Extra Practice

Chapter 5

Topics Include:

Direct & Partial Variation

Slope

Slope as a Rate of Change

First Differences

5.1 - Practice: Direct Variation

1. Find the constant of variation for each

direct variation. a) The cost for a long-distance telephone

call varies directly with time. A 12-min phone call cost $0.96.

b) The total mass of magazines varies directly with the number of magazines. The mass of 8 magazines is 3.6 kg.

c) The distance travelled varies directly with time. In 3 h, Alex drove 195 km.

2. The cost, C, in dollars, of wood required

to frame a sandbox varies directly with the perimeter, P, in metres, of the sandbox. a) A sandbox has perimeter 9 m. The

wood cost $20.70. Find the constant of variation for this relationship. What does this represent?

b) Write an equation relating C and P. c) Use the equation to find the cost of

wood for a sandbox with perimeter 15 m.

3. The cost, C, in dollars, to park in a

downtown parking lot varies directly with the time, t, in hours. The table shows the cost for different times.

t (h) C ($) 0 0

0.5 1.50

1 3.00

1.5 4.50

2 6.00

2.5 7.50

a) Graph the data in the table. b) Write the constant of variation for this

relationship. What does it represent? c) Write an equation relating C and t.

4. The distance, d, in kilometres, Kim travels varies directly with the time, t, in hours, she drives. Kim is travelling at 80 km/h. a) Assign letters for variables. Make a

table of values to show the distance Kim travelled after 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h.

b) Graph the relationship. c) What is the constant of variation for

this relationship?

d) Write an equation in the form y = kx. 5. a) Describe a situation this graph could represent.

b) Write an equation for this relationship.

5.2 - Practice: Partial Variation

1. Identify each relation as a direct variation or a partial variation. a)

b)

c)

2. Identify each relation as a direct variation or a partial variation. a) y = 3x + 2 b) y = 2x

c) C = 0.65n d) h = 5t + 2 3. The relationship in the table is a partial

variation.

x y

0 3

1 4

2 5

3 6

4 7

a) Use the table to identify the initial value of y and the constant of variation.

b) Write an equation in the form y = mx + b.

c) Graph the relation. Describe the graph.

4. Latoya is a sales representative. She earns

a weekly salary of $240 plus 15% commission on her sales. a) Copy and complete the table of

values.

Sales ($) Earnings ($)

0

100

200

300

400

500

b) Identify the initial value and the constant of variation.

c) Write an equation relating Latoya’s earnings, E, and her sales, S.

d) Graph the relation.

5.3 - Practice: Slope

1. Find the slope of each object.

a)

b)

2. Find the slope of each line segment.

a)

b)

c)

d)

3. For safety, the slope of a staircase must be greater than 0.58 and less than 0.70. A staircase has a vertical rise of 2.4 m over a horizontal run of 3.5 m. a) Find the slope of the staircase. b) Is the staircase safe?

5.4 – Practice: Slope as a Rate of Change

1. At rest, Vicky takes 62 breaths every 5 min. What is Vicky’s rate of change of number of breaths?

2. When he is sleeping, Jeffrey’s heart beats

768 times in 12 min. What is his rate of change of number of heartbeats?

3. A racecar driver completed a 500-km

closed course in 2.8 h. What is the rate of change, or speed?

4. The graph shows the speed of the cars on

a roller coaster once the brakes are applied.

a) Find the slope of the graph. b) Interpret the slope as a rate of change.

5. a) Make a table relating the number of squares to the diagram number. Graph

the data in the table.

b) Find the slope of the graph. c) Interpret the slope as a rate of change.

5.5 - Practice: First Differences

1. Consider the relation y = 2x – 3. a) Make a table of values for x-values

from 0 to 5. b) Graph the relation. c) Classify the relation as linear or

non-linear. d) Add a third column to the table in

part a). Label the column “First Differences.” Find the differences between consecutive y-values and record them in this column.

2. Consider the relation y = 2

1x

2.

a) Make a table of values for x-values from 0 to 5.

b) Graph the relation. c) Classify the relation as linear or

non-linear. d) Find the differences between

consecutive y-values. Add a column to your table in part a) to record the first differences.

3. Refer to your answers to questions 1 and 2.

How can you use first differences to tell if a relation is linear or non-linear?

