Chapter 4 and 5 Review

What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a volcanic eruption or flood?

primary su

ccessi

on

old-field su

ccessi

on

seco

ndary su

ccessi

on

clim

ax community

25% 25%25%25%

1. primary succession2. old-field succession3. secondary succession4. climax community

What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?

food w

eb

energy p

yramid

food ch

ain

energy t

ransfe

...

25% 25%25%25%

1. food web2. energy pyramid3. food chain4. energy transfer

Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?

leopard

seal

shark

Algae

kille

r whale

25% 25%25%25%

1. leopard seal2. shark3. Algae4. killer whale

Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?

breaking down ...

pioneer plants.

..

growth

of plan...

appearance of ..

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses

2. pioneer plants begin to grow after glacial melting

3. growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by fire

4. appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface

Succession is possible because

clim

ates c

hang...

it is

a rapid ...

existing plant..

.

new specie

s ma..

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. climates change over time.2. it is a rapid and chaotic process

that is very difficult to control.3. existing plants reproduce quickly.4. new species make the

environment less suitable for previous ones.

Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they

do not releas

e...

allow ca

rbon t..

.

have specia

l b...

are chemica

lly...

25% 25%25%25%

1. do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration.

2. allow carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis.

3. have special bacteria that live in their root systems.

4. are chemically converted into fossil fuels when burned.

Consumers are organisms that

eat only

other..

.

get s

olar or o

...

are also known...

occupy a

n ecos..

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. eat only other animal species.

2. get solar or other energy indirectly.

3. are also known as self-feeders.

4. occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level.

Where would you not find primary succession?

a new islan

d f...

a gravel-fille

...

a lock

ed, aban...

the Amazo

n Rai...

25% 25%25%25%

1. a new island formed by a volcanic eruption

2. a gravel-filled valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently

3. a locked, abandoned asphalt parking lot in New York City

4. the Amazon Rain Forest

What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their

seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth?

Fire

Windsto

rm Fl

ood

drought

25% 25%25%25%

1. Fire2. Windstorm3. Flood4. drought

Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species?

Lich

en sh

rub

Gras

s

oak tree

25% 25%25%25%

1. Lichen2. shrub3. Grass4. oak tree

Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of years ago?

Coal

natura

l gas

Oil

phosphate sa

lt...

25% 25%25%25%

1. Coal2. natural gas3. Oil4. phosphate salts

If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to

use?

90 percent

10 percent

50 percent

1 percent

25% 25%25%25%

1. 90 percent2. 10 percent3. 50 percent4. 1 percent

Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?

Deco

mposers

omnivore

s

Herb

ivores

carn

ivores

25% 25%25%25%

1. Decomposers2. omnivores3. Herbivores4. carnivores

Which two kingdoms contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food?

protists

and p...

fungi

and prot..

.

fungi

and plan...

plants and ani...

25% 25%25%25%

1. protists and plants2. fungi and protists3. fungi and plants4. plants and animals

Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are

fungi.

protists

.

bacteria

.

sponge

s

25% 25%25%25%

1. fungi.2. protists.3. bacteria.4. sponges

Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

Roots

leave

s

Inse

cts

oxygen

25% 25%25%25%

1. Roots2. leaves3. Insects4. oxygen

One way that bacteria and fungi are important to the environment is that they

produce

oxyge

n...

use th

e sun’s

...

are a major f

o...

break down dea...

25% 25%25%25%

1. produce oxygen.2. use the sun’s energy to

make their own food.3. are a major food source in

many ecosystems.4. break down dead

organisms.

Which of the following best describes a population?

members

of the...

all the re

d bi...

all typ

es of o

...

all members

of...

25% 25%25%25%

1. members of the same species living in the same place at the same time

2. all the red birds in an forest, park and zoo

3. all types of organisms living in the same place at different times

4. all members of the same species

Humans have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to insecticides by

tryin

g to co

nt...

using in

secti

c...

using th

e wro

n...

using herb

icid...

25% 25%25%25%

1. trying to control pests with chemicals.

2. using insecticides that are outdated.

3. using the wrong insecticide.4. using herbicides

Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem?

abiotic fac

tor..

.

unnecessa

ry fa...

biotic facto

rs

selecti

on fact.

..

25% 25%25%25%

1. abiotic factors2. unnecessary factors3. biotic factors4. selection factors

Which of the following converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?

Bacte

ria

protists

Fungi

animals

25% 25%25%25%

1. Bacteria2. protists3. Fungi4. animals

Most scientists classify organisms into

five kingdoms.

thre

e kingdoms...

six k

ingdoms.

two gro

ups.

25% 25%25%25%

1. five kingdoms.2. three kingdoms.3. six kingdoms.4. two groups.

In order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is “naturally selected for” must

live a lo

ng ti...

repro

duce.

leave

the ar

ea...

coevolve.

25% 25%25%25%

1. live a long time.2. reproduce.3. leave the area.4. coevolve.

The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other is

artificia

l sel...

selecti

ve bree...

coevolution.

resis

tance

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. artificial selection.2. selective breeding.3. coevolution.4. resistance.

An organism is resistant to a chemical if it

has a ge

ne that

protects

i...

it evo

lved overnight t

o b...

did not eat a

nything w

it...

All of t

he above

25% 25%25%25%

1. has a gene that protects it from the chemical.

2. it evolved overnight to be resistant to it

3. did not eat anything with the chemical on it.

4. All of the above

Some organisms are more likely to survive because they

have certa

in physical tr

aits.

engage in

certa

in behavi...

lack

certa

in physica

l traits

.

All of t

he above

25% 25%25%25%

1. have certain physical traits.2. engage in certain

behaviors.3. lack certain physical traits.4. All of the above

The community of a pond is made up of all the

abiotic fac

tor..

.

reso

urces o

rga...

habitats

in an...

populations of..

.

25% 25%25%25%

1. abiotic factors in the water.2. resources organisms need.3. habitats in and around the

water.4. populations of fish, insects,

and other living organisms.

The organisms most likely to belong to the same species are

people at a fo

...

birds i

n a fo

r...

bacteria

insid

...

fish in

a pond...

25% 25%25%25%

1. people at a football game.2. birds in a forest.3. bacteria inside a person’s body.4. fish in a pond.

The energy in most ecosystems comes from

green plants.

wind.

the su

n. co

ws

25% 25%25%25%

1. green plants.2. wind.3. the sun.4. cows

Which of the following is not an ecosystem?

Dese

rt

cora

l reef

oak fore

st

utility pole

25% 25%25%25%

1. Desert2. coral reef3. oak forest4. utility pole