Chapter 4

Sections 1-2, p. 156-174

Lisa McWilliams, James Askew, Noah Durham

Secession:

P: creating own judicial system

E: creating own monetary system (money)

D: trade

S: copy constitution or create your own

Popular Sovereignty:

P: vote to be slave state or non-slave state (Utah and New Mexico only)

E: buy slaves or not buy slaves

D: slave states and non-slave states won’t get along

S: no more disputes for slave and non-slave states/some opposed some agreed

Underground Railroad:

P: illegal to hide fugitives/runaway slaves

E: people lost their “free labour”

D: North vs. South/ free vs. unfree

S: runaway slaves escaping to the North

Harriet Tubman:

P: supported free slave act and abolition

E: free labour was gone to slave owners

D: S: she helped slaves escape to the North

Harriet Beecher Stowe:

P: struggle of slavery between North and South

E: Published a book

D: Stirred up more controversy between North and South

S: North loved her book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and increased their protests while the South took it as an attack

Dred Scott:

P: owner took him to a free state then took him back to slave state/ living in a free state made him free

E: eliminating slavery

D:S: admitting he is not property but people

Stephen Douglas

P: Ran against Lincoln in the 1858 race for U.S. senate.

E: Supported Popular Sovereignty.D: He debated Lincoln over the idea

of slavery.S: Supported slavery.

Abraham Lincoln

P: Was a U.S. President.E: Developed the Emancipation

Proclamation which led to the down fall of the confederate economy.

D: Wanted to maintain the UnionS:Believed slavery was Immoral.

Confederacy

P: Regained political voice by creating their own country.

E: Lost resources from north and relations with other nations.

D: Negotiate terms of reconstruction with union.

S: Supported slavery.

Jefferson Davis

P: Was the President of the Confederacy.

E: Davis lead an economy based on crops (cotton).

D: Communication with citizens of south.

S: Believed in slavery.

Fort Sumter

P: Was the first battle in the civil war.E: Costs for ammunition, troops,

weapons, etc.D: S: Fought for control of Union forts to

better the Confederate military.

Bull Run

P: First southern victory.E: Costs of suppliesD: S: Showed that North couldn’t win the

war easily.

Stonewall Jackson

P: His leadership in Bull Run and victory lead to high moral about the war.

E:D:S:

Ulysses Grant

P: Union achieved their goal cutting confederate into two

E: Union army general D:S: ¼ of 100,000 men who fought were

killed, wounded or captured

Robert E. Lee

• P: commander of the confederate army • E: September 17, 1862 was the

bloodiest day in US history• D:• S: modest rather than vain in his

tactics

Antietam

• P: Lincoln removed McClellan from command • E: bloodiest single day battle in

history• D: • S: more than 26,000 people died

Emancipation Proclamation

• P: was a weapon in the war• E: Lincoln issued this on January 1,

1863• D:• S: Neither side was completely

Conscription

P: South’s economy went down. North’s went up

E: African American soldiers earned lower pay in Union

D: S: draft riots, most violent were in New

York City

Clara Barton

• P: found American Red Cross• E: women started to get more jobs• D: • S: first woman to head a US

government agency. Southern women started volunteering nursing duty

Income Tax

P: Congress help pay for the warE: the south grew economicallyD:S: tax took a percentage of

everybody’s income

Diplomatic

Chapter 4, sections 3-4

Gettysburg Address

• Brought the nation together as a whole, helped stop the civil war.

Vicksburg

• Cut the confederacy in half and allowed the union to completely take over Jackson. Also, cut more of the confederacy’s manpower.

William Tecumseh

• Believed in total war just as Lee did, was careless about his losses. Many of his troops died.

Appomattox court house

• The civil war came to a stop after 4 years the nation was finally a whole. The nation was getting stronger.

13th amendment

• Prohibited slavery; said neither slavery not involuntary servitude, except by punishment of law, shall exist within the united states.

John Wilkes Booth

• Assassinated president Lincoln, leaving many unsolved issues with the abolition of slavery and how to integrate approximately 4 million African American former slaves into national life.

Freedman’s bureau

• Made friends with the former slaves and other African Americans former slaves that needed clothes, food, education, other supplies, and protection.

Radical Republicans

Tried to give slaves full rights, freedom and the right to vote. Tried to also completely destroy political power of former slaveholders.

