Chapter 5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses
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Transcript of Chapter 5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 5Drug Preparations and
Equipment to Measure Doses
Chapter 5Drug Preparations and
Equipment to Measure Doses
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Drug PreparationsDrug Preparations
• Oral route
– Generally easiest for patient
– Most convenient for nurse to administer
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Oral Route: TabletsOral Route: Tablets
• Powdered drugs compressed solid shapes
• Scored
• Coated
• Enteric coated
• Prolonged release or extended release
• Sublingual
• Coded
• Capsules
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Oral RouteOral Route
• Capsules
• Lozenges
• Syrups
• Elixirs
• Fluid extracts and tinctures
• Solutions
• Suspensions
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Oral Route (cont.)Oral Route (cont.)
• Magmas
• Gels
• Emulsions
• Powders
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Parenteral RouteParenteral Route
• Injection
• Intradermal
• Subcutaneous
• Intramuscular
• Intravenous
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Topical RouteTopical Route
• Aerosol powders or liquids
• Powders
• Creams
• Ointments
• Pastes
• Suppositories
• Transdermal
• Topical drops (eye, nose, ear)
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Practices to Measure Liquids AccuratelyPractices to Measure Liquids Accurately
• Pour liquids to line
• Pour liquids at eye level
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Equipment to Measure LiquidsEquipment to Measure Liquids
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Medicine CupMedicine Cup
• Disposable container
– Plastic
– Paper
• Equivalent measures
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SyringesSyringes
• 3 mL syringes
– Marking to nearest tenth
• 1 mL syringe
– Marking to nearest hundredth
• Insulin syringe
– Marking in units
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Rounding off NumbersRounding off Numbers
• When the last number is 5 or more, add 1 to the previous number
• When the number is 4 or less, drop the last number
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
QuestionQuestion
Is the following statement true or false?
2.55 becomes 2.5
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AnswerAnswer
False
2.55 becomes 2.6 because when the last number is 5 or more, add 1 to the previous number.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Rounding off Numbers for SyringesRounding off Numbers for Syringes
• 3 mL syringe: carry out two decimal places and round off to the nearest tenth
• 1 mL precision syringe: carry out three places and round off to the nearest hundredth
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
GaugeGauge
• Needle’s diameter or width
• The higher the gauge number, the smaller the needle’s diameter
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
NeedlesNeedles
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
QuestionQuestion
Which needle has the smallest diameter?
A. 18
B. 21
C. 23
D. 25
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AnswerAnswer
D. 25
The higher the gauge number, the smaller the needle’s diameter; 18 gauge needle has the
largest needle diameter, and 25 gauge needle has the smallest needle diameter.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Needle ChoiceNeedle Choice
• Route of administration
• Size and condition of patient
• Amount of adipose tissue present at site