Chapter VSUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents the summary of findings as well as the conclusions and recommendations based on the findings.SummaryRestatement of the ProblemThis study was undertaken to determine the adherence ethical standards of local government employees in the selected municipalities of Western Pangasinan, it identify and compare the variables associated with awareness of the R.A. 6713 code of ethical standards for government employees.Specifically this study shall answer the following questions:1. What is the profile of employees in the three classes of local government in terms of:1.1. Age; 1.2. Gender;1.3. Religion;1.4. Civil Status;1.5. Educational Attainment;1.6. Length of Service?2. What is the level of adherence to Ethical Standards of the local government employees as perceived by local government employees themselves alongside the following norms of ethical conduct:a. Commitment to Public Interest;b. Professionalism;c. Justness and Sincerity;d. Political Neutrality;e. Responsiveness to the public; andf. Simple Living?3. Are there significant differences in the level of adherence to the Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees of the local government employees in the three classes of local government units?4. Are there significant differences in the level of adherence to the Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees of the local government employees when grouped according to their personal profile?

Restatement of HypothesesThe study tested the following hypotheses at the 0.5 level of significance:1. There are no significant differences between the perceptions of local government employees on the adherence to the norms of ethical conduct embodied in R.A 6713 in the three Municipality classes.2. There are no significant differences in the level of adherence to the norms of ethical conduct of the local government employees when grouped according to:2.1 age; 2.2 gender;2.3 religion;2.4 civil status;2.5 educational attainment; and2.6 length of service

MethodologyThis is a descriptive study which involved the employees of three municipal classes particularly the municipalities of Bolinao (First Class), Aguilar (Third Class) and Burgo(Fouth Class). The three municipalities served as the strata where 80% of the total number of employees from each municipality were taken as respondents and were selected through random sampling.A total of 248 employees were selected and served as respondents for the study. Out of 248, 102 were selected from Bolinao, 101 from Aguilar and 45 from Burgos.The questionnaire on adherence to ethical standards was the main tool in gathering data for this study. Data were gathered from the selected respondents after permission from the local executive from each local government units has been sought. Informal interview were also conducted to some of the respondents to countercheck their responses in the questionnaire.After retrieving all the questionnaires, data were collated, organized and analyzed using frequencies and percentages, weighted means, t test of difference between means of two independent samples and F test using One Way Analysis of Variance.

FindingsAge. Out of the 248 respondents, 87 or 35.08% belong to age bracket 36 45 while 21 or 8.47% are 25 years old or younger. Substantial numbers were also found for the age ranges 26 35 (79 or 31.85%) and 46 55 (47 or 18.95%) and there were only few employees who are 56 years old and above (14 or 5.65%).Gender. Majority of the respondents (158 or 63.71%) are females, only 90 or 36.29% are males.Religion. More than three fourths (191 or 77.02%) are Catholics whike only 28 or 22.98% are non - Catholics.Civil Status. Out of the 248 respondents, 158 or 63.71% are married and 69 or 27.81% are with single status. The rest of the respondents are separated (6 or 2.42%) and widow/widower (15 or 6.05%).Educational Attainment. On highest educational attainment, 163 or 65.73% have finished bachelors degree, 32 or 12.90% have earned some masteral units, 41 or 16.3% have finished some years in college and 9 or 3.63% have MA titles to their names. However, there are still those who are high school graduates only.Monthly Salary. More than four fifths (204 or 81.85%) of the total number of respondents have monthly salaries ranging from Php 5,000 and above and only 45 or 18% are receiving monthly salaries below Php 5,000. This trend is true to all municipal classes.Length of Service. Out of 248 respondents, 110 or 44.35% have been serving the local government agencies for 1 10 years, 78 or 31.45% for 11 - 20 years and 60 or 24% for 21 years or more.

Level of Adherence to Ethical Standards of the Local Government EmployeesCommitment to Public. The employees in the three municipalities are fairly satisfied along salary and other benefits (ranging from 2.84 3.28%).Professionalism. In terms of technical supervision the employees have fair level of job satisfaction (means ranging from 3.31 3.38).Justness and Sincerity. The employees are fairly satisfied when it comes to their working condition as indicated by the composite means of 3.03, 3.11, 3.18 and 3.09.Political Neutrality. Generally, the employees in the three local government units are satisfied in terms of their interpersonal relationships as manifested by the composite means of 3.73, 3.43, 3.76 and 3.61.Responsiveness to the Public. As far as policy and administration is concerned, the employees of the three municipalities have fair level of job satisfaction as revealed by the composite means of 3.14, 3.21, 3.20 and 3.18. Simple Living. Generally, the employees are fairly satisfied in terms of incentives like giving monetary and non monetary rewards for outstanding services rendered by them, loyalty pay, hazard pay, productivity incentive bonus and monetization of leave credits, as revealed by the composite means of 2.84, 2.90, 2.78 and 2.84 as well as the job related factors and their overall job satisfaction.The level of adherence to ethical Standards of the employees in the first, third, fourth class municipalities range from fairly satisfied to satisfied. They are satisfied in terms of interpersonal relationships but fairly satisfied in terms of salary and other benefits, technical supervision, working condition, policy administration and incentives. These bring about a fair level of job satisfaction of the employees as evidenced by the obtained general means of 3.18, 3.17 and 3.18.Differences in the Level of Adherence to Ethical Standers of the RespondentsThere exist no significant differences in the overall level of job satisfaction of the employees in the three municipalities as indicated by the obtained F ratio of 0.003 with probability of 0.995 which is a very much higher than the 0.005 level of significance. Hence, regardless of municipal class, the employees have more or less the same level of job satisfaction. Except for interpersonal relationship, the employees in the different municipalities are fairly satisfied and have more or less the same level of job satisfaction derived from salary and other benefits ( F ratio = 2.484, p = 0.86), technical supervision (F ratio = 0.987, p = 0.374), working condition ( F ratio = 0.885, p = 0.414), policy and administration (F ratio = 0.205, p = 0.815), and incentives (F ratio = 0.348, p = 0.706) as evidenced by the obtained F ratios ranging from 0.205 2.484 with probabilities greater than the 0.05 level of significance.In terms of interpersonal relationships, there exist significant differences in the level of job satisfaction of the employees (F ratio = 5.772, p = 0.004) with the employees in the first (Mean = 3.73) and fourth class (Mean = 3.76) municipalities are more satisfied in their jobs along interpersonal relationship than those from the third class (Mean = 3.43) municipality who are found to be only fairly satisfied.

