CHAPTER-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE...

CHAPTER-5

CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL

INTELLIGENCE SCALE

5.1.0 Introduction

5.2.0 Components (Dimensions) of the Scale

5.3.0 Construction and Layout of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

5.3.1 Construction of Statements

5.3.2 Review of the Statements by Experts

5.3.3 Pre-Piloting of the Scale

5.3.4 Pilot Tryout of the Scale

5.3.5 Item Analysis

5.3.6 Final Form of the Scale

5.3.7 Scoring Method of the Scale

5.3.8 Manual for Spiritual Intelligence Scale

5.4.0 Conclusion

101

CHAPTER-5

CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE

5.1.0 Introduction

Main objective of the present study is to construct and standardize spiritual

intelligence scale for colleges students of Gujarat state. So this chapter is the heart of this

study. In this chapter component (Dimension) to measure spiritual intelligence, steps to

construct spiritual intelligence scale, scoring method and statistical analysis for selecting

statements were discussed in detail.

5.2.0 Components (Dimensions) of the Scale

The objective of the present study is to measure the spiritual intelligence of

bachelor of education (B.Ed.) and master of education (M.Ed.) college students of

Gujarat state. Before constructing Spiritual Intelligence Scale, the researcher has referred

following scales of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

t Spiritual Intelligence Scale By Shirin R. Jadav

t Spiritual Intelligence Test By Nishad B. Oza

t Spiritual Intelligence Scale by Bhavin D. Shah

t Roqan Spiritual Intelligence Test by Prof. Roquiya Zainuddin and Ms. Anjum

Ahmed published by National Psychological Corporation.

t Spiritual Intelligence Scale by Dr. Santosh Dhar and Dr. Upinder Dhar published

by National Psychological Corporation.

Components (Dimensions) in the above scales as well as items of these scales were

studied in detail. After the studying the scales and discussion with the guide, the detail

list of dimensions were sent to experts of Education Faculty. After that following

(components) dimensions were selected for the preparation of Spiritual Intelligence

Scale:

�� Components (Dimensions) used for Spiritual Intelligence Scale :

(1) God and Religious

�� God and Religious

�� Belief and Knowledge Regarding God

�� Belief Regarding Prayers

102

(2) Self-Awareness

�� Knowledge about strength and weakness

�� Realisation of inner self

�� Self behaviour with other persons

�� Self - satisfaction

�� Belief about own self

(3) Religious Concept

�� Knowledge about tradition and festivals of different religion

�� Equality for all religion

�� Knowledge of different religion

�� Acceptance/ rejection of other religion’s belief

�� Belief about salvation

�� Knowledge about different religion’s culture

(4) Spiritual Changes

Spiritual Changes occur because of:

�� Changes in personality because of religion and spirituality

�� Changes because of religion education

�� Changes because of spiritual books

�� Changes because of satsang (spiritual discourse)

�� Knowledge about spiritual leaders

(5) Religious Experience

�� Evolutions of daily life experiences in context of spirituality

�� Experiences of different power due to spirituality

�� Realisation of god existence

(6) Values

�� Democratic perception

�� Moral values

�� Humanism

�� Peace and Empathy �� Non-violence and Justice

�� Honesty

�� Unity

103

(7) Helping Nature

�� Understanding the importance of human life

�� Use of body and mind to help others

�� Helping others without selfishness

�� Belief like ‘The service of the People is the service of the God’

(8) Social Maturity

�� Social service and knowledge about social traditions

�� To try for removing the misunderstanding, superstitions and rigid -customs

prevalent in the society.

�� Knowledge about relationship between different religion and society.

(9) Soul, Meditation and Yoga

�� Doing activity like meditation and yoga

�� Belief about existence of soul after death

�� Belief about reincarnation

�� Knowledge about relationship between body and soul

5.3.0 Construction and Layout of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

After deciding the dimensions (Components) of the Spiritual Intelligence Scale,

the next step was to construct statements. It was decided to include 90 statements in the

final form of the scale. So, it was required to construct more than 90 statements.

Researcher had decided layout of the scale that was 5 point scale. It means students get

five options to give response like Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, and Strongly

Disagree)

5.3.1 Construction of Statements

The researcher had studied the concept of spirituality and as per his

understanding he prepared some sentences on his own. Some sentences were prepared

after having a discussion with the professors and the guide while some sentences were

prepared after the discussion with the students.

Thus, from the above mentioned sources instructions on how to respond to the

statements and a list of total 166 sentences was prepared according to dimensions.

Details of statement according to dimensions are given in Table-5.1

104

Table-5.1

Statements as per Dimensions for Scale

Sr. No. Dimensions Number of Statements

1 God and Religious 23

2 Self Awareness 22

3 Religious Concept 15

4 Spiritual Changes 16

5 Religious Experience 16

6 Values 20

7 Helping Nature 15

8 Social Maturity 19

9 Soul, Meditation and Yoga 20

Total 166

5.3.2 Review of the Statements by Experts

Above form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale of 166 statements was sent to the

experts of Faculties of Education for further recommendations. List of Experts who sent

back their view is attached in Appendix-A.

The experts’ views and suggestions regarding the statements of the scale It was

observed that the experts had directed the attentions of the researcher towards length of

statements, grammatical errors, irrelevant statements and also towards adding new

statements and keep 1/3 statements negative for each dimension in the scale.

According to the suggestions and recommendations given by the experts, investigator

corrected and made changes in the statements. By keeping in mind suggestions of

experts irrelevant statements were removed and 15 statements for each dimension were

finalised for the pre-piloting of the scale.

5.3.3 Pre-Piloting of the Scale

The pre-piloting tryout was carried out keeping in mind the following objectives:

(A) To modify the statement if students find it ambiguous or confusion.

