Chapter 4: Discharge Measurement Procedures -...

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Chapter 4: Discharge Measurement Procedures

4.1 Introduction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

4.2 Discharge Measurement using Current Meters

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4.2.2.1 Mechanical Current Meters

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Brett Eaton

THE REDBACK TYPE AA CURRENT METER & PVD 100 DIGITAL DISPLAY

Hydrological Services Pty Ltd

Issue 2: 14/9/2009

Red Back

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The Hydrological Services Red Back current meter is our new generation of Type “AA” current meter. It allows the measurement of water flow in streams, open canals, pressure pipes, lakes and seas to a fine degree of accuracy and repeatability; this is due to its advanced contact switching system and interchangeable impact resistant bucket system that provides trouble free operation.

The meter is made to be used in the most extreme environments and ensures reliable field service for many years.

The Red Back is supplied in a kit which is affordable and user friendly, allowing the operator to measure water flow using a simple traditional method.

%)*$+#!%" The standard operation of the current meter is used in conjunction with a wading rod and a current meter counter. This method requires the user to stand in the stream and observe the velocities of the flow at different depths across the streams. The current meter can be fitted with a stabiliser tail fin which is attached to a hanger bar and Colombus gauging weight in sizes of 7, 15, 23, 34, 45, 68, 90 or 135 Kg. This assembly is suspended from a gauging winch with armoured signal cable. Hydrological Services provides a range of counters to suit the RedBack. The models available are as follows: Model CMC20A is a basic counter which can be set to count pulses for a specific time period (10-200 secs). The counter stops when the time period has elapsed and shows a digital reading for the number of pulses. A rating table is used to convert number of pulses to velocity. Model CMCsp current meter counter with direct velocity reading, in-built Bluetooth module for connection to a PalmTM top or field PC, fixed measuring interval from 10 to 90 secs. Model PVD100 same functions as the CMCsp but supplied in plastic case and neck straps. The HydroMate CMC3 is the top of the range Current Meter Counter with a touch screen facility and direct velocity reading. This counter allows up to 32 current meter calibration formulas to be entered so that direct calculation of river flow can be achieved. The HydroMate CMC3 can store data for up to 30 sites with 30 verticals per site and 11 points per vertical. The CMC3 software can be easily upgraded as new features are made available.


Issue 2: 14/9/2009

Red Back

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!"#$%&' (")"* (%+,)",%,&" The advantages of the RedBack over the traditional bucket meter can be summarised as follows:

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3) Impact resistant spring stainless steel frame

4) Balanced bucket assembly with injection moulded cups

2) Change of bucket is easily performed using a tool supplied with each meter


Issue 2: 14/9/2009

Red Back

c) Advanced magnet/reed switch assembly provides superior performance and reliability; unlike traditional bucket meter cats whisker switch assemblies the RedBack reed switch is maintenance free.

d) The pivot assembly is made from 316G Stainless Steel and has a Tungsten Carbide tip. The

bearing plate is also made up of a similar metal. Hence, the turning motion is not affected by friction ensuring a low starting velocity and accuracy.

e) Low maintenance and cost effective; The RedBack cost is incomparable to its accuracy +/-1%.

!"#$%&$"$'& A key concept in maintaining the accuracy of a current meter is to keep it in the same good condition as when it was obtained from the manufacturer or when it was last calibrated. It order to do so, cleaning the meter after use is essential. After a day of use in the field

1. The pivot, magnet and reed switch chamber should be removed and cleaned Using the supplied current meter oil, apply a small droplet to the upper and lower bearing surfaces. (Do not use “3-in-1” type oil; this type of oil will solidify when exposed to water.)

2. Using a magnifying glass a visual inspection should be carried out to ensure the bearing surface is not wearing or damaged. The pivot tip should feel sharp as opposed to dull or rounded. It should not a burr detectable visually or by fingernail.

3. The pivot should be always adjusted to the right position but setting the locknut and then securely tightening the lock screw.

5) Tungsten Carbide tipped pivot; eliminating the need for re-grinding of the tip


Issue 2: 14/9/2009

Red Back

4. After oiling and replacing the pivot and the magnet/reed switch housing, a spin test should be carried out to ensure the meter is turning freely and comes to a smooth and gradual stop. The meter should not have any undue vibration when rotating. Apply oil to the bearing and pivot if vibration occurs as described in step 1.

