Chapter 4 ENG 314. Categories/phrases -- Functions S NPVP TheyV’AP subject VNPfast adverbial ateDN...
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Transcript of Chapter 4 ENG 314. Categories/phrases -- Functions S NPVP TheyV’AP subject VNPfast adverbial ateDN...
Chapter 4
ENG 314
Categories/phrases -- Functions
S
NP VP
They V’ AP
subject V NP fast adverbial
ate D N
the strawberries
object
Subject and Predicate
[Manatees] [are large, marine mammals]. [They] [can live up to 60 years and can weigh up to 1200 pounds]. [Their long-term survival in Florida] [is uncertain, however].
Subjects: Not always initial
[He] made no answer, and [they] were again silent till [they] had gone down the dance, when [he] asked her if [she and her sisters] did not very often walk to Meryton.
Tests (p. 62)a. Inversion with the AUX in Yes/No questions
The pig from Malacandra will want to eat soonWill the pig from Malacandra want to eat soon?
b.Agreement with the Verb/AUXThe pfiftrigg is niceThe pfiftriggs are nice.
c. Tag questionsThe hross is nice, isn't he?
Apply to (1)
(1) [The moon] [has risen in the sky].
Special Subject: there
(1) There are five unicorns in the parking lot.
What is the subject?
Do you agree?[Peccaries] are medium-sized animals, with a strong superficial resemblance to pigs. Like pigs, [they] have a snout ending in a cartilagenous disc, and eyes [that] are small relative to their head. Also like pigs, [they] use only the middle two digits for walking, although, unlike pigs, [the other toes] can be altogether absent. [Their stomach] is non-ruminating, although [it] has three chambers, and is more complex than [that of pigs] is. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peccary)
Complements to verbs• Direct Object
– He read [the letter from Hogwarts].
• Indirect Object– I gave [Santa] a letter.
• Subject Predicate– He is [pleasant].– He is [a nice person].– He is [in the garden].
• Object Predicate– Jane considers Pride and Prejudice [a classic].
Verbs with no complements/objects
Arrive, go, leave, walk, swim, ….
Verbs that have direct objects
See, eat, read, notice, devour, build, cook, knit, prepare …
Verbs that have direct objects
Give, donate, tell, award, begrudge, mail, throw …
Verbs with Subject Predicates
act, appear, be, become, get, go, grow, fall, feel, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
Verbs with Object Predicates:
consider I considered Sabina very smart.
think I thought Timber (to be) nice.
find They found Einstein interesting.
know I know Chandra to be nice.
put She put snails on the table.
place They placed a jar upon a hill.
Correct??
(transitive irregular)
(41) a. This chicken lays an egg every day. b. He laid that book on the table
yesterday.
c. I have laid the table like this for years.
(intransitive irregular)
(42) a. I lie down regularly.
b. I lay down yesterday.
c. I have lain here for hours.
For WED
• Names of verbs
• ……