(B) To modify the instruction of the scale if required.

105

For the Pre-Pilot Test of the Spiritual Intelligence Scale, sample from 1 college of

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) and 1 Colleges of Master of Education (M.Ed.) i.e. from

total 2 colleges were selected. The details of the sample are given in the table-5.2.

Table-5.2

Sample for the Pre-Pilot Tryout

Gender Male Female

Area Urban Rural Urban Rural

College

Name

Category G R G R G R G R

Tot

al

Sharda Ahyapan

Mandir B.Ed.

College 11 04 09 08 07 04 06 04 53

Manuba

M.Ed.College 02 01 02 01 03 01 02 04 16

13 05 11 09 10 05 08 08 Total

18 20 15 16 69

Abbreviations G= General Category, R=Reserve Category

Students were asked to raise their hands if they feel any confusion or difficulty

regarding the statements and instructions. The difficulties faced by them were noted

down and required changes were made in the statements. They were also asked to

provide feedback, if any, doubt of any aspect of the Scale, including clarity of

instructions, wording of Statement, response format and content. No statistical analysis

was done at this stage.Thus, on the basis of pre-pilot try out, very small correction were

made in the statements and instructions.

5.3.4 Pilot Tryout of the Scale

The objectives of the pilot try out were as follows:

(A) To select the statements based on the statistical analysis (t-value and Correlation

Coefficient)

(B) To select statements for the final run.

Now, in the prepared scale, the general instructions about scale, as well as information

regarding the students such as a, name, college name, college level, gender, area of

residence, type of college, under graduate / post graduate subject, Category were

mentioned on the scale and 450 copies were made of this Spiritual Intelligence Scale.

106

For each dimension researcher had constructed 15 statements i.e.10 positive and 05

negative statements. Detail of statements according to dimension is given in Table-5.3.

Table-5.3

Statements According to Dimensions for Scale

Statement No. in Primary

Spiritual Intelligence Scale

Number of

Statements

Sr.

No.

Dimensions

Positive Negative Positive Negative

Tot

al

1 God and

Religious

8,35,45,52,54,66,

69,73,109,124 2,25,87, 119,132 10 05 15

2 Self

Awareness

26,46,75,79,81,84,

88,91,94,96 32,65,99,112,116 10 05 15

3 Religious

Concept

1,20,30,43,55,64,

78,85,97,129 7,11,38,59,117 10 05 15

4 Spiritual

Changes

16,44,63,67,74,76,

80,104,106,108 48,72,86,92,101 10 05 15

5 Religious

Experience

5,12,13,24,27,

42,50,100,114,134 14,53,93,123,128 10 05 15

6 Values 17,21,39,47,51,

58,68,113,118,126 9,29,33,40,61 10 05 15

7 Helping

Nature

4,18,23,36,56,

83,90,102,105,131 60,70,122,125,133 10 05 15

8 Social

Maturity

6,15,19,28,37,

82,95,98,110,111 10,57,71,121,130 10 05 15

9

Soul,

Meditation

and Yoga

3,22,31,34,41,

62,89,107,115,135 49,77,103,120,127 10 05 15

Total 90 45 135

Primary Spiritual Intelligence Scale in Gujarati Version is attached in appendix-B

and English Version is attached in appendix-B(I).

For the Pilot Tryout of the Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Total 418 students were

selected as a sample from 4 college of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) and 3 Colleges of

107

Master of Education (M.Ed.) i.e. total 7 colleges were selected. Scales having incorrect

information, responses in same methods were rejected and finally, 370 students were

selected for Pilot Tryout. The details of the sample are given in the Table-5.4.

Table-5.4 Sample for the Pilot Tryout

Gender Male Female

Area Urban Rural Urban Rural

Sr

No.

College

Name

Category G R G R G R G R

Tot

al

1 Prakash College of

Education(B.Ed.) 13 14 16 12 16 8 4 6 89

2 Parth College of

Education(B.Ed.) 11 7 12 9 12 11 2 8 72

3

Vrindavan College of

Education

Ganeshpura

9 3 14 6 7 10 8 11 68

4

Shree V. B. Nandola

B.Ed. College,

Bhachha

14 8 5 7 13 8 3 5 63

5

M.Ed. College

Vidhyanagari

Himmatnagar

2 6 3 2 3 2 4 2 24

6

Experimental College

of Education for post

graduation studies,

(M.Ed.)

Prantij

4 8 2 8 0 3 2 1 28

7

Shree Ram College of

MasterEducation,Moti

Pavthi

5 1 4 2 3 7 1 3 26

Total 58 47 56 46 54 49 24 36 370

According to Table-5.4, four colleges of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) and three

colleges of Master of Education (M.Ed.) were selected. There are 292 students from

108

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) and 78 students from Master of Education (M.Ed.), which

total to 370 students.

There are 105 male students from urban area; 102 male students from rural area;

103 female students from urban area and 60 female students from rural area were

selected. Total 207 male students and 163 female students were selected.

Before, administering the scale to the students, all the instructions were read

before them and Spiritual Intelligence Scale was given for Pilot Try out. After students

completed their work and gave their responses on Spiritual Intelligence Scale, all the

scales were collected back. After that item analysis was carried out.

5.3.5 Item Analysis

Total 370 scales were checked based on the scoring of the scale; they were

shorted in descending order of the scores of the students. After that, the top 27%, i.e. 100

students were selected as Upper Group of the students and the bottom 27% students i.e.

100 students were selected as a Lower Group of the students. For each statement keeping

in the view the choice as Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree,

the t-value and correlation was calculated for the Upper Group and Lower Group. The

frequency distribution of the responses of the sentences in terms of the group achieving

higher 27% score and lower 27% score is shown in Table- 5.5. The t-value was

calculated using the following formula.