Before use in the field

1. Inspect the meter carefully and perform a spin test visually observing the rotation and noting the time as described in step(4) of “After a day use in the field”. If the meter passes the spin test, then the meter is ready for use. However, if the meter fails the spin test further cleaning and adjustment is required to ensure proper operation.

Inactive meter

1. Prior to the meter being stored, it should have been disassembled, inspected and cleaned as described. In case the period of storage is less then 5 weeks, the meter can be used without any additional maintenance other then a spin test.

2. If the meter was stored for a longer period of time, it is advisable to first clean the meter and then spin test before use.

Hydrological Services Pty Ltd!

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2. Product Overview !2.1 Overview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


!

3. Installation !3.1 Hardware Connections

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!!!Current Meter Input Connector!C9(! PVD100! .7#D$2(-! &E#! F/%/%/! .)<8!*#%%(*&$#%-!&#!&9(!*<77(%&!G(&(7=!!!!C9(!,HI!J(G/)(!*#%%(*&#7!#%! &9(!PVD100@!.7#D$2(-! &9(!KLAMA! $%&(7J/*(! /%2! &9(! -$8%/)!27$D(7!#<&.<&=!!!!!RS232 Interface!N!C9$-!$%&(7J/*(!$-!2(-$8%(2!&#!2$7(*&)+!*#%%(*&!&#!/!9/%29()2!*#G.<&(7!E$&9!/%!KLAMA6!$%&(7J/*(=!O-(!&9(!6#GG-!C(-&!J<%*&$#%!&#!&(-&!&9$-!$%&(7J/*(=!!

"$%! "',344!L$8%/)!,(-*7$.&$#%! ,$7(*&$#%!3! P=6=! !A! CQ!,/&/!RKLAMA!2/&/!#<&.<&S! !M! KQ!,/&/!RKLAMA!2/&/!$%.<&S! !>! P=6=! !:! ,/&/!T7#<%2!4'! !U! P=6=! !B! P=6=! !V! P=6=! !I! L$8%/)!,7$D(7!RWX6!#<&.<&S! !

!!Signal Driver Interface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`$()2!ZJJ(*&!C7/%-$-&#7!R`ZCS!&9/&!E$))!/*&!)$a(!/!-E$&*9=!!C9(!-$8%/)!$-!.7#*(--(2!F+!&9(!PVD100.!!C#!D(7$J+!#.(7/&$#%!#J!&9$-!-$8%/)!E$&9!#&9(7!(]<$.G(%&@!<-(!&9(!6#GG-!C(-&!J<%*&$#%!E9$*9!-$G<)/&(-!/!*#%&/*&!*)#-<7(!/%2!#.(7/&(-!&9$-!#<&.<&= !!!CAUTION : Do not connect any type of DC voltage directly to pin 1 without a limiting resistor as this will permanently damage the driver circuit. !


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4. Operation !

4.1 Description of Controls !

4.1.1 Pushbuttons !C9(!PVD100! 9/-! &97((! D7#%&! ./%()! E<&&#%-! &9/&! /7(! <-(2! &#! &<7%! .#F(7!On /%2!Off@! G$(F!H(%<-@!/%2!*9##-(!#.(7/&$%8!-(&&$%8-=!!C9(!E<&&#%-!/7(!)/E()(2!/-!D#))#F-!I!!

ON/OFF!J!C9$-!E<&&#%!$-!&9(!D/7!)(D&!E<&&#%!#%!&9(!D7#%&!./%()!/%2!$-!<-(2!&#!&<7%!.#F(7!On!/%2!Off!#%!&9(!PVD100=!!;&!$-!/)-#!<-(2!&#!K<$&!D7#H!#.(7/&$%8!D<%*&$#%-!#7!(L$&!D7#H!-()(*&$#%-=!

! !C#! &<7%! On! &9(! PVD100@! 2(.7(--! /%2! 7()(/-(! &9(! MNOMPP! E<&&#%=! ! C9(!PVD100!F$))!&<7%!On!/%2!8#!&97#<89!/!-9#7&!$%$&$/)$Q/&$#%!7(-&#7$%8!-(&&$%8-!/%2! -()(*&$#%-=! ! C9(! PVD100! F$))! &9(%! .(7D#7H! /! -()D0*/)$E7/&$#%=! ! R#H(!-(&&$%8-! /%2! -()(*&$#%-! /7(! -&#7(2! .(7H/%(%&)+! $%! H(H#7+! (G(%! F9(%! &9(!E/&&(7$(-!/7(!*9/%8(2=!

