Chapter 4 Section 5 Greek Culture Left Lasting Legacies Objectives What form of literature did the...
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Section 5 Greek Culture Left Lasting Legacies Objectives What form of literature did the...
Chapter 4
Section 5
Greek Culture Left Lasting Legacies
• Objectives• What form of literature did the Greeks
invent?
• Who were the Sophists?
• What contributions did the Hellenistic scientists give to the world?
II. Ancient Greece Set High Standards in Art and Literature
• The Greeks produced many magnificent works of art.
• Athens became the most beautiful city of the ancient world.
• Building dedicated to religion and art were centered on the Acropolis – hill in the center of Athens
• Parthenon was most beautiful of the building with great paintings and sculptures
• Marble columns to support the roof, which is still used in architecture today.
• Greek sculptures created many lasting works with some statues being preserved in museums around the world
• These sculptures are fine examples of the simplicity and beauty of Greek art.
• Among the great contributions to literature by the Greeks was drama.
• Revenge, death, politics and religion were some of the subjects of Greek plays
• Theaters were open air theaters where the audience sat on stone seats.
• All the actors in the plays were always men• The power that language had to unite the
Greek people is best shown by two great works of literature.
• Ever since the Achaeans destroyed the city of Troy in 1300 BC the stories of the battles had been past down by word of mouth
• They were collected and woven together into 2 mighty Epics – long poems which describe the deeds of heroes.
• A blind poet by the name of Homer is the author of these epics that are called the Iliad and the Odyssey
• The Iliad describes the episodes from the 10th year of the war during which the great Achaean hero, Achilles, defeated the great Trojan hero, Hector
• The Odyssey deals with the events after the war. It tells of the great hero Odysseus and his adventures on his 10 year journey home.
• The epics themselves helped to shape all Greek literature and thought
• Some people called it the Homeric Age.
II. Greeks Explored New Ways of Thinking About the World
• The Greek thinkers that carefully studied the world around them were called philosophers – which comes form the Greek word meaning lovers of wisdom
• They believed that through their reasoning, people could understand how the world worked and how they should act in it.
• Not all Greek philosophers had goals.
• The Sophists were a group who worked to develop carefully reasoned cases so they could win political or legal arguments
• They were more concerned with worldly success than with respect for tradition or moral issues
• They stressed the art of public speaking and for a fee they would teach their methods to others.
Socrates
• 469 – 399 BC• Cared more about the search for truth than
winning arguments• He wandered into Athens asking people
embarrassing question to tell about the evils and faults in society
• He never wrote anything down, so everything we know about him comes
from his pupil Plato
• Socrates believed there was nothing as useful as knowledge
• He believed that if people had knowledge they could solve all problems they faced.
• Wanted people to focus on their thinking clearly this method is called the Socratic Method – often used in schools today
Plato
• 427 – 347 BC• Best know for his book The Republic –
this is a record of Socrates conversations with the Athenians
• The book outlines the perfect society with philosophers being the leaders because they are the wisest
• Plato did not favor democracy
• He felt that in a democracy that unqualified people held important positions ( what does this sound like?)
• He felt the masses could not make the right decisions.
• In Plato’s ideal society, each person would do the work suited for his or her own ability
• Society would have 3 classes: the workers, the soldiers, and the ruling philosophers
• He believed both men and women should be treated equally
• He also believed there should be no individual wealth or privately owned property.
Aristotle
• Student of Plato• He studied governments of the past and
wrote a book Politics• In this book he pointed out the advantages
and disadvantages of various forms of governments
• He felt the most stable government was one in which the actions and authority of
one part of government was checked and balanced by another (what does this sound like?)
• This system of checks and balances is written into the US Constitution
• Aristotle was a scientist as well as a philosopher
• He wrote about biology, physics, and botany, and was one of the early scientist who believed the earth was round.
Science/Medicine
• Pythagoras - helped develop the ideas behind geometry
• Democritus - said that all things are made up of atoms
• Hippocrates – made strong advance in the study of medicine
• He used the scientific method to diagnose and treat diseases
• He stated that all diseases were made up of natural causes and were not caused by god
• Raised the meical standard that set forth rules of conduct
• This is the basis of the Hippocratic Oath that doctors take when they become certified and graduating form Med. School