Where,

Xu = Mean of the upper group

Xl = Mean of the lower group

SDu = Standard Deviation of the upper group

SDl = Standard Deviation of the Lower group

N = Number of students

u = Upper Group

l = Lower Group

109

Table-5.5

Number of Responses of the group achieving higher 27% score and lower

27% score to Each Statements in Primary Spiritual Intelligence Scale

Sr. No. Statements Level Mean S.D. SEd

Mean Difference

t-value r

Accepted /

Rejected

U 4.49 0.67 1

I celebrate

every religious

festival

enthusiastically. L 3.43 1.07

0.08 1.06 13.5 0.54 Accepted

U 4.33 0.83

2

Doing the Bhajan – Kirtan (Holy worship/Hymns of God) is a wastage of time.

L 2.51 0.94

0.09 1.82 19.8 0.71 Accepted

U 4.47 0.54

3

I believe that

the diseases can

be cured with

the help of

Yoga. L 3.47 1.07

0.07 1.00 15.3 0.57 Accepted

U 4.64 0.58

4

The service

done without

any expectation

is the real

service. L 3.43 1.12

0.07 1.21 17.2 0.63 Accepted

U 4.25 0.68 5

I can have the realization of God by worshiping or praying Him.

L 3.24 1.11

0.08 1.01 12.5 0.48 Accepted

U 3.46 1.2

6

I don’t like the hypocrisy displayed in the marriages or religious occasions.

L 3.09 1.05

0.13 0.37 2.82 0.22 Rejected

110

Sr.

No Statements Level Mean S.D. SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 3.46 1.2

7

I believe that

the God cannot

be made glad

by the

celebration of

religious

festivals.

L 3.09 1.05

0.13 0.37 2.82 0.22 Rejected

U 3.25 1.25 8

I believe that

the God is only

one. L 2.79 1.13

0.14 0.46 3.34 0.24 Rejected

U 4.45 1

9

I prefer such

works as can

offer financial

gains. L 3.39 1.06

0.11 1.06 9.57 0.5 Rejected

U 2.56 1.17 10

I cannot easily

mix up with the

people in

society. L 2.72 1.09

0.13 0.16 1.24 -0.1 Accepted

U 4.18 0.8

11

I don’t accept

the importance

of the other

religion. L 2.78 1.19

0.09 1.4 14.9 0.57 Accepted

U 3.91 0.88 12

I feel being

close to the

God. L 3.08 1.11

0.1 0.83 8.28 0.45 Accepted

U 4.27 0.75

13

I feel the

existence of the

God in every

element of the

nature. L 3.22 1.09

0.09 1.05 12.1 0.53 Accepted

111

Sr.

No Statements Level Mean S.D. SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.09 1.04

14

The God does

not give the

appropriate

reward of my

work. L 2.83 1.13

0.12 1.26 10.8 0.52 Accepted

U 3.15 1.04

15

I am always

given the

responsibility

of organizing

the social

programmes.

L 3.16 1.05

0.11 0.01 0.09 00.00 Rejected

U 4.23 0.84

16

By attending the Satsang (Spiritual Discourse), the virtues like compassion, mercy and honesty are developed in me.

L 3.14 1.17

0.1 1.09 11.2 0.52 Accepted

U 4.42 0.6 17

I proceed on the

basis of the

honesty. L 3.44 1.1

0.07 0.98 13.5 0.54 Rejected

U 4.2 0.79 18

I help as much

as I can during

natural disaster. L 3.34 1.09

0.09 0.86 9.48 0.42 Rejected

U 4.59 0.62

19

I believe that

each person has

unique

importance in

the society. L 3.36 1.11

0.07 1.23 16.5 0.61 Accepted

112

Sr. No

Statements Level Mean S.D. SEd Mean

Difference t-

value r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 3.15 1.37

20

My religion is

the best one

among all the

religions.

L 3.13 1.22 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.04 Rejected

U 4.06 1.19

21

I don’t believe

in the

differences of

religion and

race.

L 3.14 1.24 0.13 0.92 6.83 0.37 Accepted

U 4.32 0.9

22

My inner

abilities are

developed by

meditation and

yoga.

L 3.23 1.15

0.1 1.09 10.6 0.52 Accepted

U 4.08 1.17

23

I believe that

‘The service of

the People is

the service to

the God’ L 3.26 1.15

0.13 0.82 6.31 0.37 Accepted

U 3.86 1.17 24

I experience the

miracles. L 3.37 1.18 0.13 0.49 3.73 0.24 Rejected

U 4.48 0.92 25

I don’t believe

in God. L 2.87 1.23 0.11 1.61 15 0.63 Accepted

U 4.03 1.01 26

I can make new

friends quickly. L 3.38 1.14

0.11 0.65 5.7 0.35 Rejected

U 3.73 1.24 27

I get what I

think. L 3.14 1.2

0.14 0.59 4.26 0.31 Rejected

113

Sr.

No. Statements Level Mean

Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.11 1.01

28

I don’t do such

things as create

differences in

the society. L 3.2 1.13

0.11 0.91 8.04 0.47 Rejected

U 4.11 1.01 29

I don’t keep the

promises given

to others. L 2.75 1.17

0.11 1.36 11.9 0.57 Accepted

U 4.34 1.13

30

My religion

suggests the

way of non –

violence.

L 3.37 1.28

0.13 0.97 7.47 0.4 Accepted

U 3.05 1.30

31

I believe that

the soul is

needed for the

existence of the

body. L 3.17 1.26

0.13 0.12 0.92 0.21 Rejected

U 3.59 1.33 32

I cannot control

my feelings. L 2.57 0.9 0.14 1.02 7.23 0.40 Accepted

U 4.34 1.08 33

I exploit others for gaining money.

