Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy...
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Transcript of Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy...
![Page 1: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 4A
A Tour of the Cell
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Cytology: science/study of cells
Light microscopyElectron microscopyTEM~ electron beam to study cell detailSEM~ electron beam to study cell surfacesCell fractionation~ cell separation; organelle studyUltracentrifuges~ cell fractionation; 130,000 rpm
![Page 3: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Electron Micrograph
![Page 4: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cell Types: Prokaryotic
Nucleoid: DNA concentrationNo organelles with membranesRibosomes: protein synthesisPlasma membrane (all cells); semi-permeableCytoplasm/cytosol (all cells)
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Cell Size
As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreasesRates of chemical exchange may then be inadequate for cell sizeCell size, therefore, remains small
![Page 7: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nucleus
Contains the Genetic materialChromatin (chromosomes)Nucleolus: rRNA; ribosome synthesisDouble membrane envelope with poresProtein synthesis/Transcription (mRNA copies DNA)
![Page 9: Chapter 4A A Tour of the Cell. Cytology: science/study of cells Light microscopy Electron microscopy TEM~ electron beam to study cell detail SEM~ electron.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f465503460f94c67c45/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Ribosomes
Protein manufactureFree - cytosol; produce proteins that function in the cellBound – rough endoplasmic reticulum; found on surface membranes; manufacture proteins that are exported from the cellComposed of 2 subunits (rRNA & protein)
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Endomembrane System, I
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)Continuous with nuclear envelopeSmooth ER - no ribosomes; synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates; detoxification of drugs and poisonsRough ER - with ribosomes; synthesis of secretory proteins (glycoproteins); membrane production
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Endomembrane System, II
Golgi apparatus - ER products are modified, stored, and then shippedCisternae: flattened membranous sacs making up Golgitrans face (shipping) & cis face (receiving)Transport vesicles pinch off of ends of Golgi
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Endomembrane System, III
Lysosomes - sac of hydrolytic enzymes; digestion of macromoleculesPhagocytosisAutophagy: recycle cell’s own organic materialTay-Sachs disease~ lipid-digestion disorder
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Endomembrane system, IV
Vacuoles -membrane-bound sacs (larger than vesicles)Food Vacuole (phagocytosis)Contractile (pump excess water)Central (storage in plants) •tonoplast membrane