Chapter 5
Transcript of Chapter 5
Public Policing and Private Security
Chapter 5
History of Police
Sir Robert Peel
Early Police Agencies
Professionalism
Technology
Texas State Patrol
The History of PoliceThe London Metropolitan Police
Sir Robert Peel’s legislation established the first organized police force in London Still plagued by corruption Unsuccessful at stopping crime Influenced by the wealthy
The History of PoliceLaw Enforcement in Colonial America
paralleled the British model Kept the peace and fought crime, also
collected taxes and supervised elections In rural areas, “slave patrols”
were an early form of law enforcement
The History of PoliceEarly Police Agencies
Boston, New York, Philadelphia Political Primitive Little training No education in the law Minimum supervision Unlimited discretion
The History of PoliceTwentieth-Century Reform
Police administrative boards to reduce corruption
State legislator takeover
The History of PoliceThe Emergence of Professionalism
The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Civil service police force Centralized organizational structure Specialized units
August Vollmer Instituting university training for young
officers.
The History of Police Technology
The first technological breakthrough in policing came in the area of communication
The History of Police Texas
formed the first statewide police agency in 1835
Modern Policing
Rising Crime Rate
LEAA
Unions
Rodney King
Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990sPolicing in the 1960s
U.S. Supreme Court Decisions designed to control police operations and procedures
Growing tension between police and public
Growing crime rate
Modern Policing from the 1960’s to the 1990’sPolicing in the 1970s
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) devoted a significant portion of its funds to police agencies Much of which was used for advanced
training of officers and research
Women and minority recruits
Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990sPolicing in the 1980s
The police role was changing Police unions began to grow End of LEAA
Modern Policing from the 1960s to the 1990sPolicing in the 1990s
Rodney King prompted an era of reform Reforms Community policing Diversity in police departments
Video: Crime Fighting
Does this video conform to what you thought the duties of a police officer involved?
Why or why not? How do you think these duties will be different in 10 years? 20 years?
Video: Discussion Questions
Policing Today
USDOJ
DHS
State, County, Local
Policing and Law Enforcement TodayThe U.S. Department of Justice is the
legal arm of the federal government Headed by the U.S. Attorney General Maintains several separate divisions that
are responsible for enforcing federal laws and protecting U.S. citizens Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms and Explosives (ATF) U.S. Marshals
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Preventing terrorist attacks within the
United States, reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimizing the damage and aiding recovery from attacks that do occur Customs and Border Protection Immigration and Customs Enforcement U.S. Secret Service
Policing and Law Enforcement Today State Law Enforcement Agencies
Legislatively created to deal with the growing incidence of crime in nonurban areas
County Law Enforcement Agencies Some sheriff’s departments are exclusively law
enforcement oriented; some carry out only court-related duties; some are involved solely in correctional and judicial matters, and not in law enforcement
Local Law Enforcement Agencies make up the majority of the nation’s authorized law
enforcement personnel.
Private Policing
Private Security Video
Private Policing
Comparisons
Video: Private Security
How are private police different from public police?
Do you support the presence of private police in today’s criminal justice system? Why or why not?
Video: Discussion Questions
Private PolicingA multi-billion-dollar industry
Well in excess of 10,000 firms More than 2 million employees
Some private security firms have become billion-dollar companies
Private Policing Reasons for Private Policing
Nongovernmental provision of important services, particularly crime control
Growth of mass private property
Belief that government police are not capable of providing the level of service and presence that the public desires
Private Policing Criticisms of Private Policing
Motive Replace government Applicability of Fourth Amendment
Private security guards are subject to Fourth Amendment requirements if they are performing services that are traditionally reserved for the police.
Private and Public Policing ComparedFocus on loss instead of crimePreventive methodsPrivate justicePrivate property
Types of Private PolicingProtective policing Intelligence policingPublicly contracted policingCorporate policing
Technology
IdentifyingLocating
InvestigatingMapping
FingerprintingBiometrics
DNASocial Media
Technology and Law Enforcement Identifying Criminals
Linking computer software Computerized imaging systems Data mining
Locating Criminals Gun detectors CCTV Enclosed Space Detection Systems Thermal imagers
Technology and Law EnforcementCrime Scene Investigation
High-definition surveying (HDS)
Crime Mapping Hot spots Alternative mapping initiatives GPS
Violent Crime in Providence, Rhode Island
Video: Fingerprinting
Discuss what fingerprint software does?
Why is fingerprint software better than using paper fingerprints?
Video: Discussion Questions
Technology and Law EnforcementBiometrics
Fingerprint identification Voice Retina Facial features Handwriting
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) A computerized fingerprint system
Technology and Law EnforcementDNA Testing
RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) FBI Forensic Science Research and
Training Center Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
Technology and Law EnforcementSocial Media and Networking
Facebook MySpace Twitter
Lets Discuss Positives and Negatives Departments Use Officers Use