Chapter 5 Greece Sec 1

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Greek Mythology

Chapter 5, Section 1


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The Greeks believed that gods and goddessescontrolled nature and shaped their lives.

Myths: traditional stories about gods andheroes. Greek mythology expressed the Greekpeoples religious beliefs.


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The Greeks believed that the gods andgoddesses controlled nature. According toGreek myth, the god Zeus ruled the sky and

threw lightning bolts, the goddess Demetermade the crops grow, and the god Poseidoncaused earthquakes.


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Zeus: the chief god

Athena: the goddess of wisdom and crafts

Apollo: the god of the sun and poetry

Ares: the god of war

Aphrodite: the goddess of love

Poseidon: the god of the seas and earthquakes

These gods and goddesses lived on MountOlympus, the highest mountain in Greece.


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Greek gods and goddesses were not thought tobe all powerful. According to Greek myths,even though gods had special powers, they

looked like human beings and acted like them.

They married, had children, quarreled, playedtricks on each other, and fought wars.


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Because Greeks sought their gods favor, theyfollowed many rituals.

They prayed to their gods and gave them gifts.

In return, they hoped that the gods wouldgrant good fortune to them.


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If you had the ability to be told about yourfuture, would you? Why or why not?


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The Greeks believed that each person had afate or destiny.

They believed that certain events were going to

happen no matter what they did. They also believed in prophecy. (What is a

prophecy?)

The Greeks believed that the gods gaveprophecies to people to warn them about thefuture in time to change it.


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To find out about the future, many Greeksvisited an oracle.

This was a sacred shrine where a priest or

priestess spoke for a god or goddess. The mostfamous was the oracle at the Temple of Apolloat Delphi.

The oracle chamber was deep inside the

temple. The room had an opening in the floor where

volcanic smoke hissed from a crack in theearth.


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A priestess sat on a tripoda three leggedstoolin the oracle chamber and listened toquestions. The priests translated her answers.

State leaders or their messengers traveled toDelphi to ask advice from the oracle of Apollo.

The priestess in the oracle often gave answersin the form of a riddle.


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Main Idea: Greek poetry and fables taughtGreek values.

Greek poems and stories are the oldest in theWestern world.

For hundreds of years, Europeans andAmericans have used these early works asmodels for their own poems and stories.


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Shakespeare, for example, borrowed manyGreek plots and settings

The earliest Greek stories were epics. Theselong poems told about heroic deeds.

The first great epics of early Greece were theIliad and the Odyssey.


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The poet Homer wrote these epics during the 700sB.C. He based them on stories of a war betweenGreece and the city of Troy, which once existed inwhat is today northwestern Turkey.

In The Iliad, a prince of Troy kidnaps the wife of theking of Sparta. The kidnapping outrages theGreeks.

The king of Mycenae and the brother of the king ofSparta lead the Greeks in an attack on Troy.


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The battle for Troy drags on for ten years.Finally, the Greeks come up with a plan to takethe city. They build a huge, hollow, woodenhorse.

The best Mycenaean warriors hide inside thehorse.

The Trojans, thinking the horse was a gift from

the Greeks, celebrate and roll the giant horseinto the city.

That night, the Greek warriors quietly climbfrom the horse and capture the city.


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About 550 B.C., a Greek slave named Aesopmade up his now famous fables.

A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson.

In most of Aesops fables ,animals talk and actlike people.

These often funny stories point out humanflaws as well as strengths.


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Each fable ends with a message or moral.

One of the best-known fables is The Tortoise andthe Hare.

What happens in this story?

Some of the phrases we hear today came from

Aesops fables.

Sour grapes, a wolf in sheeps clothing, andappearances often are deceiving are examples.


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What is drama? A story told by actors who pretend to be characters in a

story. In a drama, actors speak, show emotion, and imitate the

actions of the characters they represent.

Tragedies and Comedies:Plays were performed in outdoor theaters known asamphitheaters

In a tragedy, a person struggles to overcome difficulties butfails.In a comedy, the story ends happily. Today we use the

word comedy to mean a story filled with humor. Theword actually means any drama that has a happy ending.


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Greek stories dealt with big questions, such as:

What is the nature of good and evil?

What rights should people have?

What role do gods play in our lives.


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DUE TOMORROW: Please find an example ofGreek Drama. Describe whether the play is atragedy or comedy and write a brief summary.


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Greek art and architecture expressed Greekideas of beauty and harmony.

Think back to Chapter 2. How does Greek artcompare to art from the Egyptians?


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Artists in ancient Greece believed in certainideas and tried to show those ideas in theirwork.

These ideas have never gone out of style.

Greek artists wanted people to see reason,moderation, balance, and harmony in theirwork.


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We know that the Greeks painted murals, butnone of them have survived. However, we canstill see example of Greek painting on Greek

pottery.


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Large vases often had scenes from Greekmyths.

Small drinking cups showed scenes from

everyday life.


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In addition to making pottery, the Greeks wereskilled architects. Architecture is the art ofdesigning and building structures.

The most important architecture was thetemple dedicated to a god or goddess. Thebest-known example is the Parthenon. (We sawthis in Alecs photos from his trip!)


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Which type of column is sitting on Miss Sees desk?


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The Greeks decorated their temples withsculpture.

The favorite subject of the Greek artists was thehuman body. Greek sculptors did not copytheir subjects exactly, flaws and all. Insteadthey tried to show their ideal version ofperfection and beauty. They were heroicallynude.


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Chapter 5 Greece Sec 1

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