4. Copy and complete each table. State

whether each relation is linear or non-linear.

a)

x y First Differences

0 8

1 10

2 13

3 17

b)

x y First Differences 0 2

1 6

2 10

3 14

5. Copy and complete the table for each equation. Identify each relation as linear or non-linear.

x y First Differences

1

2

3

4

a) y = 2x b) y = –3x

c) y = x + 1 d) y = x2 + 1

6. Collect like terms. Then, simplify.

a) 4b + 3 – 2b + 1 b) 2p – 7 – p + 4 c) 1 + 3y + 4 + y d) 5 – x – 1 – 2x

e) 6a – 2b + 3b + 2a

f) 7r + 2 + 3r – r –1 g) 9s – 2s + 5t – 4s

h) –g – 3h + 5h + 2g – h

7. Simplify.

a) 4 + v + 5v – 10 b) 7a – 2b – a – 3b

c) 8k + 1 + 3k – 5k + 4 + k

d) 2x2 – 4x + 8x

2 + 5x

e) 12 – 4m2 – 8 – m2 + 2m

2 f) –6y + 4y + 10 – 2y – 6 – y

g) 5 + 3h + h – 4 + h + 6 + 2h

h) 4p2 + 2q

2 – p2 + 3p2 – 7q

2

8. Simplify.

a) 2a + 6b – 2 + b – 4 + a

b) 4x + 3xy + y + 5x – 2xy – 3y c) m

4 – m2 + 1 + 3 – 2m2 + m4

d) x2 + 3xy + 2y

2 – x2 + 2xy – y2

9. The length of a rectangle is 2 times the width of the rectangle. Let x represent the width of the rectangle.

a) Write an expression to represent the length of the rectangle.

b) Write a simplified expression for the perimeter of the rectangle.

c) Suppose the width is 6 cm. Find the perimeter of the rectangle.

5.6 - Practice: Connecting Variation, Slope, and First Differences

1. Look at this graph of a relation.

a) Calculate the slope. b) Determine the vertical intercept. c) Write an equation for the relation of

the form y = mx + b.

2. Look at this graph of a relation.

a) Calculate the slope. b) Determine the vertical intercept. c) Write an equation for the relation.

3. A relation is represented by the equation y = 3x – 5. a) Is this relation a direct variation or a

partial variation?

b) Identify the initial value of y. c) Identify the constant of variation. d) Make a table of values for x-values

from 0 to 4. e) Graph the relation.

4. The table represents a relation.

x y

0 –1

1 3

2 7

3 11

4 15

5 19

a) Use a graph to represent the relation. b) Use words to represent the relation. c) Identify the vertical intercept and the

slope. Write an equation to represent the relation.

5. A large cheese pizza costs $8.00, plus

$0.50 for each topping.

a) Make a table to represent the relation. b) Graph the relation. c) Write an equation to represent the

relation.

6. Represent this relation using words, with numbers, and with an equation.

Chapter 5 Review

5.1 Direct Variation, pages 238–245

1. a) Graph the data in the table.

x y

0 0

1 0.5

2 1.0

3 1.5

4 2.0

5 2.5

b) What is the constant of variation for this relationship?

c) Write an equation relating y and x.

2. Evan earns $7/h babysitting. The amount he earns, in dollars, varies directly with the time, in hours, he babysits.

a) Assign variables. Make a table of values showing Evan’s earnings for 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h.

b) Graph the relationship. c) Identify the constant of variation.

What does this represent? d) Write an equation in the form y = kx.

5.2 Partial Variation, pages 246–253

3. Classify each relation as a direct variation, a partial variation, or neither. Explain.

a) d = 45t b) y = 2x2 + 3

c) y = 2x + 3 d) d = 45t + 12

4. The relationship between the variables in the table is a partial variation.

x y

0 1

1 6

2 11

3 16

4 21

5 26

a) Identify the initial value of y and the constant of variation.

b) Write an equation in the form y = mx + b.

c) Graph the relation. Describe the graph. 5. The owner of a small business is having

brochures printed. The design cost is $1500. Printing costs $0.08 per brochure. The relationship between cost and the number of brochures is a partial variation. a) Identify the fixed cost and the variable

cost. b) Write an equation for this relationship. c) What is the total cost for 800 brochures?

5.3 Slope, pages 254–263 6. Find the slope of each line segment.

a)

b)

7. Calculate the slope of each line segment.

a) EF b) GH c) JK

8. One endpoint of line segment AB is

A(3, 4). The slope of this line segment

is 3

2. Find possible coordinates for B.

5.4 Slope as a Rate of Change, pages 264–271 9. It took 8 min to fill a 52-L bucket.

a) What is the rate of change of the volume of water?

b) Graph the volume of water in the bucket over time.

10. Tom and Ana ran a race. The graph shows

the distance each person ran in 10 s.

Who ran faster? How much faster?

5.5 First Differences, pages 271–278 11. Use first differences. Is each relation

linear or non-linear? a) b)

x y x y

0 –1 0 0

1 2 1 –2

2 5 2 –4

3 8 3 –6

4 11 4 –8

5 14 5 –10

12. a) Make a table comparing the side

length of a square to its perimeter for side lengths 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

b) Is the relationship between side length and perimeter linear or non-linear?

5.6 Connecting Variation, Slope, and First Differences, pages 279–287

13. Represent the relation y = x + 2 using

numbers, a graph, and words.

