Chapter 5- The Age of ExplorationWHAT FACTORS MIGHT MOTIVATE A SOCIETY TO VENTURE INTO UNKNOWN REGIONS BEYOND ITS BORDERS?

The Formula for Discovery

With a partner complete the following equation on a post-it note. Think about the contributing factors that lead to exploration

The Formula for Discovery

Defining the Desire Through Media After watching the video jot down a few answers to these questions.

What is the DESIRE of this company?

What are the means that they have to see this desire come true?

What is their motivation?

Applying the Formula to LifeThe Desire:What is one goal you desire to accomplish?

The Means:

What do you need to accomplish this goal?

The Motivation:

Why are you motivated to complete this goal?

Explorer connection:

How is your desire similar to the mindset of an explorer?

Applying the Formula to LifeThe Desire:I desire to be a world leader in developing engaged global citizens through fostering emotional intelligence.

The Means:

Time: 3 years 2 years research and preparation 1 year launch The team: Curriculum consultant, speech writer, online editor, website designer/developer.Equipment and gear: cameras, software, and editing computersPlatform: Social media campaign 1500 person engaged following. first year with 5% return as paying customers. Capital: $70,000

The Motivation:

I am motivated to complete this because I've seen how developing an emotional connection to a person, place or community can fundamentally change how an individual sees and interacts with the world.

The Desire

Obtain Wealth

Expand Religion

WAS

The Desire To Explore- Keys to success

What enabled Europeans to explore and expand their empire?

1. The Proper Mindset

They have the right mindset because In spite of potential danger European explorers still were adventurous and curious. Like humanists the believed in the potential of human beings.

2. The Support of Leaders

Like many other explorers Columbus had the support of a Monarch even though there was no guarantee that they would be successful.

Exploring to Expand TradeDuring the Renaissance, trade grew across Europe as people with money demanded luxury goods. Commerce and manufacturing also expanded as merchants, bankers, and manufacturers invested their profits in new business ventures. The economic worldview of the time encouraged growth and expansion.

High Cost of GoodsSpices were expensive because they were moved over great distances and passed through so many hands on their way to European consumers.

The Italian merchants brought the spices to Venice, where were sold to traders across Europe. Every step of the way, the price of the spices went up 100, 1000, or even 2000 times their original price. Europeans resented the high prices that they were forced to pay. They also began to wonder how they could get involved in this valuable trade.

Problems with TradeHigh prices for luxury goods were one problem with trade. Another problem was the security of the trade routes. Over the centuries, trade had been affected by conflicts and power shifts among the peoples of the East.

Conflicts and their effect on trade.

The collapse of the Mongol Empire in 1405 resulting in the trade route to China no longer being secure. Additionally, the conquest of Christian Constantinople by the Muslin Turks in 1453 resulting in trade between Europe and the East being threatened.

The Solution

Europeans believed that a sea route to the East was the solution to their trade problems. A sea route would give them control over their supply of goods. And they hoped to get rich by bringing in spices and other trade goods to sell on the European market.

Desire – Expanding the Gold SupplyThe trading economy of Europe depended on the exchange of goods and resources for money. Only coins were used and gold coins were more valuable than silver.

The Problem!

European mines were running out of gold and silver. Europeans needed to find new sources of these precious metals so that their economy could continue to grow.

Desire – Expanding ChristianityAn element of this worldview that became very important during the Age of Exploration was the belief in spreading Christianity.

Renaissance explorers and the monarchs who sponsored their voyages believed they were completing their duty by bringing Christianity to the people in the lands they visited.

ARE YOU A NAVIGATION EXPERT?

Expanding Knowledge and TechnologyEven though the European explorers were open minded and curious they have very little knowledge of foreign places. It was the advances in navigational technology that were essential to the success of European explorers.

The word “navigate” is the science of determining course, position and distance traveled by a ship.

Who was Prince Henry?Prince Henry the Navigator was from Portugal and had a great interest in ships and navigation.

Just as wealthy Italians like the Medici supported artists, Prince Henry became a supported Portuguese explorers. He sponsored many voyages along the coast of Africa.

Henry also established a centre at Sagres where cartographers, mathematicians, astronomers, sailors, and navigators from all over Europe gathered to share their knowledge. They improved navigational instruments and created maps based on the information brought back by Portuguese explorers. They also created mathematical tables that helped sailors to determine their latitude, that is, their distance north or south of the Equator.

Advances In NavigationWith a partner and using the 4 samples on page 117 decided which two navigational devices you would take along with you and EXPLAIN WHY you chose these devices?.

European Expansionism – The MotivationExpansionism refers to the actions and attitudes of a state or country whose goal is to increase its power and territory.

Circumnavigating means to sail completely around the world.

During the age of exploration countries sent out explorers on voyages on countless voyages to achieve their expansionist goals.

Renaissance Europeans had both the motivation and the means to set off on voyages of exploration. In the space of 100 years they went from sailing the seas around Europe to circumnavigating the world. They were in competition with one another to establish trade routes for spices and other valuable goods.

Exploration Begins – Going EastMap is on page 120 of the textbook

Bartholmeu Dias took a different route to the east by going around the southern tip of Africa in order to find a route to the east.

Prince Henry’s Success

The Portuguese hired members of the local population as interpreters. In this way they were able to get reliable information about the areas they wanted to explore. The interpreters also helped to develop relationships with indigenous populations which often resulted in trade.

A Portuguese expedition led by Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa and across the Indian Ocean and landed in the city of Calicut. Da Gama returned to Portugal in triumph, bringing a cargo of precious spices. The sea route around Africa to the East had been established.

The Battle of DiuArab merchants saw the Portuguese as intruders into their trading territories and regularly attacked their ships. There was a decisive sea battle between a large fleet of Arab ships and a smaller group of Portuguese by the Indian port of Diu. The Portuguese won because of their advance canon weaponry. This established their military control over this area. They also set up colonies and forts all along southern Asia.

The result was Portugal becoming the most powerful trading country for a portion of the 1500’s.

Exploration Begins – Going WestWhile the Portuguese focused their attention on reaching Asia by going around Africa, Christopher Columbus was convinced that a shorter route lay west across the Atlantic Ocean. After sailing west for 33 days, Columbus’s expedition sighted land. In later years, he made three more voyages around the Caribbean looking for sources of gold and spices. He died bitter and poor after his fourth voyage in 1506. He was convinced to the end that he had reached Asia.

In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan sailed south along the coast of South America and on into the Pacific Ocean. Eventually, after a grueling four months, he landed in the Philippines.

The Formula For Exploration – Review Activity

The equation helps you to understand why the age of exploration was able to occur!To review the factors that contributed to the age of exploration complete the following tasks:

• Creatively redesign the words from the formula above.• Select 2 or 3 images to represent the DESIRES, MEANS and MOTIVATION of European

countries and explorers during this time period. • Write a paragraph that explains how each image represents the DESIRES, MEANS and

MOTIVATION of Europeans during the age of exploration.