Chapter 4

Verbs

Part 1

VerbA word used to express an action, condition, or a state of being.

Action VerbTells what the subject does. This can be physical or mental.

Linking VerbLinks the subject to a word in the predicate.

Linking Verb

is, am, are, was, were, been, being, appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, taste

Helping VerbHelps the main verb express the degree of meaning.

Helping Verbbe, am, is, are, was, were, been, being, do, does, did, have, has, had, could, should, would, may, might, must, can, shall, will

Verb PhraseHelping verb and main verb.

1. Antz is an example of feature-length animation.

a. action verbb. linking verbc. helping verbd. verb phrase

B

2. The filmmakers will create the graphics on computers.

a. action verb

b. linking verb

c. helping verb

d. verb phrase

D

3. Real ants are nothing like the ones in the film.

a. action verbb. linking verbc. helping verbd. verb phrase

C

4. The filmmakers created the graphics on computers.

a. action verb

b. linking verb

c. helping verb

d. verb phrase

A

5. In the movie, a worker ant falls in love with a princess ant.

a. action verbb. linking verbc. helping verbd. verb phrase

A

6. The worker and the princess will escape to the outside world.

a. action verbb. linking verbc. helping verbd. verb phrase

D

Direct ObjectA noun or pronoun that names the receiver of the action. Answers “what” or “whom”.

Indirect ObjectTells to what or whom or for what or whom an action is done.

Transitive VerbsAn action verb that has a direct object.

Intransitive VerbAn action verb that does not have a direct object.

Subject Complementa word that a linking verb connects its subject to

Predicate NounA noun that follows a linking verb and identifies , renames, or defines the subject.

Predicate AdjectiveFollows a linking verb and modifies (describes) the subject.

1. Steven Spielberg has given us many hit movies.

a. direct objectb. indirect objectc. predicate nound. predicate adjective

B

2. Spielberg made his first film at age 12.

a. direct objectb. indirect objectc. predicate nound. predicate adjective

A

3.He staged the wreck of two toy trains.

a. direct objectb. indirect objectc. predicate nound. predicate adjective

A

4. The job title “continuity clerk” may seem unimpressive.

a. direct objectb. indirect objectc. predicate nound. predicate adjective

D

5. But a continuity clerk is an important person on a movie set.

a. direct objectb. indirect objectc. predicate nound. predicate adjective

C

6. The continuity clerk’s tasks are very tedious.

a. direct object

b. indirect object

c. predicate noun

d. predicate adjective

D

LieTo rest in a flat position

LayTo put or place

SitTo be seated

SetTo put or place

RiseTo move upward, to get out of bed

RaiseTo lift, to care for, to bring up

MayTo be allowed to

CanTo be able to

1. Do the most talented artists (raise/rise) to the top?

rise

2. In Hollywood, they (may not/cannot).

cannot

3. Most studio heads don’t want to (sit/set) down with anyone who hasn’t made a successful commercial movie.

sit

4. But film festivals give young filmmakers a chance to (lie/lay) their reputations on the line.

lay

5. They (raise/rise) the hopes of artists who might not otherwise have a chance.

raise

6. They (sit/set) their sights on quality instead of money.

set

7. Winning at a festival can help a filmmaker (raise/rise) money for distributing his or her film.

raise

8. Success (lies/lays) ahead for some of these artists.

lays

9. They (sit/set) a festival’s tone with movies about important themes.

set

10. Festival participation might not help, but it (may not, cannot) hurt.

may not

The End

of Part 1

Part 2

Simple Tenses

PresentShows that an action or

condition happens now.

PastShows that an action or

condition was completed in the past.

FutureShows that an action or

condition will happen.

Tense Singular Plural

Present I aid/ you aid/ he, she, it aids

We aid/ you aid/ they aid

Past I aided/ you aided/ he, she, it aided

We aided/ you aided/ they aided

Future I will aid/ you will aid/ he, she, it will aid

We will aid/ you will aid/ they will aid

1. The sun rose.

past

2. The sun warms the earth.

present

3. The warm night air will dry the puddles.

future

4. Jim Smith watched his first movie at the age of seven.

past

5. Smith lives in a remote corner of Wales.

present

6. He says he will always live there.

future

Progressive Tenses

Tense Helping Verbs

Ending

Present Am, Is, Are -ing

Past Was, Were -ing

Future Will be -ing

1. The sun is chasing the clouds away.

present progressive

2. It will be snowing before long.

future progressive

3. Last month, snow was falling every day.

past progressive

4. Randall was viewing the sun set.

past progressive

5. He will be watching the clouds turn varied colors.

future progressive

6. We are still enjoying the snow.

present progressive

Perfect Tenses

Tense Helping Verbs

Ending

Present Has, Have -ed

Past Had -ed

Future Will have -ed

1. I have walked every day for a month.

present perfect

2. The window had cracked before the storm.

past perfect

3. The ice will have melted before the weekend.

future perfect

4. Audiences have watched movies for more than a century.

present perfect

5. In twenty years, movies will have lost none of their appeal.

future perfect

6. Before 1900, movies had lasted only a minute or two.

past perfect

The End