Differences in the Level of Adherence of the Respondents Grouped According to Profile Variables

According to Age. There exist significant differences in the level of job satisfaction of the employees along technical supervision (F ratio = 2.515, p = 0.042) Thus, the level of job satisfaction of employees who are 56 years old or older (Mean = 3.74, satisfied) having the highest mean is significantly higher than the level of job satisfaction of the employees in the other age groups with 25 years and below having the lowest mean (Mean = 3.13, fairly manifested).In the other job related factors, the level of job satisfaction in the different age groups are not significantly different (F ratios ranging from 0.373 2.373). On the whole, the employees in the different age groups have more or less the same level of job satisfaction (F ratio = 1.455, p = 0.216).According to Gender. Both male and female employees have more or less the same level of job satisfaction derived from each job related factors as well as in their overall job satisfaction (t values ranging from 0.000 1.586_ with probabilities greater than 0.05 probability level.According to Religion. Along working condition, although the mean levels of job satisfaction of Catholics (Mean = 3.04) and non Catholics (Mean = 3.28) have the same descriptive ratings, they are found to be significantly different (difference = 0.24, t value = 2.431, p = 0.008).With respect to the other job related factors, the level of job satisfaction of the two groups (Catholics and non Catholics) are more or less the same level as indicated by the obtained t values which are all insignificant which means the employees, whether Catholics and non Catholics, have more or less the same level of job satisfaction.On the whole, the mean level of overall job satisfaction of the non Catholics (Mean = 3.27) is not significantly different from that of the Catholic Employees (Mean = 3.13) as manifested by the obtained (t value = 1.136, difference = 0.14) which has an associated probability of 0.142 which is greater than the 0.05 level of significance.According to Civil Status. When grouped according to civil status, three groups (single , married, separated/widow/er) have more or less the same level of job satisfaction along salary and other benefits, technical supervision, working condition, interpersonal relationship, policy and administration incentives as well as in their overall job satisfaction ( F ratios ranging from 0.001 to 1.597) with associated probabilities which are all greater than the 0.05 level of significance.According to Educational Attainment. No significant differences exist in the mean levels of job satisfaction of the employees grouped according to educational attainment (F ratios ranging from 0.002 to 1.020 with their associated probabilities which are all greater than the 0.05 level of significance.According to Length of Service. In terms of working conditions, there exist significant differences in the mean levels of job satisfaction of the employees when grouped according to length of service (F ratio = 4.702, p = .009) Thus employees who have been in the service for 21 years or more are satisfied than those with lesser number of years in the service.Along interpersonal relationship, there exist significant differences in the mean level of job satisfaction of the three groups of respondents (F ratio = 4.813, p = 0.008) where those who have been in the service for 1- 10 years being more satisfied than the other two groups.Along the other job related factors as well as the overall job satisfaction, the employees have more or less the same level of job satisfaction (F ratios ranging from 0.615 to 2.223 and probabilities ranging from 0.109 to 0.542).

ConclusionsBased on the findings, the following were drawn:The employees in the three local government units involved in this study are relatively young, majority of them are females, Catholics, married, college graduates, and have been in the service ranging from 1 to more than 21 years.The employees in the three local government units have more or less the same level of adherence to ethical standards in terms of commitment public interest, professionalism, justness and sincerity, political neutrality, responsiveness to the public and simple living. as well as their overall level of adherence to ethical standards.The ethical standards related factors really contribute to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the employees to their jobs when grouped according to profile variables. Although these factors are present, they are still considered deficient since the employees were able to derive only a fair level of job satisfaction.RecommendationsBased on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are advanced:1. Local chief executives should endeavor to improve the working conditions of their employees and see to it that incentives are given to them to improve their level of job satisfaction.2. Employees should strengthen their interpersonal relationship with their fellow employees to improve their working condition and atmosphere which promoted higher level of job satisfaction among them.3. Policies should be well defined and administration should see to it that these are disseminated to all employees to promote understanding among superiors and subordinates which would lead to greater satisfaction among employees.4. A similar study should be undertaken by considering a wider scope to further validate the findings of this study.