Chapter 4 new england
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Transcript of Chapter 4 new england
The Thirteen English Colonies
NEW ENGLAND
Mrs. Barnette 2012
New England*
Map from nps.gov
Massachusetts (Includes present-day Maine)
ConnecticutRhode IslandNew Hampshire
*Some people call all 13 colonies “New England,” but these 4 colonies were the New England region
Massachusetts
The Puritans came to Massachusetts after attempting to reform the Anglican Church.
Both believed in a stricter adherence to scriptures. While the Pilgrims chose separating from the Church of England (Anglican Church) as a first resort, Puritans wanted reform from within. They would have been content with the Church of England hierarchy if it followed what they believed were Biblical principles. (Maxwell, pilgrimhall.org 2003)
Pilgrims?Puritans?
What’s the difference?
To “purify” the Anglican ChurchThey wanted:
No clergy above the rank of parish priest
No set prayers /elaborate rituals; simple worship and clothing of church leaders
Church hierarchy would not be under direct control of the King.
http://elane.stanford.edu/wilson/html/chap3/chap3-sect4.html
King Charles I brought changes to the Church of England. Puritans disagreed, and many were persecuted by the government. They still managed to become a powerful force in Parliament. An ensuing civil war resulted with the beheading of Charles I.
Charles I (1600-1649)began his reign in 1625. http://www2.fiu.edu/~casinesg/Monarchs/monarchs.htm
Oliver Cromwell, the Puritan leader of the Parliament forces, became head of the government; but shortly after he died, Charles II returned the monarchy to the throne.
Oliver Cromwell, “Lord Protector of England”1649-1659
Beginnings of Massachusetts Bay ColonyPuritans arrived
1630.Not only Puritans
went. Some were youngest sons, or those wanting economic gain.
Governing MassachusettsJohn Winthrop was
Governor.He worked
physically, as well as politically.
“City on a Hill” sermon https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/winthrop.htm
VotingOnly stockholders of the MA Bay Colony
could vote.This caused discontent, since most were
not stockholders.Church members did not want non-
Puritans in power. They decided to let male church members
vote for Governor and General Court.
Leaving MassachusettsThomas Hooker led 106 settlers out of
MA. He founded Hartford, Connecticut. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Allowed all male landowners to voteLimited governor’s power, thus expanding the
idea of representative gov’t.
Roger Williams and Rhode IslandHe thought the Puritan
Church had too much power. He wanted separation of church and state. He advocated religious tolerance, which Puritans did not have.
Ordered to leave, he and his followers bought land from Natives in Rhode Island.
He allowed Jews, Protestants, and Catholics to worship freely.
Anne HutchinsonShe fled to RI after
she was ordered to leave the Puritan MA colony. Women were not allowed to explain Bible teaching, plus she told the court that God spoke to her directly.http://www.swarthmore.edu/
SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/30-hut.html
New Hampshire FormedThe King made
new coastal settlements north of Boston into New Hampshire.
Trouble with NativesColonists were
encroaching on Natives’ territory.
Metacom (King Phillip), Chief of the Wampanoag Indians, led assaults on more than 600 settlers.
He was killed. His family & 1000 Indians became slaves.
http://www.humanities.uci.edu/mclark/HumCore2001/Core2000Archive/Clark/RowlOutline.html
Puritan Life in New England
Sundays were reserved for worship only.
Many community issues were democratically decided at town meetings.
http://frank.mtsu.edu/~jhwillia/3020Salem.html
About 15 crimes, including witchcraft, carried the death penalty. The Salem witch trials of 1692 executed 20 “witches.”
New England EconomyCrops
Corn SquashPumpkins
LumberHuntingShipbuildingWhaling, fishing