Chapter 5 Expenditure Cycle Applications. Expenditure Documents i.Purchase Requisitions ii.Purchase...
-
Upload
christina-nichols -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 5 Expenditure Cycle Applications. Expenditure Documents i.Purchase Requisitions ii.Purchase...
Expenditure Documents
i. Purchase Requisitions
ii. Purchase Orders
iii. Receiving Report
iv. Voucher Systems
v. Invoice Verification
A. Purchase Requisitions
A purchase requisition is an internal document created to request the
procurement of something.
They originate in stores or other departments
within an organization.
We better order these!
B. Purchase Orders
Purchasing selects a vendor, then prepares a purchase order for the requisitioned goods.
The purchase order identifies the vendor, confirms the goods
ordered, quantity, price, delivery date, and payment terms.
We will get these from Acme, Co.
C. Receiving Reports
Purchase orders authorize the receiving department to
accept delivery from a vendor.
A receiving report summarizes the goods
received and accompanies them to stores.
D. Voucher Systems
The real control over disbursements is a final review of documents evidencing the entire transaction prior to
authorization of payment.Several vouchers may relate to the same creditor, as
opposed to a single account in an accounts payable system.A voucher shows, among other things, the name and address of the vendor, a description of the invoice, total or
net amount due.Voucher systems accumulate several invoices from the
same vendor and pay these invoices with a single check.
E. Invoice Verification
Invoices must be checked against receiving reports
and original purchase orders prior to payment.
Payment should only be approved when the above documents match, or the
invoice has been satisfactorily reconciled to
the other documents.
EXPENDITURE CYCLE TRANSACTIONS AND DOCUMENTS
• During the expenditure cycle the following transactions are routinely recorded.
– Credit purchase – Purchase return– Cash disbursement
Purchase Returns• When an organization returns the purchase items to the
vendor it is called purchase returns. This transaction occurs because of the following reasons:– If the buyer receives un requested items.– If the buyer received excessive number of items then. – If the buyer receives low quality goods.
• The document, which is used to record the purchase returns, is called the Debit Memo.
EXPENDITURE CYCLE REPORTS
• During the expenditure cycle three types of reports are prepared which the following diagram can explain.
OPEN INVOICES REPORT
VOUCHER AGING REPORT
CASH REQUIREMENT REPORT
EXPENDITURE CYCLE REPORTS
CONTROL REPORTS
REGISTER SPECIAL PURPOSE REPORTS
CONTROL REPORTS• The accountants use these reports to ensure that all the
transactions have been recorded properly and no transaction has been omitted during processing and the amount entered against each transaction is correct.
• In a computerized system the control report shows cash totals and record counts in order to detect errors. These reports are used to monitor the accuracy of the data entry.
SPECIAL PURPOSE REPORT
• Special purpose reports in he expenditure cycle help managers schedule payments to vendors. It includes following reports.
• Open invoices report• Voucher aging report• Cash requirement report
OPEN INVOICES REPORT
• An open invoice report and lists unpaid vendor
invoices as of the date of the report. It lists the
invoices received from each vendor and the
amounts owed on each invoice.
VOUCHER AGING REPORT
• A voucher aging report summarizes vouchers by how
long they have existed. Vendor invoices that remain
unpaid for an excessive length of time may damage a
firm’s business relationship with the vendor. They may
also harm the firm’s credit rating, making it difficult to
purchase on credit. Frequently, old unpaid invoices are
a result of disagreements with the vendor.
CASH REQUIREMENT REPORT
• It is that type of special purpose report which
lists the vouchers which are to be paid on due
date. It also shows that which of the invoices are
to be paid immediately in order to get discounts.
This report also shows the effect of paying these
invoices on the cash balance.
REGISTERS
• That type of report, which shows the list of all
the transactions of similar types during a
processing period. A register in a manual system
is equivalent to special journal. e.g. cheque
register etc…
Receipts file
Master File
RequisitionFile Purchase
order detail file
Computer Files During Expenditure Cycle
Transaction File
PendingInvoice File
Voucher fileOpen Purchase order file
MASTER FILE
• The vendor’s master file contains the record of
approved suppliers. The primary key for this file is the
vendor ID. This file also contains vendors name,
discount terms, payment terms and the address of the
vendors
• Some computerized master files of vendors also
contain the history of the past transactions
TRANSACTION FILES
• During the expenditure cycle certain transactions files are
also used to record and process the transactions. Some
transactions files during the expenditure Cycle are the
following: – Requisition File – Open Purchase order File– Purchase order detail File – Receipt File – Pending Invoices File – Voucher File
Continu…..
• a. REQUISITION FILE
• This transaction file contains the record of the items, which are
requested to be purchased by some authorized person in an
organization.
• This transaction files acts as an input to the purchasing
department.
• b. OPEN PURCHASE ORDER FILE
• This transaction file contains the record of those purchase order,
which has been mailed to the vendors. Here the primary key is the
purchase Order Number.
Continu…..
• c. PURCHASE ORDER DETAIL FILE
• This transaction file contains the record of purchase order
detail. It contains the record of all the items in the purchase
orders.
• d. RECEIPT FILE
• This transaction file contains the record of all the items,
which has been received from the vendors. It contains the
record of each purchase order and the items, which have
been ordered.
Continu…..
• e. PENDING INVOICE FILE
• That transaction file which contains the record of
vendors provides before receiving the goods.
• f. VOUCHER FILE
• The transaction file, which contains the record of each
unpaid vouchers. It also contains the record of purchase
order, pending invoices and receipts records