!C#!&<7%!Off!&9(!PVD100@!.7(--!/%2!9#)2!&9(!MNOMPP!E<&&#%!D#7!H#7(!&9/%!S!-(*#%2-=! ! C9(!PVD100! F$))! &<7%! #DD! /))! $%2$*/&#7-! /%2! &9(! T6,@! /%2! &9(%!.(7H/%(%&)+! -&#7(! /))! <-(7! -()(*&/E)(! -(&&$%8-=! C9(-(! -(&&$%8-! F$))! E(!/<&#H/&$*/))+!7(-&#7(2!&9(!%(L&!&$H(!&9(!PVD100!$-!.#F(7(2!#%=!!!!C9(!PVD100!F$))!/<&#H/&$*/))+!-9<&!#DD!/D&(7!UVW!H$%<&(-!#D!%#!/*&$G$&+!!U$=(=!%#!H(&(7!*#%&/*&!*)#-<7(-@!%#!-(7$/)!.#7&!/*&$G$&+@!%#!E<&&#%!.7(--(-!/%2!X)<(&##&9!-F$&*9(2!#DD!#7!$%!,$-*#G(7!H#2(=W!!

!SELECT!J!!C9$-!*(%&(7! )#*/&(2!E<&&#%! $-!<-(2! &#!.(7D#7H!-()(*&$#%-!F$&9$%! &9(!2$DD(7(%&!

H(%<-@! /%2! D#7! -.(*$/)! #.(7/&$%8! D<%*&$#%-@! &9$-! E<&&#%! $-! <-(2! &#! E(8$%! #7!-&/7&!/%!#.(7/&$#%=!!

!FUNCTION!J!C9$-!E<&&#%@! )#*/&(2!#%! &9(! D/7! 7$89&!#D! &9(! D7#%&!./%()@! $-!<-(2! &#!8#! $%&#!/!

-()(*&$#%!H(%<=! !;D!/!H(/-<7(H(%&! $-!%#&! $%!.7#87(--@!2(.7(--$%8!&9$-!E<&&#%!F$))! E7$%8! <.! /! -(7$(-! #D! H(%<-! D#7! *9##-$%8! #.(7/&$%8! -()(*&$#%-! /%2!D<%*&$#%-=!

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hen all 3 buttons on the PVD100 are held down simultaneously, the electronics performs a hardware reset, which is the same as removing and reinstalling the batteries!


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4.1.2 Indicator LEDs !

B9(! PVD100! .7#C$2(-! &D#! EF,! $%2$*/&#7-! &#! -9#D! &9(! <%$&! $-! #.(7/&$%8! /%2! &#! $%2$*/&(!*<77(%&!G(&(7! *#%&/*&! *)#-<7(-=! !H#&9! $%2$*/&#7-! /)-#! -9#D!*/I)(! J/<)&-! /%2!#&9(7! #.(7/&$%8!

*#%2$&$#%-!#J!&9(!PVD100=!!B9(!J#))#D$%8!$-!/!I7$(J!2(-*7$.&$#%!J#7!(/*9!$%2$*/&#7=! COUNT!KOrange!EF,LMB9$-!$%2$*/&#7!D$))!J)/-9!D9(%(C(7!/!*#%&/*&!*)#-<7(!J7#G!&9(!G(&(7!9/-! I((%! 2(&(*&(2=! ! ;&! /)-#!D$))! $%2$*/&(!D9(%! -.(*$/)! J<%*&$#%-! -<*9! /-! &9(! N1(&(7!,D())!

1(/-<7(G(%&O!/7(!I($%8!.(7J#7G(2!#7! &9(!P-(7!Q(7$/)! ;%&(7J/*(!.7#87/G!9/-!I((%! $%C#R(2=!!

;%!&9(!*/-(!#J!/!2(&(*&(2!J/<)&@!&9(!$%2$*/&#7!D$))!&<7%!On!/%2!-&/+!On!<%&$)!&9(!J/<)&!$-!*)(/7(2=!!

