
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6-4 Continued Alloys• An _________ is a mixture of two or
more elements, at least one of which is a _______.
• Alloys have the characteristic__________ of metals
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Copper Alloys• _________ was the first important alloy and is
associated with the bronze era.• Bronze contains only _______ and _______,
which are relatively soft metals• Mixed together in bronze, the metals are
much _________ and ___________ than either metal alone.
• Scientists can design alloys with specific properties by varying the________ and_______ of elements in an alloy
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Steel Alloys• 1900’s was the Age of Steel because of
skyscrapers, automobiles, and ships were built from _________.
• Steel is an alloy of________ that contains small quantities of ______
• Stainless steels are durable because_________ forms an oxide that protects the steel from rusting
• _________ steel is more brittle than steels that contain more _______
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Other Alloys• Airplane parts are made of many
different________• _______aluminum is lighter than
most metals, it ______ and______ too easily
• _______ and __________ is added to make the material stronger
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Review Questions1. How can scientists design alloys
with specific properties?
2. Explain why the metallic bonds in some metals are stronger than the bonds in other metals