Chapter 6 – 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics What is a Volcano?
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Transcript of Chapter 6 – 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics What is a Volcano?
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Chapter 6 – 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
What is a Volcano?
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A volcano is a weak spot in the Earth’s crust where LESS DENSE molten material or magma comes to the surface.
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Magma at Earth’s surface is called LAVA.
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Location of Volcanoes“Ring of Fire”
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LOCATION OF VOLCANOESFormed by many volcanoes that rim the Pacific
Ocean. Not the only volcanic belt on Earth.
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AT DIVERGENT BOUNDARIRESMost volcanoes occur along divergent plate
boundaries, (Mid- Ocean Ridge, Iceland) where convection currents push landmasses apart.
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AT CONVERGENT BOUNDARIESVolcanoes are also found in subduction zones
(convergent boundaries) along the edges of oceans.
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HOT SPOT VOLCANOESHot spot volcanoes are areas of land or ocean where magma melts through Earth’s crust. Hawaiian Islands, Yellowstone NP
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6 – 3 Volcanic LandformsVolcanic Rock creates a variety of landforms from
lava and ash.
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SHIELD VOLCANOESThin layers of lava pour out and build up and up on
previous layers.
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CINDER CONE VOLCANOES Steep, cone shaped hill or mountain composed of
thick lava, cinders and ash .
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COMPOSITE VOLCANOESLava flows alternate with explosive eruptions forms tall cone shaped mountains of lava and
ash.
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LAVA PLATEAUSHigh level areas formed by thin, runny lava
flows.
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CALDERASThe huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic
mountain.
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SOILS FROM LAVA AND ASH
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LANDFORMS FROM MAGMA
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A Volcanic Neck forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and the softer surrounding rock wears
away.
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Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into a dike.
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Magma that squeezes between layers of rock forms a sill.
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A batholith is a mass of magma that cools inside the crust.
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A dome mountain forms when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock.