CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum,...
-
Upload
marylou-summers -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
1
Transcript of CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum,...
![Page 1: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 4
MINERALS!
Page 84 in your book
![Page 2: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon,
aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make up 99 percent of all minerals on Earth
![Page 3: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
4.1 What in the heck is a mineral? = A naturally occurring, inorganic solid
that has a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure.
* Minerals are the building blocks of rocks!
![Page 4: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mineral Characteristics
1. naturally occuring and inorganic 2. definite crystalline structure 3. solids with specific compositions
![Page 5: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“1. Naturally occurring and inorganic”
Formed only by NATURAL PROCESSES
INORGANIC = not alive and never was alive! Ex – sugar is NOT
a mineral because it came from a plant that was ALIVE!
![Page 6: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
“2. Definite Crystalline Structures” Crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
![Page 7: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“3. Solids with specific compositions”
must be an actual solid! And , must have the unique arrangement
and correct proportions to be considered a mineral.
Ex – NaCl
![Page 8: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Get 4 Pieces of paper!
We are going to make a mineral flipbook for identification purposes! (like on page 85)
Step #1- slide your four papers up. Step #2 – Fold the bottom half UP
toward the top Step #3 – Staple them on the crease! Step #4 – now label them like page 85 And then we will fill in the characteristics
as we go!
![Page 9: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mineral I.D. Characteristics!
1. Color 2. Luster 3. Texture 4. Streak 5. Hardness 6. Cleavage and Fracture 7. Density and Specific Gravity
![Page 10: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Color
One of the most noticeable characteristics
Color can be due to trace elements or compounds.
One of the least reliable clues of a mineral’s ID
![Page 11: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Luster
Metallic
ShinyReflects light
Nonmetallic Not shiny Dull – due to
chemical composition
![Page 12: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Texture
= How a mineral feels to the touch Con = Subjective to the tester Ex – smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, or
soapy
![Page 13: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. Streak
When a mineral is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate it leaves a colored powdered streak. Only if the mineral is softer than the p. plate!
Nonmetallics typically leave a white streak Useful for Metallics ID
![Page 14: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
5. Hardness
= Measure of how easily minerals can be scratched.
Measured by 10 easily recognized minerals developed by Friedrich mohs
![Page 15: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
6. Cleavage and Fracture
CleavageMinerals that have cleavage will break in a certain direction where the bonds between atoms are not strong.
![Page 16: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FractureMinerals that do not have cleavage will fracture when they are broken. If the fracture has a smooth curved
surface it is called a conchoidal fracture, otherwise most minerals fracture irregularly
![Page 17: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7. Density and Specific Gravity Sometimes the same mineral may have
different weights which make different densities!
D = M/VDensity = mass / volume
Specific Gravity is a better and more accurate measure of density by comparing the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4* C.
![Page 18: CHAPTER 4 MINERALS! Page 84 in your book. Fascinating Fact The elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium make.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e545503460f94b4a98b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/mineral_id/#Step4
http://facweb.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/Geol101/Labs/Minerals/Min10.htm
http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/id1.htm http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/lep_science/earth_science/tutor/content/pdf/masters/esg3_2.pdf
www.howtoteachscience.com/freestuff/worksheets/Mineral%20Properties%20Worksheet.doc