L 2.85 1.03 0.12 1.49 12.5 0.57 Accepted

U 4.56 0.61

34

I believe that the salvation can be achieved by the purification of the soul.

L 3.1 1.16

0.07 1.46 19.7 0.68 Accepted

114

Sr. No.

Statements Level Mean Standard Deviation

SEd Mean Difference

t-value

r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 4.67 0.57 35

I believe that

the prayer is the

food for the

soul. L 3.32 1.22

0.07 1.35 18.8 0.63 Accepted

U 4.78 0.51 36

I believe that

helping in the

difficult time is

humanity. L 3.2 1.11

0.06 1.58 25 0.7 Accepted

U 4.19 0.78

37

I keep on trying

for removing

the

superstitions

and rigid

customs

prevalent in the

society.

L 3.16 1.13

0.09 1.03 11.3 0.54 Accepted

U 4.64 0.96

38

I believe that to

make the God

glad, the

animals should

be sacrificed. L 2.79 1.18

0.11 1.85 16.8 0.64 Accepted

U 3.48 0.93 39 I always speak

the truth. L 3.18 1.14 0.11 0.3 2.82 0.19 Rejected

U 4.12 1.07 40 I envy my

friends. L 2.89 1.13 0.12 1.23 10.3 0.5 Accepted

U 2.92 1.6

41

I believe that by

doing

meditation we

can go closer to

the God. L 3.03 1.17

0.17 0.11 0.63 0.04 Rejected

115

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.41 0.75

42

I experience the

God’s grace

behind the

success of my

each work. L 3.31 1.11

0.09 1.1 12.6 0.54 Accepted

U 4.31 0.73

43 I give equal

respect to each


0.08 0.28 3.55 -0.1 Rejected

U 4.7 0.5

44

The reading of

religious books

leads a person

on the correct

path.

L 3.41 1.09

0.06 1.29 20.8 0.64 Accepted

U 4.63 0.6

45

Prayer is the

way towards

the realization

of the God. L 3.23 1.29

0.08 1.4 18.4 0.62 Accepted

U 4.2 0.75

46 I am aware of

my abilities and

weaknesses. L 3.34 1.2

0.09 0.86 9.59 0.47 Accepted

U 4.51 0.72

47

I have

compassion for

the poor people. L 3.24 1.08

0.08 1.27 15.2 0.65 Accepted

U 4.07 1.07

48

There is no

impact of the

religious

thoughts on my

personality. L 2.76 1.19

0.12 1.31 10.8 0.49 Accepted

116

Sr. No.


SEd Mean Difference

t-value

r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 3.66 1.19

49

I don’t spare

any time for

meditation or

yoga. L 2.75 1.14

0.13 0.91 6.87 0.36 Accepted

U 4.33 0.68

50

I attain power

for doing any

work by doing

prayer. L 3.27 1.12

0.08 1.06 13.1 0.54 Accepted

U 4.63 0.74

51

I respect the

religion and

culture of the

country. L 3.07 1.32

0.09 1.56 17 0.65 Rejected

U 4.16 1.14 52

I believe that God exists in everything. L 3.23 1.29

0.13 0.93 7.14 0.41 Rejected

U 2.4 1.18

53

Whenever I

commit any

misdeed, the

God punishes

me.

L 2.64 1.09

0.13 0.24 1.85 -0.1 Rejected

U 3.73 1.3

54

I always try to

associate

myself with the

God. L 3.31 0.99

0.14 0.42 3.00 0.25 Rejected

U 4.19 0.88

55

I believe that

philanthropy

and worshiping

the God are the

necessity for

achieving

salvation.

L 3.44 1.09

0.1 0.75 7.52 0.39 Accepted

117

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 3.84 0.97 56

I use my money

and things for

helping the

others. L 3.2 1.02

0.11 0.64 5.93 0.37 Rejected

U 3.95 1.04

57

I do not like to

be present in

the social

occasions.

L 2.68 1.15

0.12 1.27 10.8 0.48 Accepted

U 4.56 0.89 58

I am proud of

my country’s

culture. L 3.3 1.08

0.1 1.26 12.5 0.54 Accepted

U 3.64 1.41 59

I keep fasts for

making the God

glad. L 2.69 1.28

0.16 0.95 6.06 0.3 Accepted

U 4.15 1.04

60

I do not waste

my time in

listening to and

removing the

sufferings of

the people.

L 2.75 1.23

0.12 1.4 11.7 0.54 Accepted

U 4.13 1.07 61

I copy in the

exams. L 1.72 1.17 0.12 2.41 19.9 0.74 Accepted

U 4.36 0.8

62

I believe that

the meditation

is the

connection with

the God.

L 3.69 0.94 0.09 0.67 7.57 0.44 Accepted

118

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 3.84 1.18

63

A person

becomes

religious by

attending the

religious

gatherings.

L 3.32 1.15

0.13 0.52 3.97 0.27 Rejected

U 4.07 1.00

64

I believe that it

is necessary to

do the religious

ceremony at the

time of

marriage and

death.

L 3.14 1.14

0.11 0.93 8.26 0.48 Rejected

U 3.84 1.11 65

I cannot decide

my goal. L 2.92 1.15 0.12 0.92 7.38 0.39 Accepted

U 4.17 0.9

66

My inner self

becomes pure

by doing hymns

of God.

L 3.01 1.08 0.1 1.16 11.5 0.54 Accepted

U 3.85 1.05

67

My beliefs regarding various religions get changed by visiting various religious places.

