Mesopotamia & Sumer Mesopotamia & Sumer K-lee Flores & Janay Rocha.
Chapter 4 Books: The Birth of the Mass Media. Development of Writing Approx. 3500 BC: Writing...
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Books: The Birth of the Mass Media. Development of Writing Approx. 3500 BC: Writing...
![Page 1: Chapter 4 Books: The Birth of the Mass Media. Development of Writing Approx. 3500 BC: Writing originates in Egypt or Mesopotamia Earliest writing was.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022110209/56649e435503460f94b366df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 4Books:
The Birth of the Mass Media
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Development of Writing
• Approx. 3500 BC: Writing originates in Egypt or Mesopotamia
• Earliest writing was pictographs and ideographs; symbols that stand for ideas
• Approx. 2000 BC: Phonography begins; symbols stand for sounds
• 1700 – 1500 BC: Alphabets developed; letters stand for sounds
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Development of Paper
• 3100 BC: Egyptians develop papyrus, writing surface made from papyrus reed.
• Parchment – Writing surface from skin of goats and sheep; much less fragile than papyrus.
• 240- 105 BC: Paper developed by Chinese; moves to Europe in mid-11th century.
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Development of Books
• Earliest books were papyrus scrolls• 400-800 AD: Religious books hand-copied by
monks in rooms called scriptoria.• 1200s: Licensed publishers distribute hand-
copied books such as The Canterbury Tales.
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The Invention of Mass Culture
• 1455: Gutenberg develops movable metal type, makes printing feasible.
• First mass-produced written word.
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Consequences of Gutenberg
• Standardized books and language• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation• Made possible transferring ideas beyond
community where they originated
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Books in the New World
• 1539: First New World printing press in Mexico City.
• 1640: Printing begins in North America with Whole Booke of Psalmes. Book became early export for colonies.
• 1731: Benjamin Franklin establishes early circulating (subscription) libraries. Went on to become popular author.
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Mass Produced Books
• 1814: Steam-powered rotary press• 1830s–1840s: Popularity of serial novels• Civil War era: Popularity of paperback dime
novels• Growth of inexpensive books, magazines, and
newspapers fuels growth of mass literacy
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The Book Business
• Publishers• Authors• Booksellers
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Publishers
• Major commercial publishers• University and small presses• Vanity presses and self-publishing• Government Printing Office
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Authors
• Not everyone is a star.• Many books have limited promotion.
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Book Writing Process
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Booksellers
• Wholesalers/distributors—Ingram Book Group• Major bookstore chains—Barnes & Noble is
largest bookseller• Independent booksellers—American
Bookseller’s Association• Mail-order book clubs
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Textbook Business
• Barnes & Noble has major campus bookstore division
• GAO estimates on the average, a student spends $900 a year on textbooks
• Schools try variety of ways to lower costs• Schools experimenting with e-book readers• Authors/publishers make nothing on used
books
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Great Books vs. Popular Books
• Nathaniel Hawthorne vs. the “scribblers”• Popularity of domestic novels• Stephen King —“The literary equivalent of a
Big Mac and a large fries.”• Vampires, wizards, and the NYT Best Seller list
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Books and Censorship
• Book banning in the United States is generally local and involves taking books out of libraries or off school reading lists
• Globally, authors can have works banned, threats of violence and death
• Salman Rushdie—The Satanic Verses• Sherry Jones—The Jewel of Medina
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Books and the Long Tail
• Amazon.com—Offering all books rather than a selection of books
• Electronic publishing and print-on-demand• Importance of e-book readers such as the
Kindle, Nook, or iPad