Chapter 5 Practice Test

Multiple Choice

For each question, select the best answer.

1. Which relation is a partial variation?

A y = 25x B y = 2x

C y = 5x2 D y = 2x – 5

2. Sophie’s earnings vary directly with the number of hours she works. She earned $25 in 4 h. What is the constant of variation?

A 0.16 B 6.25

C 100 D 21

3. What is the slope of this staircase?

A 6 B 2

3

C 2 D 3

2

4. Which equation represents this relation?

x y

0 –1

1 –3

2 –5

3 –7

4 –9

A y = –x – 2 B y = 2x – 1

C y = –2x – 1 D y = 2x + 1

5. The cost to cater a party is $200 plus $15 for each guest. Which equation represents this relation?

A C = 15n + 200 B C = 15n – 200

C C = 200n + 15 D C = 200n – 15

Short Response 6. a) Calculate the slope.

b) Find the vertical intercept. c) Write an equation for the relation.

7. The distance travelled varies directly with

time. Anthony ran 49.6 m in 8 s. a) Write an equation for this relationship. b) Graph the relation.

8. Is this relation linear or non-linear? How

can you tell without graphing?

x y

4 8.4

8 16.8

12 25.2

16 33.6

9. The cost to install wood trim is $50, plus

$6/m of trim installed.

a) Write an equation for this relationship. b) 18 m of trim were installed. What was

the total cost?

Extend

Show all your work.

10. This graph shows the relationship between the cost of a taxi trip and the length of the trip.

a) Calculate the rate of change of cost. How does the rate of change relate to the graph? b) Write an equation for the relationship. c) Suppose the flat fee changed to $3.00. How would the equation change? How would the

graph change?

Chapter 5 Test

Multiple Choice

For each question, select the best answer.

1. Which relation is a direct variation?

A y = 5x B y = 2x

C y = 5x2 D y = 5x – 2

2. The cost of tea varies directly with the mass. Liz bought 4.5 kg of tea for $10.35. What is the constant of variation?

A 0.43 B 14.85

C 5.85 D 2.30

3. What is the slope of this ramp?

A 2 B 9

2

C 18 D 2

9

4. Which equation represents this relation?

x y

0 4

1 1

2 –2

3 –5

4 –8

A y = –3x + 4 B y = 4x – 3

C y = 3x + 4 D y = 3x – 4

5. The cost of a newspaper advertisement is $750 plus $80 for each day it runs. Which equation represents this relation?

A C = 80n – 750 B C = 80n + 750

C C = 750n + 80 D C = 750n – 80

Short Response 6. a) Calculate the slope.

b) Find the vertical intercept. c) Write an equation for the relation.

7. The cost to ship goods varies directly with

the mass. Paul paid $20.40 to ship a package with mass 24 kg. Write an equation for this relationship.

8. Is this relation linear or non-linear? How

can you tell without graphing?

x y

2 0.16

4 0.64

6 1.44

8 2.56

9. Sheila works in a bookstore. She earns $240 per week, plus $0.15 for every bestseller she sells. a) Write an equation for this relationship. b) Last week, Sheila sold 19 bestsellers.

How much did she earn?

Extend

Show all your work. 10. This graph shows the volume of water in a child’s pool over time as the pool is draining.

a) Calculate the rate of change of the volume of water. How does the rate of change relate to the graph?

b) Write an equation for the relationship. c) Suppose the rate of change changes to –4 L/min. How long will it take the pool to empty?

BLM 5.1.1 Practice: Direct Variation

1. a) 0.08 b) 0.45 c) 65 2. a) 2.30; the cost per metre, in dollars, of wood b) C = 2.3P

c) $34.50 3. a)

b) 3.00; the cost per hour to park in this parking lot c) C = 3.00t

4. a)

t (h) d (km)

0 0

1 80

2 160

3 240

b)

c) 80 d) d = 80t

5. a) Tomatoes cost $2.50 per kg. b) C = 2.5m

BLM 5.2.1 Practice: Partial Variation

1. a) partial variation b) partial variation c) direct variation 2. a) partial variation b) direct variation c) direct variation d) partial variation 3. a) 3; 1 b) y = x + 3 c)

The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 3). As the x-values increase by 1, the y-values also increase by 1.

4. a)

Sales ($) Earnings ($) 0 240

100 255

200 270

300 285

400 300

500 315

b) 240; 0.15 c) E = 0.15S + 240 d)

BLM 5.3.1 Practice: Slope

1. a) −5

2 b) −0.48

2. a) 56

b) 3

1 c)

5

4− d) −2

3. a) 0.69 b) Yes

4. a) 5

1− b)

2

1 c) 4 d) −2

5. Answer may vary. Possible answer: B(6, 1)

BLM 5.4.1 Practice: Slope as a Rate of Change

1. 12.4 breaths/min 2. 64 beats/min 3. 179 km/h

4. a) −3.6

b) Once the brakes are applied, the speed of the cars decreases at a rate of 3.6 m/s.