OPERATING STATUS! KGreen/Red/Blue! EF,LMB9$-! $%2$*/&#7! 7(G/$%-! $))<G$%/&(2!D9(%(C(7! &9(!PVD100! $-! &<7%(2!On!/%2!-9#D$%8!&9(!#.(7/&$%8!-&/&<-!G#2(=! !B9(!EF,!9/-!&97((! *#)#7-! -9#D$%8! &9(! &+.(! #J!G(&(7! K1/8%(&$*!S(/2! #7!6/&!T9$-R(7!S(/2L! -()(*&(2! /-!

D())!/-!H)<(&##&9U!#.(7/&$#%/)!-&/&<-=!!Green!$%2$*/&(-!&9(!1/8%(&$*!S(/2!$-!-()(*&(2!/%2!red!

$%2$*/&(-! &9(! 6/&! T9$-R(7! S(/2! $-! -()(*&(2=! ! The operating default (power-up setting) is Magnetic Head. B9(! $%2$*/&#7! /)-#! -9#D-! &9(! #.(7/&$%8! G#2(=! ! ;J! &9(! $%2$*/&#7! $-! %#&!I)$%R$%8@!&9(%!&9(!#.(7/&$%8!G#2(!$-!VW#7G/)X=! !;J! &9(!$%2$*/&#7!$-!I)$%R$%8!7/.$2)+@!&9(%!&9(!

#.(7/&$%8!G#2(!$-!VQ)#DX=!

!

!

!

4.1.3 Factory Default Settings !

B9(! PVD100! */%! I(! -(&! D$&9! Y/*&#7+! Q(&&$%8-! K#7! 2(J/<)&-L! /%2! &9(-(! -(&&$%8-! /))#D! &9(!PVD100! &#! #.(7/&(! D$&9! .7(-(&! *#%2$&$#%-=! ! B9(-(! -(&&$%8-! */%! I(! *9/%8(2=! ! B#! -(&! &9(!PVD100!D$&9!Y/*&#7+!Q(&&$%8-@!2(.7(--!/%2!9#)2! &9(!YPW6B;ZW!I<&&#%@! &9(%! &<7%!On &9(!PVD100=! ! T9(%! &9(! VY/*&#7+! Q(&&$%8-X! G(--/8(! /..(/7-! #%! &9(! 2$-.)/+@! &9(! YPW6B;ZW!I<&&#%!*/%!I(!7()(/-(2=!!!

!

B9(!J#))#D$%8!$-!/!)$-&!#J!&9(!Y/*&#7+!Q(&&$%8-[!

0! 1/8%(&$*!S(/2\6/&!T9$-R(7!S(/2!-()(*&$#%!-(&!&#!MAG@!1/8%(&$*!S(/2!G(&(7!0! QB?BPQ!$-!-(&!&#!W#7G/)!-.((2!

0! 1(/-<7(G(%&!B$G(!$-!-(&!&#!400-(*#%2-!0! B9(!H<]](7!$-!&<7%(2!Off !0! B9(!J#))#D$%8!/7(!&9(!7/&$%8!(^</&$#%!2(J/<)&-[!

o ?[!Q\W!3444044!!! ! K1(&(7!V?X!Q(7$/)!W<GI(7L!

o !!3!_/&$%8! ! ! KW<GI(7!#J!7/&$%8-!#7!(^</&$#%-L!

o !!3[!A=A4>`K%La4=43:`! K_/&$%8!(^</&$#%@!%b!7#&/&$#%-\-(*L!

o H[!Q\W!A444044! ! K1(&(7!VHX!Q(7$/)!W<GI(7L!

o !!3!_/&$%8! ! ! KW<GI(7!#J!7/&$%8-!#7!(^</&$#%-L!

o !!3[!4=cd4>K%La4=4e3A! K_/&$%8!(^</&$#%@!%b7#&/&$#%-\-(*L!

0! 1(&(7!V?X!-()(*&(2!J#7!C()#*$&+!*#G.<&/&$#%!

0! Y((&!f!1(&(7-\-(*#%2!2$-.)/+!-(&!&#!VY((&X\-(*!

0! ?))!#&9(7!-(&&$%8-!/7(!$%$&$/)$](2!&#!V4X!#7!&<7%(2!Off!!


4.2 The Main Display !"#$! %&''&()*+! ,$-./)0$-! 1#$!23)*! ,)-4'35! 4/$-$*131)&*! &*! 1#$! 6789! ! ! :&1$;! "#)-! ,)-4'35!4/$-$*131)&*!)-!-#&(*!(#$*!1#$!2$*<!-$'$.1)&*!=>6?7@"AB7?C:"D!)-!-$1!1&!7?C:"D9!!!

