Chapter 5-The Constitutional Convention

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    The Annapolis Meeting- 1786

    Failed because only 12representatives from 5 statesattended the meeting to discuss the

    regulation of trade and the slumpingeconomy Alexander Hamilton (NY) called upon

    Congress to initiate a convention

    one year later in PhiladelphiaNot just for a discussion on

    commerce, but bolster the Articles too

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    The Philadelphia Convention

    September 1787

    55 representatives from 12 states

    Independent minded reps from Rhode Island

    (Rogues Island) did not attend

    Purpose- to repair the Articles ofConfederation

    Obstacle- each states sovereign right togovern themselves

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    The Philadelphia Convention Delegates hoped to

    Create a stable political structure that wouldendure A strong central government with genuine power

    Establish controlling tariffs

    Preserve the Union

    Forestall anarchy

    Ensure security of life and property against the

    dangerous uprisings by the mobocracy Curb the unrestrained democracy rampant in the

    various states

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    Shays Rebellion- 1786 to 1787

    Shays Rebellion (1786-87)

    Continental soldier who returned home to payhis mortgage with Continental Dollars which

    were not accepted by the bank and thus wasfound in default of his loan and his land wasthreatened to be repossessed

    Shays took up arms and led a revolt of

    Massachusetts farmersMany were fined, imprisoned, or executed

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    Reaction to Shays Rebellion

    George Washington

    We have, probably, had too good an opinion ofhuman nature in forming our confederation

    Thomas Jefferson

    What country before ever existed a century and ahalf without a rebellion?...The tree of liberty mustbe refreshed from time to time with the blood ofpatriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure

    James Madison Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of

    liberty as well as the abuses of power

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    The Philadelphia Convention

    Supporters of a national or federal government(aka- Federal Republic) A national form of representative government in

    which the people from each state elect theirofficials, but maintain their state governments

    Alexander Hamilton (NY) Advocated a super-powerful central government

    James Madison (VA) Contributions to the Constitution were so notable that he

    was dubbed The Father of the Constitution

    Gouverneur Morris (PA) Spoke more frequently than any other member of the

    convention and served as the principal draftsman of theConstitution

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    The Philadelphia Convention

    Major Issue- question of representation inCongress

    Virginia Plan (Large States Plan)

    Representation would be based upon the sizeof the population of a state

    Strong federal government with threebranches (executive, legislative, and judicial)

    that would check and balance each other They would have separate but equal power

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    The Philadelphia Convention

    New Jersey Plan (Small States Plan)

    Representation would be equal among thestates

    Weak federal government with more powerfulstate governments (Confederacy)

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    The Connecticut Compromise

    (aka- The Great Compromise)

    Adoption of a three-branch government Executive Branch to enforce the law

    President and his cabinet

    Legislative Branch to make the law Congress (a bicameral (two-house) legislature)

    Upper House- Senate

    Equal representation for each state

    Lower House- House of Representatives

    Representation based upon the size of thepopulation of the state

    Judicial Branch to interpret the law The Supreme Court and lower Federal courts

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    Changes to The Constitution

    Allowed for easier changes or amendmentswithout having to throw it all out and startover (such as the Articles of Confederation)

    Amendments to the Constitution must pass 2/3rdsof Congress and 3/4ths of the state governments

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    The Constitution

    Creation of the Electoral College

    The executive (president) would be elected by thisbody instead of popularly Fear was that the largely populated states would

    determine the presidency every time A states share of electors was based upon the

    total of its senators and reps in Congress

    If no majority was arrived at, the election would be

    thrown into the House of Representatives Each state would then have one vote to determine the

    presidency (only happened in 1800 and 1824)

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    The Constitution

    The 3/5ths Compromise Southern states wanted slaves counted as

    population of the stateWould give them greater representation in the

    House of Representatives

    Northern states agreed to allow 3 out of every5 slaves to be counted as population

    Compromise included that they would be

    counted for tax purposes also

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    The Constitution

    The Slave Trade and Commerce Compromise

    Federal government was granted the power toregulate trade and commerce

    Southern states demanded that the slavetrade could not be prohibited for twenty years(1807)

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    Preservation of Conservatism

    The convention was unanimous in believingthat government by democratic babblers

    was something to be feared and fought

    So they purposely established safeguardsagainst the excesses of the mob

    Federal judges were given life appointments

    Senators were to be appointed (indirectly elected)

    by state legislatures The president was to be chosen (indirectly

    elected) by the Electoral College

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    New Powers of theFederal Government

    Taxation

    Control of Americas International

    Commerce

    Declarations of War

    Raise an Army and a Navy

    Conduct Foreign Relations


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Aka The Philadelphia Convention Constitutional Convention.

chapter 1 The Constitutional Convention T distribute · 2015-09-24 · chapter 1. The Constitutional Convention. T. he Constitutional Convention of 1787 was, as Connecticut governor

chapter 1 The Constitutional Convention T distribute · 2015-09-24 · chapter 1. The Constitutional Convention. T. he Constitutional Convention of 1787 was, as Connecticut governor

Chapter 5 Section 2: The Constitutional Convention.

Chapter 5 Section 2: The Constitutional Convention.

Constitutional Convention Unit Notes€¦ · Constitutional Convention Unit Notes. Civics Textbook: “Government and Society ... Constitutional Convention-After the Annapolis Convention,

Constitutional Convention Unit Notes€¦ · Constitutional Convention Unit Notes. Civics Textbook: “Government and Society ... Constitutional Convention-After the Annapolis Convention,

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The Constitutional Convention Chapter 5-1 Civics September 27, 2010.

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The Constitutional Convention: Chapter 5.1. Essential Questions: What was the Constitutional Convention? What was determined to be essential for our.

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The Constitutional Convention

14 constitutional convention

14 constitutional convention

Chapter 7 Section 2 The Constitutional Convention Objectives Describe the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention. Identify the specifics of the Virginia.

Chapter 7 Section 2 The Constitutional Convention Objectives Describe the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention. Identify the specifics of the Virginia.

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Constitutional Convention:

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Constitutional Convention - Slavery