5. a)

Diagram Number

Number of Squares

1 1

2 3

3 5

4 7

5 9

b) 2 c) Each diagram has two more squares than the

previous diagram.

BLM 5.5.1 Practice: First Differences

1. a, d)

x y First Differences 0 −3

1 −1 2

2 1 2

3 3 2

4 5 2

5 7 2

b) c) linear

2. a, d)

x y First Differences 0 0

1 0.5 0.5

2 2 1.5

3 4.5 2.5

4 8 3.5

5 12.5 4.5

b) c) non-linear 3. If the first differences are equal, the relation is

linear. If the first differences are not equal, the relation is non-linear.

4. a) x y First Differences 0 8

1 10 2

2 13 3

3 17 4

non-linear b)

x y First Differences 0 2

1 6 4

2 10 4

3 14 4

linear 5. a)

x y First Differences 1 2

2 4 2

3 8 4

4 16 8

non-linear b)

x y First Differences 1 −3

2 −6 −3

3 −9 −3

4 −12 −3

linear

c)

x y First Differences 1 2

2 3 1

3 4 1

4 5 1

linear d)

x y First Differences 1 2

2 5 3

3 10 5

4 17 7

non-linear

6. a) 2b + 4 b) p − 3

c) 4y + 5 d) −3x + 4 e) 8a + b f ) 9r + 1 g) 3s + 5t h) h + g

7. a) 6v − 6 b) 6a − 5b c) 7k + 5 d) 10x

2 + x

e) −3m2 + 4 f ) −5y + 4

g) 7h + 7 h) 6p2 − 5q

2

8. a) 3a + 7b − 6 b) 9x + xy − 2y

c) 2m4 − 3m

2 + 4 d) 5xy + y2 9. a) 2x b) P = 6x c) 36 cm

BLM 5.6.1 Practice: Connecting Variation, Slope, and First Differences

1. a) 3

2− b) 4 c) 4

3

2+−= xy

2. a) 2

1 b) −2 c) 2

2

1−= xy

3. a) partial variation

b) −5 c) 3 d)

x y

0 −5

1 −2

2 1

3 4

4 7

e)

4. a)

b) The relationship between x and y is a partial

variation. The initial value is −1 and the constant of variation is 4.

c) −1; 4; y = 4x − 1 5. a)

Number of Toppings, n

Cost ($), C

0 8.00

1 8.50

2 9.00

3 9.50

4 10.00

b)

c) C = 0.50n + 8.00

6. y varies partially with x, the initial value is −2 and

the constant of variation is 4

3−

x y

−4 1

0 −2

4 −5

24

3−−= xy

BLM 5.CR.1 Chapter 5 Review

1. a)

b) 2

1 c) xy

2

1=

2. a)

Time, t Earnings, E 0 0

1 7

2 14

3 21

4 28

b)

c) 7; the amount Evan earns each hour he babysits d) y = 7x

3. a) direct variation b) neither

c) partial variation d) partial variation 4. a) 1; 5 b) y = 5x + 1 c)

The graph intersects the y-axis at (0, 1). As the x-values increase by 1, the y-values

increase by 5. 5. a) fixed cost: $1500 variable cost: $0.08 times the number of

brochures b) C = 0.08n + 1500 c) $1564

6. a) 5

2− b) 5

7. a) 5

6 b)

3

7− c)

3

10

8. Answers may vary. Possible answer: B(6, 6) 9. a) 6.5 L/min b) 10. Tom; 1 m/s

11. a) linear b) linear 12. a)

Side Length Perimeter 1 4

2 8

3 12

4 16

5 20

b) linear 13.

x y

0 2

1 3

2 4

3 5

4 6

The length of a rectangle is 2 more than its width.

BLM 5.PT.1 Chapter 5 Practice Test

1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A

6. a) 7

3− b) 6 c) 6

7

3+−= xy

7. a) d = 6.2t

b)

8. Linear; I found the first differences and noticed they were all equal.

9. a) C = 6l + 50 b) $158 10. a) $0.95/km; the rate of change is the slope b) C = 0.95d + 2.50 c) The fixed portion of the equation would change

from 2.50 to 3.00. The graph would shift up so the vertical intercept is 3.

BLM 5.CT.1 Chapter 5 Test

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B

6. a) 2

3 b) −3 c) 3

2

3−= xy

7. C = 0.85m

8. Non-linear; I found the first differences and noticed they were not equal.

9. a) E = 0.15n + 240 b) $242.85

10. a) −3 L/min; the rate of change is the slope

b) V = 200 − 3t

c) 50 min