L 3.17 1.16

0.12 0.68 5.73 0.34 Accepted

U 4.4 0.75

68

I believe that

the character is

the real

strength.

L 3.29 1.07 0.09 1.11 12.8 0.56 Accepted

119

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.56 0.71

69

I believe that

the God

governs the

whole world.

L 3.33 1.12

0.08 1.23 14.7 0.56 Accepted

U 4.51 0.89

70

I do not help

anyone who has

met with the

accident on the

road. L 2.71 1.23

0.1 1.8 17.3 0.66 Accepted

U 3.93 1

71

The social

gatherings are

the waste of

time. L 2.68 1.1

0.11 1.25 11.1 0.54 Accepted

U 4.38 0.82

72

I am least

interested in

reading the

religious books. L 2.83 1.05

0.09 1.55 16.7 0.64 Accepted

U 4.12 1.03 73

I pray at home

every day. L 3.05 1.1 0.12 1.07 9.27 0.49 Rejected

U 3.98 1.02

74

My faith in the

God gets

stronger by

going to the

temple every

day.

L 3.32 1.14

0.12 0.66 5.71 0.33 Accepted

U 4.09 0.84 75

My changed emotions get expressed by my behaviour. L 3.36 1.03

0.09 0.73 7.69 0.44 Rejected

120

Sr. No.


SEd Mean Difference

t-value

r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 3.91 1.07

76

I am feared of

committing the

misdeed by

attending the

religious

programmes.

L 3.45 1.06

0.12 0.46 3.88 0.28 Rejected

U 4.35 1.03

77

There are more

disadvantages

of doing yoga

than its

advantages.

L 2.77 1.1

0.11 1.58 13.7 0.6 Accepted

U 3.14 1.32

78

The religious

ceremonies are

necessary for

worshiping the

God. L 3.18 1.27

0.15 0.04 0.27 0.03 Rejected

U 4.45 0.92 79

I have too much

love for my

life. L 3.15 1.17

0.11 1.3 12.3 0.58 Accepted

U 3.78 1.12

80

My personality

has become

religious by the

contact with the

religious Gurus.

L 3.16 1.05

0.12 0.62 5.04 0.34 Rejected

U 4.37 0.97

81

I do not do such

deed for which

my inner self

gets disturbed. L 3.19 1.15

0.11 1.18 10.7 0.55 Accepted

U 4.16 0.85 82

I give my time for the social works.

L 3.27 1.15 0.1 0.89 9.03 0.43 Accepted

121

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.57 0.57 83

I get self

satisfaction by

helping the

people. L 3.23 1.2

0.07 1.34 18.7 0.62 Accepted

U 4.52 0.81

84 I live with self

respect. L 3.25 1.18

0.09 1.27 13.4 0.57 Accepted

U 4.00 0.97

85

I believe that

the salvation is

the ultimate

aim of the

person. L 3.29 1.10

0.11 0.71 6.48 0.36 Accepted

U 3.43 1.29

86

I believe that a

person cannot

be made

religious with

the help of the

religious books.

L 2.58 1.11

0.14 0.85 6.01 0.33 Rejected

U 4.20 0.88

87

I do not get self

satisfaction by

doing the

prayers or

worship.

L 2.56 1.21

0.10 1.64 16 0.58 Accepted

U 4.11 0.89 88

I can get

respect from

the others. L 3.34 1.19

0.10 0.77 7.44 0.43 Rejected

U 4.3 0.63 89

I get creative

thoughts by

meditation. L 4.25 1.05

0.07 0.05 0.68 0.12 Rejected

122

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.35 0.66

90

I feel happy by

associating

myself with the

service to the

mankind.

L 3.57 0.97

0.08 0.78 10.4 0.51 Accepted

U 4.53 0.78 91

I am satisfied as

I am. L 3.48 1.1

0.09 1.05 11.6 0.54 Accepted

U 3.98 0.89

92

There is no

impact of the

preaching of

the religious

Gurus

(Masters) on

me.

L 2.83 1.14

0.1 1.15 11.3 0.47 Accepted

U 4.16 0.84

93

When I go to a

temple I don’t

realize the

presence of the

God there.

L 2.67 1.13

0.1 1.49 15.4 0.58 Accepted

U 3.77 1.01 94

I remain happy

in any kind of

the situation. L 3.27 1.02

0.11 0.5 4.48 0.28 Rejected

U 3.85 0.96

95

I am interested

in the social

rituals and

customs.

L 2.92 1.11

0.11 0.93 8.62 0.48 Accepted

U 4.35 0.79 96

I do any work

with self

confidence. L 3.1 1.01

0.09 1.25 14 0.63 Accepted

123

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.67 0.68

97

I believe that all

the religions

teach to live

with love,

compassion,

mercy and non

violence.

L 3.42 1.2

0.08 1.25 15.1 0.6 Accepted

U 4.44 0.7 98

I get mixed up

with the people

easily. L 3.24 0.98

0.08 1.2 15.1 0.64 Accepted

U 3.94 1.09 99

I cannot receive

sympathy and

love easily

from others. L 2.64 1.15

0.12 1.3 10.6 0.47 Accepted

U 4.21 0.9

100

The God shows

me a way in the

works that I do

in my life.

L 3.28 1.15

0.1 0.93 9.01 0.46 Rejected

U 3.82 1.44

101

I believe that

reading of the

religious books

is a waste of

time.

L 2.75 1.17

0.16 1.07 6.8 0.35 Accepted

U 3.94 0.78

102

I am willing to

be associated

with the

welfare centres

L 3.16 1.09 0.09 0.78 8.69 0.41 Rejected

124

Sr. No.


