Chapter 4 Notes - Psychology
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Notes - Psychology
What Happens When We Sleep?
Psychoactive Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
Sleep Ensures Health
• Sleep restores your body tissues and
facilitates body growth
• Sleep increases immunity to disease
• Sleep keeps your mind alert
• Sleep helps learning and memory
• Sleep enhances your mood
– Can you learn while you sleep? What are
some things you do to encode information?
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
1-15
Days
3-5
Months
6-23
Months
2-3
Years
3-5
Years
5-9
Years
10-13
Years
14-18
Years
19-30
Years
33-45
Years
50
Years
90
Years
Waking
Non-REM Sleep
REM Sleep
Total Daily Sleep
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
12
3 9
6
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
Visiting Team
Flies East
Wins 37% of Games Visiting Team
Flies West
Wins 44% of Games
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
Stage 1 Sleep Theta Waves Prominent
Theta Waves
Stage 2 Sleep Sleep Spindles and Mixed EEG Activity
Sleep Spindle
Slow-wave Sleep (Stage 3 and Stage 4 Sleep) Progressively More Delta Waves (Stage 4 Shown)
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
Time
Wakefulness
Stage1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
REM
• As the night progresses, we spend less
time in slow-wave sleep and more in REM
• Active stage but body becomes relaxed
• Dreams are most easily recalled
• Why do we have REM?
– Memory processing?
– Better concentration?
– REM Rebound
Time
Wakefulness
Stage1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
REM
Dreams
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
We dream about what we know
• Freud: dreams allow us to express fears and
sexual and aggressive drives without censorship
• Continuity theory: dreams cope with daily
problems
• Memory theory: dreams consolidate information
• TST: experience threatening situations so that
we rehearse our responses
• Activation-synthesis: neural impulses integrate
familiar images and stories
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep? Hypnosis
Psychoactive
Drugs
Which of the following is not characteristic of
REM sleep?
A. Rapid Eye Movements
B. Paralysis of Body musculature
C. Shortening periods as the night
progresses
D. Increased heart rate
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Caffeine Alcohol Cigarettes Marijuana Cocaine Heroin
100
Drug Use Ages 12 and Over in 2008
0
20
40
60
80
85% 82.3%
51.6%
65.1%
28.4%
41%
6.1%
14.7%
0.7% 1.5% 0.2%
Currently Uses Drugs Ever Used Drugs
100%
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub_a2t0
ZfTs
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
White Black or
African
American
American
Indian or
Alaska
Native
Native
Hawaiian
or other
Pacific
Islander
Asian Two or
more races
25
Ethnic Group
0
5
10
15
20
16.9%
19.5%
13.3%
7.4%
21.2%
12.3%
14.4%
Pe
rce
nt
Usin
g In
Pa
st
Ye
ar
Hispanic
or Latino
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
.02-.03 Slight euphoria and loss of shyness; light-headedness.
Depressant effects of alcohol are not yet apparent.
Typical Effects BAC
.04-.06 Feelings of well-being, relaxation, and lowered inhibitions;
minor impairment of reasoning and memory; lowered alertness.
.07-.09 Feelings of well-being; slight impairment of balance, speech, vision,
reaction time, and hearing; reduced judgment and self-control;
impaired reasoning and memory.
.10-.125 Significant impairment of motor coordination; loss of judgment;
slowed thinking; slurred speech; impairment of balance, vision,
reaction time, and hearing.
.13-.15 Gross motor impairment and lack of physical control; blurred vision
and major loss of balance; severely impaired judgment. Feelings of
well-being are reduced.
.16-.20 Anxiety, restlessness, sadness; nausea and vomiting; feeling dazed
and confused; blackouts.
.25 Severely impaired physical and mental abilities; increased risk
of injury by falls or accidents.
.30 Stupor; little comprehension of whereabouts; loss of consciousness. .35 Possible coma. .40+ Onset of coma; possible death due to respiratory arrest.
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Narcotics
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Narcotics
(Opiates)
High
Risk of Physical
Dependence
High
Risk of Psychological
Dependence
High
Fatal Overdose
Potential
Drugs
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Stimulants Moderate
Risk of Physical
Dependence
High
Risk of Psychological
Dependence
Moderate to High
Fatal Overdose
Potential
Drugs
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
Hypnosis Psychoactive
Drugs
What Happens
When We Sleep?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeF6rFN
9org
Examples of Dream Theory
Homework Answers
Freud
• Manifest content: walking down a dark
hallway; repeatedly stumbling and
dropping keys; riding a flying telephone
pole
• Latent content: fear of getting lost or fear
of darkness
• Sexual frustrations
Continuity
• In real life, she constantly trips and looses
her keys
Memory
• She actually dropped her keys today
• She actually tripped over an object or her
own feet today
• Witnessed an accident where someone
ran into a telephone pole
Threat Simulation
• Being chased by an attacker or robber on
the way to your car
Activation-synthesis
• Aroused brain picked familiar images
• Takes the subway everyday
• Clumsiness