!

E&)*1!=$'&.)15!8)-4'35!F!2&,$'!E=8GHH!I!7&45/)+#1! ! ! ! E=8GHH!GHHFJ! ! @--<$!G9HH!!!K!L4/M!NHHO!

M XXX 40 N XXX.XX *

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M XXX 40 N XXX.XX *

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M XXX 40 N XXX.XX *

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M XXX 40 N XXX.XX *

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!!In Summary (VELOCITY/COUNTS selected for COUNTS) !!!!

!

M XXX 40N XXX.XX *

N!T!N)5!U/)&!E!T!E),%!@#$%V/4! N/)%34$-5!P-,/46)(!$-!B/0%!

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X.XXXm40 N XXX.XX * !

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VELOCTY !!

COUNTS !

!!!4.3.3 Feet / Meters

!

P#'/.!L%6#)'.E!Q'+,6-E!R!G#1%6!PLQSTT!U!;#,E$'0*.! ! ! ! PLQSTT!STTRSS! ! <++5%!S7TT!!!V!W,$2!XTTY!

FEET !!

METERS

9+%! .*%! 89:;"<=:! >5..#/! .#! +%6%).! .*'+! 4%/52! .*%/! ,$%++!A?B?;"!.#!.#006%!>%.(%%/!8%%.!#$!G%.%$+7!P$%++!=:F=88!.#!$%.5$/!.#!.*%!4-'/!1'+,6-E!#$!,$%++!89:;"<=:!.#!+.%,!.#!.*%!/%D.!4%/5!'.%47!!


4.3.4 Magnetic Head / Cat whisker

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MAGHEAD !!

CATWSKR

NORMAL !!

SLOW

ON-BUZR !!

OFF

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G-(! &9(! HGI6J;KI! C<&&#%! &#! -()(*&! &9$-! L(%<@! &9(%! .7(--!MNON6J!&#!&#88)(!C(&B((%![<\\(7!On!#7!Off=!"7(--!KIPKHH!&#!7(&<7%! &#! &9(!L/$%!2$-.)/+!#7!.7(--!HGI6J;KI!&#!-&(.! &#!&9(!%(Q&!L(%<!$&(L=!!!!

!!!


!4.3.7 Measurement Time !

!

"#$%&!'()#*$&+!,$-.)/+!0!1#2()!"',344!

5!6#.+7$89&! ! ! ! "',344!34403:! ! ;--<(!3=44!!!>!?.7@!A44B!

TIME !!

40 SEC

C-(! &9(! DCE6F;GE! H<&&#%! &#! -()(*&! &9$-! I(%<@! &9(%! .7(--!JKLK6F!&#!$%*7(I(%&!&9(!&$I(!$%!34!-(*#%2!-&(.-!H(&M((%!44!/%2!N4!-(*#%2-=!?&!&9$-!$%-&/%&!&9(!-()(*&$#%!$-!-/O(2@!-#!($&9(7!.7(--! GEPGDD! &#! 7(&<7%! &#! &9(! I/$%! 2$-.)/+! #7! .7(--!DCE6F;GE!&#!-&(.!&#!&9(!%(Q&!I(%<!$&(I=!!F9$-! $-! &9(! %#I$%/)! I(/-<7(I(%&! &$I(! <-(2! M9(%! &/R$%8! /!

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OFF - BT !!

ON COM

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BLUTOOTH !!

DISCOVER

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Brett Eaton

USING A TOP-SETTING WADING ROD

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4.2.3 Other Equipment and Assemblies E.5!6%**5$,!05,5*-!#*5!#,,#6.54!,'!*'4-!#$4!45B5$4+$@!'$!,.5!H#,5*!45B,.!H5+@.,-!H+,.!.#$4&+$5-!#$4!.#$@5*-!0#3!15!*5L%+*54!,'!.'&4!,.5!05,5*!+$!B'-+,+'$!*55&-!0#3!15!$55454!,'!45B&'3!#$4!*5,%*$!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*-D!!E.5!%-5!'(!,.+-!#665--'*3!5L%+B05$,!+-!'%,&+$54!15&'HD!

4.2.3.1 Rods

Standard (Conventional) Wading Rods

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Top Setting Wading Rods

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!Figure 43: Components of top setting wading rod. Table 4: Vernier settings for top setting rod.

