Chapter 5/Section 4

The Spread Of

Greek Culture

I. Greek Culture Spreads (pgs. 182 – 183)• Hellenistic cities became centers of learning and culture.

• Architecture boomed with new cities being founded and old ones being rebuilt.

• Greek sculptors filled cities with thousands of statues.

Literature and Theater• The Hellenistic Age produced a large body of literature, although

very little has survived.

• One that did survive was a epic poem called Argonautica by Appolonius (a*phu*loh*nee*uhs).

• Another poet, Theocritus (thee*ah*kruh*tuhs), wrote short stories about beauty and nature (pastoral poetry).

• One of the best known playwrights was Menander (muh*nan*duhr)

II. Philosophy (pg. 184)• The two most important philosophers during the Hellenistic Era

were Epicurus and Zeno.

EpicurusFounded EpicureanismTaught that happiness was the goal of life and should avoid politics and public service.

ZenoFounded StoicismTaught that happiness comes from following reason rather than emotions, and had a duty to serve their city.

Established the science of physics – figured out the value of pi (used to measure the area of circles)“Solid Geometry “ – study of spheres and cylindersExplained the lever and compound pulley

Archimedes

Established that Earth revolves around the sun

Figured out that Earth is roundMeasured Earth’s circumference within 185 miles of actual distance

Created a system to explain how planets and stars move

Greek Scientists/Mathematicians and Their Contributions

Known as the “Father of Medicine”First to write a medical code of good behavior

Expanded knowledge of mathematics and astronomy

First to establish the principles of geometryPythagorean Theorem – used to determine the length of the sides of a triangle

Greek mathematician who wrote about “plane geometry” that shows how points, lines, angles, and surfaces relate to one anotherWrote book, Elements

Aristarchus

Eratosthenes

Euclid

Hipparchus

Hippocrates

Hypatia

Pythagoras