SEd Mean Difference

t-value

r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 3.93 0.92

103

I do not like to watch the programmes of yoga and meditation that are telecast on TV.

L 2.72 1.26

0.11 1.21 11.2 0.47 Accepted

U 3.91 0.88

104

I have attained

the real

meaning of the

religion by

attending

various

religious

gatherings.

L 3.25 1.24

0.10 0.66 6.35 0.33 Accepted

U 4.24 0.92

105

I do not behave

in such a

manner that

creates problem

for others.

L 3.45 1.1

0.1 0.79 7.62 0.43 Rejected

U 3.28 1.28

106

I do not

consider wrong

things of the

tainted religious

masters.

L 3.03 1.27

0.14 0.25 1.73 0.20 Rejected

U 2.91 1.61 107

I like to attend

the yoga

workshops. L 3.02 1.17

0.16 0.11 0.69 0.04 Rejected

U 3.87 1.00

108

I get inspired to

visit the

temples by

watching the

religious films.

L 3.26 1.24

0.11 0.61 5.31 0.31 Accepted

125

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.31 0.68

109

I get inspiration

from the God

for doing each

work.

L 3.22 1.19

0.08 1.09 13.3 0.54 Accepted

U 4.01 0.81 110

I help the

weaker sections

of the society. L 3.21 1.15

0.09 0.8 8.47 0.46 Rejected

U 4.52 0.61

111

I behave

equally with the

persons of each

class and

religion.

L 3.29 1.17

0.07 1.23 16.5 0.58 Accepted

U 4.18 1.01 112

My personality

is not

impressive. L 2.82 1.11

0.11 1.36 12 0.56 Accepted

U 4.49 0.73 113

I become sad

by watching the

sufferings of

the others. L 3.23 1.15

0.09 1.26 14.6 0.6 Accepted

U 4.38 0.75

114

The God shows

me the way

ahead in all the

situations of my

life. L 3.35 1.04

0.09 1.03 12.1 0.54 Accepted

U 4.52 0.76

115

My concentration increases with the help of meditation. L 3.26 1.17

0.09 1.26 14.1 0.58 Accepted

126

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 3.5 1.2 116

I cannot forgive

the person who

hurts me. L 2.79 1.24

0.14 0.71 5.26 0.31 Rejected

U 3.89 1.06

117

I do not have

any faith in

religious

beliefs.

L 1.8 1.09 0.12 2.09 17.7 0.68 Accepted

U 4.47 0.89

118

I believe that

the service of

mankind is real


0.1 1.07 10.6 0.45 Rejected

U 3.79 0.85

119

I do not like to

be associated

with the any

ritual

worshiping

organization.

L 2.71 1.13

0.1 1.08 11 0.48 Rejected

U 4.3 0.78 120

I do not know

the aim of my

life. L 2.87 1.08

0.09 1.43 16 0.58 Accepted

U 3.69 1.01 121

I cannot get the

work done from

my friends. L 2.77 1.19

0.12 0.92 7.99 0.43 Rejected

U 4.08 1.1

122 I help someone

only if I get any

benefit from it. L 2.91 1.15

0.12 1.17 9.48 0.47 Accepted

U 3.51 1.25 123

I feel

uneasiness from

inside. L 2.76 1.12

0.14 0.75 5.44 0.28 Accepted

127

Sr. No.


SEd Mean Difference

t-value

r Accepted

/ Rejected

U 4.63 0.62

124

I begin my day

by

remembering

the name of the

God.

L 3.06 1.11

0.07 1.57 21.2 0.68 Accepted

U 4.6 0.77

125

I enjoy

watching the

sufferings or

difficulties of

the people.

L 2.94 1.24

0.09 1.66 18.1 0.58 Accepted

U 4.28 0.78 126

I am aware of

my values and

beliefs. L 3.35 1.16

0.09 0.93 10.2 0.49 Accepted

U 3.15 1.37 127

I do not believe

in

reincarnation. L 3.13 1.22

0.15 0.02 0.13 0.04 Rejected

U 3.8 1.21 128

The God

always

punishes me. L 2.89 1.27

0.14 0.91 6.65 0.36 Accepted

U 4.08 1.31 129

I believe in the

equality of all

religions. L 2.87 1.2

0.15 1.21 8.3 0.44 Accepted

U 4.38 1.02 130

I do not like to

do the service

of the society. L 2.96 1.21

0.12 1.42 12.1 0.53 Accepted

U 4.42 0.72

131

I help the blind

or handicap

people in

crossing the

road.

L 3.14 1.09

0.08 1.28 15.2 0.63 Accepted

128

Sr.


Standard

Deviation SEd

Mean

Difference

t-

value r

Accepted

/

Rejected

U 4.41 0.94 132

I do not actively participate in the assembly prayer of the college. L 2.6 1.19

0.11 1.81 16.80 0.66 Accepted

U 4.00 1.26 133

I believe that by serving the people one do not get punya of serving the God.

L 2.58 1.19

0.14 1.42 10.10 0.47 Rejected

U 4.36 0.78

134

I feel that the

God is with me

while doing

each of my

work.

L 3.56 1.04

0.09 0.8 9.03 0.44 Rejected

U 4.48 0.93 135

According to

me the soul of a

man is eternal. L 3.27 1.32

0.11 1.21 10.90 0.48 Accepted

According to Table - 5.5 the researcher had calculated t-value and correlation for

each statement. Statistical analysis on Primary Spiritual Intelligence Scale was

conducted. Then according to t-value, correlation and on the basis of acceptance and

rejection, the statements were arranged in highest t-value to lowest value.

