Chapter 36 Sensory Reception.
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Transcript of Chapter 36 Sensory Reception.
Chapter 36Sensory
Reception
Sensory Receptors
• Mechanoreceptors– Pressure, position, and
acceleration
• Thermoreceptors– Heat
• Pain Receptors (Nociceptors)
– Pain and tissue damage
• Chemoreceptors– Chemical and pH
changes in fluids • Osmoreceptors
– Water volume
• Photoreceptors– Visible and UV light
Sensory Pathways
• Receptor endings of a sensory neuron are stimulated by stepping on a tack
Sensory Adaptation
• Increase in frequency corresponds to increases in strength of stimulus
The effects of increases in stimulus strength
Receptors Near the Body Surface
• Receptors in human skin
I. Sense of Taste–Chemoreceptor–4 Sensations
•Sweet, sour, salty, bitter
II. Sense of Smell
• Olfactory– Gases – Pheromones
Try this one
Ok one more
III. Components of the Human Ear
• External• Middle
– Stirrup– Anvil– Hammer
• Inner– Cochlea
A. Sense of Balance
Location of Internal Ear in Human
Sense of Balance
• Inner ear– Equilibrium– Fluid-filled sacs
• Vestibular apparatus– Hair cells– Otoliths– Linear Motion
• Semicircular canals– Rotational motion– Acceleration
Inside a Human Ear
Sense of Balance
B. Sense of Hearing
• Perception of Sounds
• Wavelength• Amplitude• Frequency
Sensory Reception in the Human Ear
• Cochlea– Acoustical
receptors– Hair cells
• Sound reception
C. Origin of Corti• Basilar membrane• Scala vestibuli• Scala tympani
• Another one?• Last one
IV. Sense of Vision
A. Eyes– Photoreceptors
• Pigments– Simple Eyes
B. Complex Eyes
• Developed eye– Lens– Cornea– Compound
• Photoreceptor
1. Structure and Function of Vertebrate Eyes
• Outer layer– Sclera & Cornea
• Middle layer– Choroid– Ciliary body– Iris & Pupil
• Inner layer– Retina– Lens– Vitreous body
2. Pattern of Retinal Stimulation
• Pattern– Upside-down and reversed left to right
3. Focusing MechanismsVisual Accommodation
• Ciliary Muscle
Far objects
Near objects
4. Organization of the Retina
Organization of the Retina• Rods
– Detect dim light– Rhodopsin
• Absorbs blue-to-green
• Cones– Detect bright light– Red, green, and blue
• Each with different pigment
Organization of Retina• Visual information
flows from photoreceptors to:
– Bipolar sensory neurons
– Ganglion cells– Horizontal cells – Amacrine cells
5. On to the Visual Cortex
• Right side of retina– Intercepts light from left half of visual field
• Left side of retina – Intercepts light from right half of visual field
• Optic Nerve - Signals from right visual field to left hemisphere, from left visual field to right hemisphere
On to the Visual Cortex
Disorders of the Human Eye
• Nearsighted vision– Focal point in in front of retina
Disorders of the Human Eye
• Farsighted Vision– Focal point occurs behind the retina