Chapter 4 Using Popular Culture as a Light: Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis, and War
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Using Popular Culture as a Light: Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis, and War
• Chapter 4
Using Popular Culture as a Light:
Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis,and War
Levels of Analysis
Provide a means to organize systematic
thinking about world politics
System Level
Anarchy
“Security Dilemma”
Which system will be most
stable?
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Major shifts in power capabilities are associated with war
Alliance Patterns Balancing & Bandwagoning
Balance in technology between
offense and defense
Interdependence through international norms, organizations,
and institutions can provide alternatives to use of force
Capitalism can produce imperialist war due to intensifying competition
Critical and Feminist Scholarship
State Level
Democracies are unlikely to fight against each other
A leader in trouble may use an external conflict to divert the public’s attention
away from domestic problems
Social Influences
Does the public want war or peace? How much are people willing to suffer?
Does the economic system encourage expansion, imperialism, or are its features benign?
Biologically-oriented drive to control territory
Human nature
Individual Level
Problems facing decision-makers
• Belief Systems
• Personalities
• Physical and Mental Health
• Perceptions
Bureaucracies can help or hinder war
Foreign Policy Role Playing
diplomacy vs. military
Levels of AnalysisWar of the Ring
Capability distributions evolve and impact
war’s likelihood
Many in Middle Earth are concerned about the growing presence of
Sauron
Balancing of power is most evident
in the Fellowship
Bandwagoning is seen in
Saruman’s side-switching
Minas Tirith and Helm’s Deep were
very well fortified and difficult to attack
Interdependence at very low level in Middle Earth –
alliances tend to be temporary
Middle Earth is populated overwhelmingly by autocracies
Rohan Mordor Gondor
Dangers of unchecked personal power and inadequacies of monarchical
systems
Women’s political influence is indirect and
through marriage or family
connections
Levels of Analysis and World War 1
Europe plunged into war due to its
multipolar nature
Fighting in World War 1 was dominated by defensive weaponry
Capitalist economic
system was principal
underlying reason for war
Nationalism was pervasive and reinforced rivalries
Disintegration of Ottoman, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian Empires
opened door to war
Germany had been gaining
power and influence,
but had internal tensions
Weak leadership was linked to the dynastic systems that produced them
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany
Tsar Nicholasof Russia
Post-Cold War, the US had full
discretion in intervening around the
globe
• DPRK• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsDSbmQR9lc• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZsVP2WoE9E• http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/27/19703009-north-korea-marks-60-years-since-korean-war-with-massive
-victory-day-parade?lite
• Critical theory• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uz0tINoLEr0• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbQE5DZuJqU
• Comfort women• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-UwU1-RVWs