14th Amendment

• Full rights of all united states citizens, gave slaves more rights. Congress overrode Andrew Jackson’s veto to the reconstruction legislation.

15th amendment

• 1868 grant becomes president, radicals introduce 15th sating everyone can vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Allowed grant to win election by a margin.

Scalawags

• White southerns who joined the republicans party to stop carpetbaggers from regaining power, tried to prevent war, lack of unity in the republican party.

Carpetbaggers

• People from north that came to the south looking for work. Also added to lack of unity in the republican party.

Hiram revels

• African Americans started having there own roles in politics. First african american senators.

Sharecropping

• Farmers kept some of there crops and shared the rest with the people they divided land with.

Ku Klux Klan

• Tried to destroy republican party, intimidated democrats, violence to intimidate African Americans.

Economic

Economic

• Gettysburg Address:• The confederates repeatedly attacked the

Union, and the Union were forced to concede some territory, withering confederate onslaught.

Economic

• Vicksburg:• Grant sent Benjamin Grierson and the

confederate defenses to protect Vicksburg. Grant ordered 2 frontal attacks that didn’t work on April 30, the troops landed and were sent in search of confederate troops, then the Union forces sacked Jackson, the capital of the state.

Economic

• William Tecumseh Sherman:• The commander of the military division of

Mississippi, the Sherman March was used to create a wide path of destruction.

Economic

• Appomattox Court House:• On April 3, 1865, the Union troops conquered

Richmond, the confederate capital. Southerners had abandoned the city the day before, setting it afire to keep the Northerners from taking it.

Economic

• 13th Amendment:• The government had to decide about the

border states where slavery still existed and what to do about it. The president believed that the only solution was constitutional amendment abolishing slavery.

Economic

• John Wikes Booth:• He was a southern sympathizer that was shot

dead which made the country facing problems on restoring southern states to the Union and integrating 4 million freed African Americans into nation life.

Economic

• Freedman’s Bureau:• Provided food, clothing, hospitals, legal

protection, and education for formal slaves and poor whites.

Economic

• Radical Republicans• They wanted African Americans to have full

citizenship being able to make decisions on their own and the right to vote on taxes and other rights.

Economic

• 14th Amendment:• Prevented states from denying rights and

privileges to any U.S citizen.

Economic

• 15th Amendment:• Gave everyone the right to vote.

Economic

• Scalawag:• They wanted to improve their economic

positions and didn’t want former wealth planters to regain power.

Economic

• Carpetbagger:• The nickname showed who they were,

showing how they were from the North but moved to the South after war.

Economic

• Hiram Revels:• Served on the Natchez city council and helped

organize African American schools and churches in the community.

Economic

• Sharecropping:• Saved to rent land for cash and to keep their

harvest in a system known as tenant farming.

Economic

• Ku Klux Klan:• Wanted to destroy the Republican Party and

throw out the reconstruction governments.

Economic

• Ku Klux Klan:• Wanted to destroy the Republican Party and

throw out the reconstruction governments.

Social/Cultural

Gettysburg Address

• The social significance of this was that it helped all of the states come together to make a united country.

• “Remade America”

Vicksburg

• Lots of deaths in the North and the South • Many southerners began to beg for peace

William Tecumseh Sherman

• Lead troops on a huge path of destruction through the South, which caused many deaths in the South.

Appomattox Court House

• The South surrendered, which meant a lot less deaths all over the country. This most likely made many people in the country happy.

13th Amendment

• Abolished slavery, which left them the question of how to integrate the country.

John Wilkes Booth

• Killed Lincoln, so there was no more Lincoln, which left the country with a new president.

Freedman’s Bureau

• Helped African Americans kick-start their lives, and helped them have a better chance at being successful.

Radical Republicans

• Most likely gained lots of African American support, and helped push towards country-wide equality

14th Amendment

• Helped improve the lifestyle of African Americans, and pushed towards equality.

15th Amendment

• Big radical republican victory, which was another big push for country wide equality.

Scalawag

• Didn’t really get along with other southern republicans, because they weren’t republicanly committed.

Carpet Bagger

• Made fun of by many, and basically just caused tension in the South.

Hiram Revels

• First African-American senator, and he was another huge step towards equality.

Sharecropping

• Helped many poor and even homeless families survive.

Ku Klux Klan

• Killed about 20,000 men, women, and children.