Chapter 5 - Fyps

7/25/2019 Chapter 5 - Fyps

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-5-fyps 1/4

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Summary of findin!

Domestic wastewater treatment in urban areas especially in subdivisions was difficult

considering the small available space for treatment facilities and lack of soil and

disposal of greywater without any treatment being done by the households was one

of the problems that should be addressed. The study aims to reduce the

contaminants present in domestic greywater by integrating a modified nutrient-film

technique hydroponic system planted with water spinach for utilization of the

wastewater at the same time able to grow crops for human consumption. A set of

kangkong consisted by 4 stalks are used for each trial in the hydroponics system. A

!"-# synthetic greywater was used as the representative for household greywater

effluent discharge. $or ob%ective &' a time series pretest-posttest method was

employed. $or the (nd and )rd ob%ective' a pretest-posttest method employed

measuring the parameter level in the initial *day "+ and after treatment and harvest

*day ,+. $or the first ob%ective' eponential regression was used to interpret the data

and obtain the kinetic parameters. ne sample t-tests were used in statistically

interpreting the results of ob%ective ( and ). A two sample t-test was then used for

interpreting the removal efficiency of ob%ective (. $or the ob%ective &' the results

show a kinetic behaviour of &st order reaction having obtained a &st order kinetic

constant *k+ of ".)( days-&. $or the second ob%ective' the results show that the

parameters /D' T00' and TD0 have significantly passed the standards set by

D123 having values significantly lower than the standard values. Thus' with /D'

T00' and TD0 considered' the effluent treated by the hydroponics system can be

disposed in lass and lass D waters or reused in certain functions as the



standards specify. The system provided an average reduction of 5)."46' 5&.,(6'

and &".&56 for the parameters /D' T00' and TD0 respectively. $or the third

ob%ective' since both the initial and final concentration of cadmium and lead in water

spinach samples proved to be higher than the maimum levels indicated in the

standards of ode Alimentarius' there is no concludable relationship between the

eposure of the water spinach to the wastewater and the hydroponic setup itself.

". Con#$u!ion!

$or the first ob%ective' it is concluded that the /D reduction in the hydroponics

system follows a first order kinetics. 7sing the corrected /D curve' the kinetics

curve yielded the equation y 8 (9)."5e-".)(t

with having an 3: of ".5,4&. ;ith this 3 ( close to one *as it is the best 3( obtained

from the data gathering+' it is concluded that the /D reduction follows a first order

kinetics. The equation also provided a value for the kinetic constant specific for

hydroponic system of this study which is of the value ".)( days -&. The higher the

kinetic constant of the system' the faster for the system to reduce the /D level of

the treated greywater. $or the second ob%ective' it is concluded that on the , th day of

treatment with the hydroponics system' all parameters' namely /D' T00' and TD0

proved to have passed the D123 standards for lass and lass D waters. This

means that the effluent of the hydroponics system can be safely discharged to lass

and lass D waters and could also be reused for specific purposed indicated by

the standards. $or the )rd ob%ective' it cannot be concluded that any water spinach

that can be harvested from the hydroponics system is toicologically unacceptable

nor acceptable since initial concentrations of lead and cadmium are already higher

than that of the standards. <t is also noticeable that there is an increase of cadmium

concentration in water spinach having an increase ".& mg=kg from the initial



concentration to the final concentration. Thus' the usage of the synthetic greywater

in the hydroponic system contributed to an increase of cadmium concentration in the

planted water spinach due to metal uptake. Thus' further study should be applied to

be able to have a significant conclusion of this ob%ective.

%. R&#omm&nda'ion! for fu'ur& r&!&ar#(

The researchers would like to recommend that further research of this study should

be conducted. There are many errors encountered in this study that gave differing

values and deviations from theoretical epectations were observed due to these

errors. <t is recommended that> *&+ further study of the construction and design of the

hydroponic system should be done' in terms of its dimensions and if other additional

equipment like filters should be added to the system itself. *(+ <t should also be good

that the choice of the plant should be studied and it is suggested that a much more

higher-valued crop should be used in this study for a much greater economic and

societal impact. *)+ ?ariation of other parameters like recirculation flowrate is also a

good focus of study since in this study' the flowrate is constant. *4+ onsidering the

limitations of the study' it is recommended that there should be further research and

eperimentation on other possible factors that may affect the /D reduction in the

hydroponics system' like for instance' the growth of the plant and crop science

concepts behind it. *!+ <t should be recommended that all the errors in this study

should be avoided if a similar study is conducted' like the effects of delayed sample

analysis' low reservoir levels' and decaying plant matter. *9+ onsidering the ) rd

ob%ective' it is recommended to have a separate study on the cadmium and lead

levels on the water spinach that are sold in the market since selling toicologically

unacceptable crops is prohibited by law. *,+ <t is also recommended that a similar



plant toicity analysis should be done but referring to the natural toins as also

stated in the ode Alimentarius.

Chapter 5 - Fyps

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 5 - Fyps