Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes. I. Rule and order in Greek City-States.
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Transcript of Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes. I. Rule and order in Greek City-States.
![Page 1: Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes. I. Rule and order in Greek City-States.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56649eb65503460f94bbfb0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes
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I. Rule and order in Greek City-States
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A. Polis was the local city-state and
its surrounding farmland
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B. Acropolis was the fortified hilltop
in a city-state
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Acropolis at Athens
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Acropolis at Athens
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Parthanon at Athens
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C. Political structure
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1. In some city-states a king or
monarchy ruled
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2. Aristocracy was a government ruled
by a small group of nobles
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3. An oligarchy was a government ruled by a few powerful
people
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D. New kind of army developed
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1. Iron was more common than
bronze , cheaper more people could
affordit
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2. More people from different classes
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3. Foot soldiers called hoplites stood
side by side and formed the phalanx
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Greek Phalanx
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Todays Phalanx
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E. Tyrants Seize Power
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1. Gained control by appealing to the
poor and discontent
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II. Sparta Builds a Military State
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Acropolis at Sparta
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A. Sparta was located on the Peloponnesus
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B. Sparta conquered the Messinians
which were the local people around
Sparta
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1. The Messinians became known as Helots (farmers)
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2. The Messinians outnumbered the
Spartans
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3. Spartans developed a
Military State
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C. Sparta’s Government and
Society
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1. Two groups ruled Sparta
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a. An assembly composed of free adult males and elected officials
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b. Second group Council of Elders
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1. Five elected officials called
Ephors carried out the laws
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D. Spartan Education
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1. For Men
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a. Daily life centered around military training
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b. Age 7 boys left home for military
camps
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c. Rigorous training
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d. Intense discipline
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2. For Girls
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a. Service to Sparta above love of family
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b. Did not have right to vote
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c. Raise healthy babies
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3. Most powerful army in Greece
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a. Suppressed individual expression
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b. Did not value art
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c. Not much freedom
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III. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
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A. Athens located on the Hellas
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B. Democracy : a state ruled by the
people
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1. Direct Democracy is where people vote directly
for issues
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2. Representative Democracy is where people elect others
to rule for them also
called a republic
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C. Only free adult males could vote
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D. Athenians were in to art, philosophy , and the fine thing
of life
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E. Political Reformers
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1. 621 Draco records the first legal code for
Greece
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2. Solon outlaws debt slavery in 594
B.C.
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3. Solon also introduced the legal
concept that any citizen could bring
legal charges against wrongdoers
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4. Pisistratus in 546 provided funds for
farmers to buy back their farms from nobles
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5. Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.
reorganizes the assembly to break
up the power of the nobles.
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a. Creates the Council of Five
Hundred
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F. These political reforms kept Athenian
farmers from revolution and led to
Athens becoming a democracy
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IV. The Persian Wars
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A. Began at the city of Miletus on the Ionian peninsula
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B. Darius I was the Persian king who
would lead his armies against the
Greeks
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C. In 490 B.C. Darius leads a fleet of 25,000
troops against the Greeks at the Battle of
Marathon
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1. The Greeks use the fighting
formation called a phalanx
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2. Pheidipppides races back to Athens 26.2 miles away to
summon the Spartans that are
there.
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3. The Greeks would win at the
Battle of Marathon
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D. In 480 B.C. Xerxes the son of Darius leads a
massive force some 75,000
Persians to the Battle of Thermopylae on the
northern Hellas against 7000 Greeks
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1. Some 300 Spartans fight to the death for
three days before 25,000 Persians
finally break through
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2. Now the Persians head towards
Athens
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3. The Athenians head to a nearby
island called Salamis
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E. The Battle of Salamis
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1. The Persians follow the Athenians towards the island and the Athenians sink about
one third of the remaining Persians
Army
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2. Some Persians land on the island but are quickly killed by the
Spartans who are there waiting
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3. Never again do the Persians come
back
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F. Consequences of the Persian Wars
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1. The Greeks no longer fight against the Persians, fight against each other
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2. The Athenians create the Delian
League on the island of Delos
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a. People of the Hellas and islands
off the Hellas
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3. The Spartans create the
Peloponnesian League as a defense against the Delian
League