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Chapter 6 Settling a New World

+ 1585-1682

+Spanish and French Colonization

Lesson 1

+ Led a journey of hundreds of men, women, and children north along the Rio Grande. They traveled with about 83 creaking wagons and 10,000 animals.

The priests he traveled with were counting the Indian souls they would save?

What does this mean?

+They claimed the land near El Paso. They raised a cross and claimed the land for Spain. It would be called New Mexico.

+Yes, the Spanish thought it was their right to rule the land and all of its native people.

+Onate was helping to colonize land for Spain. What does colonization mean?

+Wealthy Spanish settlers were in charge of huge estates where they forced Indians to work while they searched for mines.

+Onate never found mines in New Mexico, but he found many Indian Pueblos that belonged to the Zumi and Hopi Indians.

+The Indians lived in peace before the Spanish settled

Lived in flat-roofed houses made of stone and plastered with dried mud

Tended crops of corn, beans, and squash in dry dessert climate

They grew cotton that they wove into cloth.

+Indians believed in spirits that they believed sent rain and good harvest.

But the Spanish had many priests who set up missions, churches, and schools to teach the Indians about the Roman Catholic Faith

+Indians did all the work!

They even paid taxes.

What are taxes?

They paid in the form of cotton shirts and wool blanketsMany Spanish grew rich off of selling these products

+French Traders in Canada

While Spanish explored the southern part of North America, the French were exploring the northern part of North America

+They hoped to find precious metals but instead found other riches.

+John Cabot- 1497- He reported seeing many fish. By the 1500’s many fleets were harvesting these fishing grounds. It was called the “Grand Banks”

+Many French fished in the Grand Banks. They would come ashore and the Indians wanted their axes, knives, and other metal goods. They offered beaver furs in exchange.

The Indians benefited from this exchange as well.

+The Dutch and the English wanted wanted a share of the fur trade.

The French realized they had to build settlements to claim the land. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, and asked the French to send farmers and families to build settlements. By 1660, 550 French lived in Quebec.

+English Settlement in the South

Lesson 2

+Algonquin- Atlantic Coast- Lived in peace.

Settlers by the late 1580’s wanted to trade with them to take their products back to England for money

+England knew the Indians helped Spain get rich from mining gold and silver. They hoped for the same.

+Richard Hakluyt was excited about English colonies in North America. He didn’t want France and Spain to rule the land.

He wrote books asking Protestant English settlers to move to North America.

+Colonists didn’t want to claim land for farming instead they just wanted to set up trading posts. Where Indians would bring items and trade for European products.

+Walter Raleigh organized a group to set up a colony in Roanoke. They were unsuccessful so they returned to England the following year.

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John White returned with more than 100 colonists in 1587. They built houses and traded with the Indians.

They ran out of supplies and had to go back to England for more.

War prevented them from returning right away.

When they did, the colony was gone. Nobody is sure why.

+With these previous failed attempts, they English arrive in Virginia. They named their new settlement Jamestown.

Investors put forth the money hoping to make a profit later.

But many investors died

+They wanted to repeat the process of the Spanish by getting gold and silver.

Algonquin Indians did not have gold and silver

Very few English to force Indians to work

Steal, buy, borrow from Indians only

+George Calvert “aka” Lord Baltimore

Another colony more successful than Jamestown

Was given land by King Charles I from England

The settlers were Catholic and wanted to leave because they were treated cruelly

They planted gardens to grow food

+England- St Lucia and Grenada- failed- Indians kicked them out.

In 1627- English started a colony on Barbados

Indians did not live here

Set up plantations for growing sugar cane and tobacco

+English Settlement in New England

Lesson 3

+Plymouth

To understand Plymouth, you need to understand King Henry VIII.

He broke off from the Catholic Church and started The Church of England

But everything remained the same as the Catholic ceremonies

People disliked that

The bible was more important they argued.

+They wanted to “purify” the church

Known as puritans

Some puritans formed separate churches so they were known as separatists.

Three separatists left England for the Netherlands

+Because they did not speak Dutch, they left the Netherlands.

They got permission to settle in Virginia

+The Mayflower left England in September of 1620.

It carried 100 workers and pilgrims

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Due to strong winds they ended off the coast of Cape Cod

Too tired and sick to travel farther

+Look for land closer

Not everyone was happy, so they signed the Mayflower Compact

Everyone will agree with the leaders’ decisions

They ended at Plymouth

+Difficult Winter

Spring was better

Wampanoag chief, Massasoit, visited the Pilgrims

The chief allowed Squanto, a Pawtuxet Indian, to live and help the Pilgrims

+Founding of Massachusetts BayCharles I became the king in 1625

Threatened to put all Puritans in prison

By 1630, many Puritans followed the Arbella to New England carrying 700 men, women, and children

They built settlements in Boston a and Cambridge

+English Settlement in the Middle Colonies

Lesson 4

+The Dutch formed a colony in New Amsterdam (what is known as New York) today. They were successful in business.

+King Charles II of England noticed the success and was eager to take the harbor away from the Dutch

He wanted it for the English

In 1664, he ordered his brother the Duke of York to take it over.

They eventually surrendered.

The new English governor, Richard Nicolls, named it New York after his brother

+The Quakers of Pennsylvania• Taught all people were created equal

• All should be treated with love and respect

• God could be found in each person, therefore there was no need for priests and services.

• Thought war was wrong

• Did not join the army or pay taxes

+William Penn- Best Known Quaker King Charles II owed

his dad a large sum of money and instead gave him land in Pennsylvania

Since he had to leave England for not attend the Church of England services, he went to the start a colony for English Quakers

+Relations with the IndiansPenn wanted to treat all Indians fairly by paying them for their land.

He worked a treaty with them.

After his death, many colonists came in and did not hold the same beliefs of treating the Indians fairly

+ The End