Vernier setting Actual current meter position

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Bridge Rods with Relocating Device

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Brett Eaton

PRE-MEASUREMENT OBSERVATIONS AT THE GAUGING SITE

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Assessing Channel Conditions

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Gauges and Water-Level Recorder

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!Figure 47: D

ischarge Measurem

ent Field Form sheet 1.

Brett Eaton

COLLECTING THE DATA AND ESTIMATING THE STREAM DISCHARGE

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Current Meter

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Observing Velocity

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!Figure 49: Example of typical vertical velocity curve.

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4.2.5.1 Measuring by Wading

General

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!Figure 50: Ditch flow measurement using planks.

Equipment Selection and Testing

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Locating the Metering Section

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!Figure 51: Conducting a discharge measurement with tagline across the wading section, Bridge Creek below Deka Creek.

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Setting Up the Tagline and Establishing Verticals

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Discharge Measurement Procedure: Mid-Section Method

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8D Position the tagline correctly.!E#M5!,.5!,+05!,'!5$-%*5!,.#,!,.5!,#@&+$5!+-!B&#654!+$!#!B'-+,+'$!,.#,!+-!B5*B5$4+6%&#*!,'!,.5!4+*56,+'$!'(!,.5!6%**5$,D!!XA5$!H.5$!,.+-!B*56#%,+'$!+-!,#M5$:!,.5*5!H+&&!-,+&&!15!+$-,#$65-!H.5*5!#$@%&#*!(&'H!'66%*-D!R.5$!,.+-!.#BB5$-:!*56'*4!,.5!6'-+$5!'(!,.5!.'*+C'$,#&!#$@&5D!!

9D Improving the metering section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b',5!+(!,.5!0'4+(+6#,+'$-!.#A5!#$!+$(&%5$65!'$!,.5!@#%@5!*5#4+$@D!J&&!+0B*'A505$,-!,'!,.5!05,5*+$@!-56,+'$!-.'%&4!15!6'0B&5,54!15('*5!-,#*,+$@!,.5!05#-%*505$,:!+D5D!4'!$',!0#M5!6.#$@5-!,'!,.5!05,5*+$@!-56,+'$!G-%6.!#-!13!0'A+$@!*'6M-I!4%*+$@!,.5!6'%*-5!'(!,.5!4+-6.#*@5!05#-%*505$,D!

UD Spacing of Verticals.!Y1,#+$!9;!F!9>!'1-5*A#,+'$-!'(!1',.!45B,.!#$4!A5&'6+,3!('*!'$5!6'0B&5,5!05#-%*505$,!G-55!756,+'$!VD9D=D8!X**'*!J((56,+$@!J66%*#63ID!T'*!A5*3!$#**'H!6*'--F-56,+'$:!%-5!#!-0#&&!05,5*!#$4!-B#65!,.5!A5*,+6#&-!0'*5!6&'-5&3D!2'H5A5*:!05#-%*505$,!B'+$,-!-.'%&4!$',!15!6&'-5*!,.#$!;D8>!0!H.5$!B*+65!,3B5!JJ!05,5*!+-!%-54D!E.5!-0#&&!B*'B5&&5*!05,5*-!#*5!%-%#&&3!-%BB&+54!H+,.!>;F00!4+#05,5*!B*'B5&&5*-:!#$4!U;F00!+$,5*6.#$@5#1&5!,3B5-!#*5!#&-'!#A#+&#1&5D!

VD Position of the hydrometric operator.!E.5!.34*'05,*+6!'B5*#,'*g-!B'-+,+'$!H+,.!*5-B56,!,'!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*!+-!A5*3!+0B'*,#$,!H.5$!0#M+$@!#!4+-6.#*@5!05#-%*505$,!13!H#4+$@D!E.5!.34*'05,*+6!'B5*#,'*!-.'%&4!-,#$4!,'!,.5!-+45!#$4!4'H$-,*5#0!(*'0!,.5!05,5*!-'!#-!$',!,'!+$(&%5$65!,.5!A5&'6+,3D!7,%4+5-!-.'H!,.#,!,.5!('&&'H+$@!B'-+,+'$!.#-!,.5!&5#-,!5((56,!'$!,.5!'B5*#,+'$!'(!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*Q!-,#$4!+$!#!6'0('*,#1&5!#$4!-#(5!B&#65!(#6+$@!5+,.5*!-.'*5:!#$4!$'!&5--!,.#$!;DVF0!4'H$-,*5#0!#$4!,'!,.5!-+45!'(!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*D!!

