C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Introduction to Tourism Transport

SVEN GROSS LOUISA KLEMMER

COMPLIMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Introduction to Tourism Transport

COMPLIMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Chapter 5

Buses and Motor Coaches

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Buses and Motor Coaches

• bus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry more than 24 persons (including the driver), and with provision to carry seated as well as standing passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)

• motor coach: passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat 24 or more persons (including the driver) and constructed exclusively for the carriage of seated passengers (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)

• minibus: passenger road motor vehicle designed to carry 10–23 seated or standing persons (including the driver) (Glossary of Transport Statistics, 2009)

• trolleybus: a mode of transit service using vehicles propelled by a motor drawing current from overhead wires via connecting poles called a trolley poles from a central power source not on board the vehicle (APTA, 2011)

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: compiled by the author

Types of Bus Service and the North American Industrial Classification (NAICS)

Types of bus service

Regular services

- urban transit systems

- interurban and rural bus transportation

Special regular services

- school and employee bus transportation

- other ground passenger transportation (shuttle)

Occasional services

- charter bus industry

- scenic/sightseeing transportation

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: Vehicle & Operator Services Agency, 2011

Institutional FrameworkCurrent limits on drivers' hours as specified by EU rules as of 2011

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Institutional FrameworkFederal regulations regarding the maximum hours for bus and coach drivers in the USA

• No motor carrier shall permit or require any driver used by it to drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle, nor shall any such driver drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle:

• More than 10 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty; or

• For any period after having been on duty 15 hours following 8 consecutive hours off duty.

• No motor carrier shall permit or require a driver of a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle to drive, nor shall any driver drive a passenger-carrying commercial motor vehicle, regardless of the number of motor carriers using the driver's services, for any period after

• having been on duty 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier does not operate commercial motor vehicles every day of the week; or

• having been on duty 70 hours in any period of 8 consecutive days if the employing motor carrier operates commercial motor vehicles every day of the week

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: OECD, 2011

DemandPassenger Transport by Bus and Coach

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200880

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

EU

OECD

ITF

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: Eurostat, 2012

DemandEU-27 performance by mode for passenger transport

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Powered 2-wheelers Buses & Coaches Railways Tram & MetroAir Sea Passenger Cars

Scal

e fo

r oth

er m

odes

in th

ouds

and

mio

. p-k

m

Pass

enge

r Car

s sca

le

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: Adapted from Pompl, 1997

SupplySuppliers of coach tourism

Suppliers of coach tourism

Tour operators

Traditional tour operators

e.g. TUI, Thomas Cook

Special tour operators, e.g. for study trips

(Studiosus, STA Travel)

Original suppliers of coach tourism products

Bus companiese.g. Greyhound

Bus tour operatorse.g. Diamond Tours

DB AG Other suppliers(non-touristic)

Sales companies(promotional trips)

Trade chains

Associations

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S

Source: Nathan Associates Inc., 2008

SupplyPercentage of service provided by coach operators

Charters46%

Scheduled27%

Commuter10%

Tour8%

Special opera-tions4%

Airport shuttle3%

Sightseeing2%

C A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T SC A B I T O U R I S M T E X T S