5.3.6 Final Form of the Scale

According to Table-5.6 given below, final form of the Spiritual Intelligence Scale was

prepared by the researcher. Researcher had decided that statements having t-value higher

than 2.58 and correlation higher than 0.30 were selected for final scale.

Total 10 statements from each dimension (6 positive and 4 Negative statements) were

considered in the final form of the scale. Statements selected for the final form of the

Spiritual Intelligence Scale are shown in table-5.6

129

Table-5.6

Statements Selected in Final Form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement

Statement No. In Final

Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

DIMENSSION- 1 God and Religious

1 124 I begin my day by remembering the name of the

God.

Positive 04 21.20 0.68

2 35 I believe that the prayer is the food for the soul. Positive 23 18.80 0.63

3 45 Prayer is the way towards the realization of the God. Positive 08 18.40 0.62

4 69 I believe that the God governs the whole world. Positive 37 14.70 0.56

5 109 I get inspiration from the God for doing each work. Positive 86 13.30 0.54

6 66 My inner self becomes pure by doing hymns of

God.

Positive 77 11.50 0.54

7 02 Doing the Bhajan – Kirtan (Holy

worship/Hymns of God) is a wastage of time.

Negative 15 19.80 0.71

8 132 I do not actively participate in the assembly prayer

of the college. Negative 69 16.80 0.66

129

130

Sr. No.

Statements No. In Primary Spiritual Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of Statement

Statement No. In Final Form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

t-value r

9 87 I do not get self satisfaction by doing the prayers or

worship.

Negative 60 16.00 0.58

10 25 I don’t believe in God. Negative 49 15.00 0.63

DIMENSSION- 2 Self-Awareness 1 96 I do any work with self confidence. Positive 02 14.00 0.63

2 84 I live with self respect. Positive 89 13.40 0.57

3 79 I have too much love for my life. Positive 11 12.30 0.58

4 91 I am satisfied as I am. Positive 03 11.60 0.54

5 81 I do not do such deed for which my inner self gets

disturbed.

Positive 81 10.70 0.55

6 46 I am aware of my abilities and weaknesses. Positive 24 09.59 0.47

7 112 My personality is not impressive. Negative 21 12.00 0.56

8 99 I cannot receive sympathy and love easily from

others.

Negative 52 10.60 0.47

9 65 I cannot decide my goal. Negative 10 07.38 0.39

10 32 I cannot control my feelings. Negative 45 07.23 0.40

130

131

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

DIMESSION-3 Religious Concept

1 97 I believe that all the religions teach to live with love,

compassion, mercy and non violence.

Positive 20 15.10 0.60

2 01 I celebrate every religious festival enthusiastically. Positive 14 13.50 0.54

3 129 I believe in the equality of all religions. Positive 07 08.30 0.44

4 55 I believe that philanthropy and worshiping the God

are the necessity for achieving salvation.

Positive 27 07.52 0.39

5 30 My religion suggests the way of non – violence. Positive 22 07.47 0.40

6 85 I believe that the salvation is the ultimate aim of the

person.

Positive 34 06.48 0.36

7 117 I do not have any faith in religious beliefs. Negative 01 17.70 0.68

8 38 I believe that to make the God glad, the animals

should be sacrificed.

Negative 74 16.80 0.64

9 11 I don’t accept the importance of the other religion. Negative 90 14.90 0.57

10 59 I keep fasts for making the God glad. Negative 70 06.06 0.30

131

132

Sr. No.

Statements No. In Primary Spiritual Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of Statement

Statement No. In Final Form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

t-value r

DIMESSION-4 Spiritual Changes

1 44 The reading of religious books leads a person on the

correct path.

Positive 31 20.80 0.64

2 16 By attending the Satsang (Spiritual Discourse), the

virtues like compassion, mercy and honesty are developed in me.

Positive 46 11.20 0.52

3 104 I have attained the real meaning of the religion by

attending various religious gatherings.

Positive 26 06.35 0.33

4 67 My beliefs regarding various religions get changed

by visiting various religious places.

Positive 33 05.73 0.34

5 74 My faith in the God gets stronger by going to the

temple every day.

Positive 83 05.71 0.33

6 108 I get inspired to visit the temples by watching the

religious films.

Positive 41 05.31 0.31

7 72 I am least interested in reading the religious books. Negative 40 16.70 0.64

8 92 There is no impact of the preaching of the religious

Gurus (Masters) on me.

Negative 80 11.30 0.47

132

133

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

9 48 There is no impact of the religious thoughts on my

personality.

Negative 05 10.80 0.49

10 101 I believe that reading of the religious books is a

waste of time.

Negative 13 06.80 0.35

DIMESSION-5 Religious Experience

1 50 I attain power for doing any work by doing prayer. Positive 87 13.10 0.54

2 42 I experience the God’s grace behind the success of

my each work.

Positive 82 12.60 0.54

3 05 I can have the realization of God by worshiping or

praying Him.

Positive 25 12.50 0.48

4 114 The God shows me the way ahead in all the

situations of my life.

Positive 78 12.10 0.54

5 13 I feel the existence of the God in every element of

the nature.

Positive 88 12.10 0.53

6 12 I feel being close to the God. Positive 29 08.28 0.45

133

134

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

7 93 When I go to a temple I don’t realize the presence of

the God there.

Negative 71 15.40 0.58

8 14 The God does not give the appropriate reward of my

work.

Negative 84 10.80 0.52

9 128 The God always punishes me. Negative 19 06.65 0.38

10 123 I feel uneasiness from inside. Negative 38 5.44 0.28

DIMESSION-6 Values

1 47 I have compassion for the poor people. Positive 43 15.20 0.65

2 113 I become sad by watching the sufferings of the

others.

