CHAPTER 4Carbon Compounds

4.1Carbon Compounds

What are carbon compounds?

Compounds that contains

carbon atoms combine with other elements such as hydrogen and oxygen

Carbon compounds

Organic compounds Inorganic compounds

From living things Not from living things

Examples• sugar

• protein• starch

Examples• Carbon dioxide

• Sodium carbonate• Chalk

Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Living things Sources Non living things

CHO

Non-metallic

Elements

Metallic/Non-metallic

CO M

Metallic/Non-metallic

CombustibilityCan burn Cannot burn

Organic Compounds

Inorganic Compounds

Hydrocarbon

What are hydrocarbons?

CarbonHydrogen

Compounds which consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms only

Examples

Methane, CH4 Petrol

Is glucose, C6H12O6

a hydrocarbon? Why?

Sources of Hydrocarbonns

Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

4.2 Alcohol

Is alcohol an organic compound?

Why?

Alcohols

Organic compounds

Contain CHO

Examples

Methanol

Ethanol

Propanol

The Production of Ethanol

glucose + yeast → ethanol + Carbon dioxide

Fermentation

Fractional Distillation

Properties

of Alcohol

÷

Colourless liquid

Soluble in water/ miscible in water

Low

boiling point

Burn with a blue flame

Reacts with organic acid to form ester

ethanol + Organic acid

→ ester + water

Esterification

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Sweet smell

Uses of Alcohols

fuels solvents

alcoholic

drinks

esters

disinfectants cosmetics

4.3 Fats

Fats

• Essential food class

• Contain CHO

• Organic compounds

• From plants or animals

Palm oil

Peanut oil

meat

butter

Animals Plants

Fats

Saturated fats Unsaturated fats

Differences Between Saturated and Unsaturated Fats

Animals Sources Plants

Solid

higher

State at room temperature

Melting Point

liquid

lower

Cholesterol / LDLhigher lower

Type of carbon bondsSingle bonds

With double bonds

Effects of consuming excessive fats

• Obesity

• High cholesterol

• High blood pressure

• Heart attacks

• strokes

Classify

Saturated fats

Unsaturated fats

palm oil

peanut

butter olive corn

cheesecream

coconut oil

endocarp

÷

Mesocarp

Kernel

Extraction of Palm Oil

Sterilisation Stripping / separation

Crushing / Digestion

Extraction Filtration Purification

Uses of Palm Oil

Edible Uses Inedible Uses

• Cooking oil• Margarine• Ice cream

• Coffee creamer• chocolate

• Soap• Candles

• Cosmetics• Printing ink

• fuels

The Production of Soap

Oil + alkali → soap + glycerol

Saponofication

1 Which of the following substances does not contain the element of carbon?

A sugar B proteins C common salt D cotton

2 Which pair is correct?

Organic Compounds

Inorganic compounds

A Calcium carbonate protein

B Milk rice

C Carbon dioxide Baking soda

D Palm oil marble

3 Examples of inorganic compounds areI paperII sodium carbonateIII chalk

A I only B I and II C II and III D I, II and III

4 Which of the following elements are present in hydrocarbons?

A carbon and oxygen B carbon and hydrogen C hydrogen and halogens D carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

5. Which of the following is the property of ethanol?

A It burns with a blue flame B It is insoluble in water C It has high boiling point D It reacts with alkali to produce ester

6. Ethanol + Organic acid → X + water

What is X?

A alcohol B soap C ester D yeast

7. The following information shows the uses of substance Y. What is Y?

•Candle•Margarine

•Body lotion

A starch B palm oil B petroleum D alcohol

8. The following equation show the process of glucose + yeast→ ethanol + carbon dioxide

A saponification B fermentation C esterification D combustion

9. Which of the following is true about unsaturated fat? A derived from animals B High cholesterol content C liquid at room temperature D caused blockage of arteries

10. Which part A, B, C and D contains the most oil?

A

÷

B

D

C