Chapter-4.docx

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA

This chapter presents, analyses, and interprest the

data gathered by the researchers.

1. Best Proportion of Su!r C!ne As" to Pro#u$e %u!&it'

Con$rete Ho&&o( B&o$)s

In order to determine the best proportion of mixing

sugarcane ash to concrete hollow blocks, two trials were

conducted. The first trial consisted of 10% sugarcane ash

while the second trial had 20% sugarcane ash. The two trials

were subected to !merican "tandard for Testing #aterials

$!"T# &'()&(*1+ or thestandard test method for compressie

strength of cylindrical concrete specimens at the -epartment

of ublic /orks and ighways $- 2 in "an Isidro uea

cia. Table 1 shows the result of the test.

The table shows that the compressie strength test

containing trial 31 with 10% sugarcane ash needed +.400 kg

to completely break the specimen. It obtained a compressie

strength of '56.7' pounds $psi s8uare inch or 2.+7 mega*

ascal $#a. 9n the other hand, trial 32 with 20% sugarcane

ash needed a much higher force of 5000 kg to completely

break the specimen with compressie strength of '6(.(2 psi


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or 2.4( #a. :oth samples underwent seen days curing period

due to time constraints.

:ased on the result of the tests, the researchers

considered a higher percentage of sugarcane ash to be mixed

with concrete hollow blocks. They use the sample mixture for

their next tests.

T!*&e 1

Co+pressie Strent" Test of CHB (it" Different

Su!r$!ne As" Per$ent!e

Trial

ercentage of

sugarcane ash

;esult of

&ompressie

"trength Test

&uring -ays

kg psi #a

31 10% +400 '56.7' 2.+7 7

32 20% 5000 '6(.(2 2.4( 7

-. Co+p!rison of CHB (it" su!r$!ne !s" (it" t"e $o++er$i!&

CHB

-.1 Co+pressie Strent"

The result on the test subected to !"T# &'()&(*1+ or

the standard test method for compressie strength of

cylindrical concrete specimens. Trial 32 with 20% sugarcane


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ash was considered in comparing with common concrete hollow

blocks. The result of the test was shown in Table 2.

T!*&e -

Co+p!rison of Co++on CHB (it" t"!t of CHB (it" Su!r$!ne As"

!s to Co+pressie Strent" Test

Trial

ercentage of

sugarcane ash

;esult of

&ompressie

"trength Test

&uring

-ays

kg psi #a

31 0% 2000 155.(

7

1.06 7

32 20% 5000 '6(.(

2

2.4( 7

The aboe table indicates that the result of the

compressie strength haing no sugarcane ash re8uires lesser

force $2,000 kg to break the specimen. The specimen haing

20% sugarcane ash needs 5,000 kg*force. &omparing the

compressie strength of the two specimens, the common &:

has 155.(7 psi or 1.06 #a while specimen with 20% sugarcane

ash has '6(.(2 psi or 2.4( #a.


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compression. ence, inclusion of sugarcane ash can be ery

effectie admixture to concrete hollow blocks

-.- B&o$) Densit'

In determining the block density of a particular

specimen, it should be dried in constant mass in a suitable

oen heated to approximately 10000& and cooling the specimen

to room temperature. The dimensions of each specimen shall

be measured in meters to the nearest centimeter and the

oerall olume must be computed in cubic meters. The block

shall be weighed in kilograms to the nearest ten grams. The

density of each block calculated as follows=

-ensity >m

v inkg

m3

The concrete block density can range from less than 65

pounds per cubic foot $pcf to more than 1+0 pcf. The

following load bearings must be considered=

?oad bearing &: > 1+0 *150 pcf

?oad bearing properties all concrete masonry units

regardless of density must conform to !"T# & (0. @nits must

hae minimum compressie unit strength of 1(00 psi $'1.1

#a.


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?ower density units reduce the dead load on supporting

beams, columns A foundation of structure. This is especially

important in mid*rise or high rise structures. ?ower density

units also reduce inertia of masonry wall, which improes

the buildings seismic performance and makes masonry a more

structurally efficient material.

igh density $- concrete blocks proide protection for a

range of scenarios. They are made to site*specific special

re8uirements for gamma and neutron radiation with fie

standard densities. In new construction or room upgrades,

the interlocking design of - block ensures shielding

integrity. igh density concrete blocks are an ideal

solution for therapeutic modalities including linear

accelerators, proton therapy, and -; rooms, as well as

industrial applications re8uiring shielding materials. They

can be utiliBed for maBe walls and complete ault

construction with or without mortar, depending on physic

re8uirement and construction design

igh density concrete is a ery cost effectie solution to

lead brick shielding that would normally be used in new or

upgraded construction linear accelerator or rooms. It

significant reduces the amount of shielding necessary to


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obtain the desired protection leels. The comparison of

common &: with that of &: with sugarcane ash as to block

density was presented in Table '.

T!*&e


!s to B&o$) Densit'

Croup

&lassificatio

n

ercentage of

sugarcane ash

to cement

#ass

$kg

Dolume

m':lock

-ensity

Eg)m'

&ontrol Croup 0% 6.5 +.45 x 10*' 1625.'6

xperimental

Croup 20% 6.1 +.45 x 10*' 17'(.+6

It can be gleaned from the table that the experimental

group haing 20% sugarcane ash has a lower block density of

1,7'(.+6 kg)m' when compared to the control group $no

sugarcane ash of 1,625.'6 block density. It means to say

that the experimental group can reduce inertia of masonry

wall that can improe the structureFs seismic performance

and makes masonry a more structurally efficient material.

-. /!ter A*sorption


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The researchers also tested their samples in accordance

to !"T# -570 commonly known as G/ater !bsorption TestH. It

is obsered in Table + that the hollow blocks produced with

sugarcane ash showed low water absorption $(.66%, when

compared to the control ones $11.74%.

The result of the study signifies that ery low water

absorption offers stronger resistance to water leakage and

also withstand aderse weather condition. ence, the use of

sugarcane ash in concrete hollow blocks is ery effectie in

filling the capillary spaces, improing the mechanical

strength and impermeability of the matrix $!"T# &55*112J.

The following formula was used by the researchers in order

to determine the water absorption of the control and

experimental group.

waterabsorption ( )=wetmassdrymass

Dry mass x100

T!*&e 4


!s to /!ter A*sorption

Trial

ercent of

sugarcane

/et

#ass

-ry #ass

$kg

/ater

!bsorption


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ash present $kg $%

Croup !

&ontrol

Croup

0% (.5 6.5 11.74

Croup :

xperimental

Croup

20% 6.( 6.1 (.66

-.4 E$ono+i$ !&ue

!s of


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countries second to Thailand according to

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