Positive 30 14.60 0.60

3 68 I believe that the character is the real strength. Positive 85 12.80 0.56

4 58 I am proud of my country’s culture. Positive 75 12.50 0.54

5 126 I am aware of my values and beliefs. Positive 12 10.20 0.49

6 21 I don’t believe in the differences of religion and

race.

Positive 09 06.83 0.37

134

135

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

7 61 I copy in the exams. Negative 06 19.90 0.74

8 33 I exploit others for gaining money. Negative 28 12.50 0.57

9 29 I don’t keep the promises given to others. Negative 66 11.90 0.57

10 40 I envy my friends. Negative 55 10.30 0.50

DIMESSION-7 Helping Nature

1 36 I believe that helping in the difficult time is

humanity.

Positive 32 25.00 0.70

2 83 I get self satisfaction by helping the people. Positive 39 18.70 0.62

3 04 The service done without any expectation is the real

service.

Positive 36 17.20 0.63

4 131 I help the blind or handicap people in crossing the

road. Positive 67 15.20 0.63

5 90 I feel happy by associating myself with the service

to the mankind.

Positive 58 10.40 0.51

6 23 I believe that ‘The service of the People is the

service to the God’

Positive 48 06.31 0.37

135

136

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

7 125 I enjoy watching the sufferings or difficulties of the

people.

Negative 79 18.10 0.58

8 70 I do not help anyone who has met with the accident on the road.

Negative 76 17.30 0.66

9 60 I do not waste my time in listening to and removing

the sufferings of the people.

Negative 62 11.70 0.54

10 122 I help someone only if I get any benefit from it. Negative 47 09.48 0.47

DIMESSION-8 Social Maturity

1 19 I believe that each person has unique importance in

the society.

Positive 16 16.50 0.61

2 111 I behave equally with the persons of each class and

religion.

Positive 72 16.50 0.58

3 98 I get mixed up with the people easily. Positive 44 15.10 0.64

4 37 I keep on trying for removing the superstitions and

rigid customs prevalent in the society.

Positive 57 11.30 0.54

5 82 I give my time for the social works. Positive 65 09.03 0.43

6 95 I am interested in the social rituals and customs. Positive 73 08.62 0.48

136

137

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

7 130 I do not like to do the service of the society. Negative 35 12.10 0.53

8 71 The social gatherings are the waste of time. Negative 42 11.10 0.54

9 57 I do not like to be present in the social occasions. Negative 68 10.80 0.48

10 10 I cannot easily mix up with the people in society. Negative 18 09.05 0.43

DIMESSION-9 Soul, Meditation and Yoga

1 34 I believe that the salvation can be achieved by the

purification of the soul.

Positive 54 19.70 0.68

2 3 I believe that the diseases can be cured with the help

of Yoga.

Positive 64 15.30 0.57

3 115 My concentration increases with the help of

meditation.

Positive 59 14.10 0.58

4 135 According to me the soul of a man is eternal. Positive 50 10.90 0.48

5 22 My inner abilities are developed by meditation and

yoga.

Positive 56 10.60 0.r2

137

138

Sr.

No.

Statements No. In

Primary Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

Statements Type of

Statement


Form of Spiritual

Intelligence Scale

t-value r

6 62 I believe that the meditation is the connection with

the God.

Positive 61 07.57 0.44

7 49 I don’t spare any time for meditation or yoga. Negative 63 06.87 0.36

8 120 I do not know the aim of my life. Negative 17 16.00 0.58

9 77 There are more disadvantages of doing yoga than its

advantages.

Negative 51 13.70 0.60

10 103 There are more disadvantages of doing yoga than its

advantages.

Negative 53 11.20 0.47

138

139

According to table-5.6 total 90 statements were selected for the final form of the

Spiritual Intelligence Scale. After discussion with the guide and experts, the

researcher had decided to select 10 statements from each dimension. Out of 10

statements 06 positive statements and 04 negative statements having high t-value

and correlation(r) were selected and remaining statements were considered to be

rejected for final form of spiritual intelligence scale. Final form of the Spiritual

Intelligence Scale in Gujarati Version is attached in Appendix-C and English

Version is attached in Appendix-C (I).

5.3.7 Scoring Method of the Scale

After preparing final form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale the determination of

method of scoring of the scale is very important. So, research had finalized the

scoring method shown in Table-5. 7.

Table-5.7

Method of Scoring of Final form of Spiritual Intelligence Scale

SCORES Sr.

No.

Type of

Statement

Statement No.

Strongly

Agree

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree

1 Positive

02,03,04,07,08,09,11,12,14,

16,22,23,24,25,26,27,29,30,

31 ,32, 33,34,36,37,39,41,

43, 44,46,48,50,54,56,57,

58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 72,

73, 75,77,78,81,82,83,85,

86, 87,88,89

5 4 3 2 1

2 Negative

1, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18,

19, 21, 28, 35, 38, 40, 42,

45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55,

60, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69,

70,71,74, 76, 79, 80, 84, 90

1 2 3 4 5

Note : t Statements on which more than one response is given or no response

given are scored zero marks.

t Based on the above, the total score for each student is obtained.

140

5.3.8 Manual for Spiritual Intelligence Scale

After final form of spiritual intelligence scale prepared investigator had

prepared manual for this scale. Which consist of Scoring methods, reliability,

validity and norms of the scale. Manual is attached in Appendix-D.

5.4.0 Conclusion

In the present chapter, various steps of construction of the Spiritual

Intelligence Scale like dimensions, construction of statements, review of the

statements by experts, Pre-Piloting of the Scale, Pilot tryout of the Scale, Item

Analysis, Final Form of the Scale, Method of Scoring Scale are discussed in

detail.

CHAPTER-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE...

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