>D Position of the current meter.!2'&4!,.5!H#4+$@!*'4!+$!#!A5*,+6#&!B'-+,+'$!#$4!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*!B#*#&&5&!,'!,.5!4+*56,+'$!'(!(&'H!H.+&5!0#M+$@!,.5!A5&'6+,3!'1-5*A#,+'$D!i5*,+6#&!#P+-!05,5*-!F!+(!,.5!#P+-!'(!,.5!05,5*!+-!$',!M5B,!A5*,+6#&:!,.5!05,5*!H+&&!,5$4!,'!%$45*F*5@+-,5*D!!2'*+C'$,#&!#P+-!05,5*-!F!0#$3!B*'B5&&5*-!#*5!45-+@$54!,'!6'0B5$-#,5!('*!#$@%&#*!(&'HD!/'$-5L%5$,&3!#$3!45A+#,+'$!(*'0!,.5!A5*,+6#&!B'-+,+'$!'(!,.5!*'4!H+&&!+$,*'4%65!#$!5**'*!+$!A5&'6+,3D!

=D Observing Velocities.!K(!45B,.-!#*5!-%((+6+5$,!Gf8D;0I:!,.5!;D9!#$4!;DZ!05,.'4!-.'%&4!15!%-54!('*!'1-5*A+$@!A5&'6+,+5-D!K,!+-!L%+,5!5#-3!,'!0#M5!,.5!-5,,+$@-!'$!,.5!,'B!-5,,+$@!H#4+$@!*'4!G-55!-%1-56,+'$!\E'B!75,,+$@!R#4+$@!^'4-]!+$!756,+'$!VD9DUD8ID!E'!-5,!,.5!6%**5$,!05,5*!!'$!;D9!45B,.!B'-+,+'$!G'*!;DZ!%B!(*'0!-,*5#0154I!'$!,.5!H#4+$@!*'4:!-+0B&3!4'%1&5-!,.5!A#&%5!'(!,.5!'1-5*A54!45B,.!#$4!('*!;DZ!45B,.!B'-+,+'$!G'*!;D9!%B!(*'0!-,*5#0154I!'$5F.#&(!'(!,.5!'1-5*A54!45B,.!'$!,.5!A5*$+5*!-5,,+$@!'(!,'B!-5,,+$@!H#4+$@!*'4D!!

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Example: Observed depth = 1.10 m. For the 0.2 depth (or 0.8 up from streambed), set 2.20 on vernier setting. For the 0.8 depth (or 0.2 up from streambed), set 0.55 on vernier setting.

[Note: The 0.2-0.8 method is not entirely satisfactory if the channel bed is very rough, irregular, or covered with aquatic growth. These conditions will often produce erratic results for the observation at the 0.8 depth. In some situations, more reliable results will be obtained by computing the average velocity on the basis of the 0.2 and 0.8 depths and averaging the computed value with the velocity from the 0.6 depth. This is known as the three-point (3 Pt.) method.]

[D! Uneven Channel Bed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

!Figure 52: Defining the breakpoint (Courtesy: WSC).

4.2.5.2 Measuring from a Bridge

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4.2.6.1 Errors Affecting Accuracy

General

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Width Measurement

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Depth Measurement

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Measurement of Velocity

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Conclusions

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4.2.6.2 Computation Procedure for Mid-Section Method

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!

Figure 59: Mid-Section method of discharge measurement. (Typical stream cross-section with numbered verticals, Panel 6 is highlighted).

!

!Figure 60: Method for selection of edge verticals.

4.2.7 Documentation of Discharge Measurements K,!+-!5#-+5-,!,'!5A#&%#,5!#!.34*'05,*+6!*56'*4!-%665--(%&&3!H.5$!,.5!-%BB'*,+A5!A#&%5-!#$4!'1-5*A#,+'$-!.#A5!155$!H5&&!4'6%05$,54D!X#6.!-5@05$,!'(!,.5!*56'*4!0%-,!6'$,#+$!,.5!$565--#*3!+45$,+(+6#,+'$:!-%BB'*,!A#&%5-!#$4!+$('*0#,+'$D!J-!05$,+'$54!5#*&+5*!4'6%05$,#,+'$!

Chapter 4: Discharge Measurement Procedures -...

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