Chapter 330 Marine - wsdot.wa.gov 330 Marine 330.01 General ... • Consider construction methods...
Transcript of Chapter 330 Marine - wsdot.wa.gov 330 Marine 330.01 General ... • Consider construction methods...
WSF Terminal Design Manual M 3082.05 Page 330-1 April 2016
Chapter 330 Marine
330.01 General330.02 References330.03 DesignSpecificationsMatrix330.04 DesignConsiderations330.05 Vessels
330.06 TidalInformation330.07 Slips330.08 BerthingandMooringCriteria330.09 Wave,Flood,andCoastalStormLoading
330.01 GeneralThischapteridentifiesthemajormarinestructuresassociatedwithaferryterminalalongwiththespecificationsusedfortheirdesign.RefertoExhibit330-2forasamplelayoutofthemarinestructuresandthechapterscoveringtheirdesign.
Thischapteralsoprovidesguidelinesfordesigningtheferryterminalslipberthingstructures(wingwalls,fixeddolphins,andfloatingdolphins)inadditiontovesselandtidalinformationrelevanttotheirdesign.WingwallanddolphindesignarediscussedinmoredetailinChapters630, 640,and650.
Vashon Ferry Terminal Slip 1Exhibit 330-1
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Example Marine Structures LayoutExhibit 330-2
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Foradditionalinformation,seethefollowingchapters:
Chapter Subject 300 Accessibility 310 Security 320 EnvironmentalConsiderations 630 Wingwalls 640 FixedDolphins 650 FloatingDolphins
330.02 ReferencesUnlessotherwisenoted,anycode,standard,orotherpublicationreferencedhereinreferstothelatesteditionofsaiddocument.
(1) Federal/State Laws and Codes28CFRPart35 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services
33CFRPart66 Private Aids to Navigation
33CFRPart154 Facilities Transferring Oil or Hazardous Material in Bulk
33CFRPart165.1317 Security and Safety Zone; Large Passenger Vessel Protection, Puget Sound and adjacent waters
49CFRPart39 Transportation for Individuals with Disabilities – Passenger Vessels
49CFRPart661 Buy America Requirements – Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, as amended
WAC296-56 Safety Standards – longshore, stevedore and related waterfront operations
WAC296-56-60115 Other protective measures
WAC296-876 Ladders, portable and fixed
RCW 47.28.030 Contracts — State forces — Monetary limits — Small businesses, veteran, minority, and women contractors — Rules — Work on ferry vessels and terminals, ferry vessel program
(2) DesignCodesandSpecificationsAASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Specifications(AASHTOLRFD),AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials,Washington,D.C.
AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design(AASHTOGuide),AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials,Washington,D.C.
AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridges Vulnerable To Coastal Storms,AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials,Washington,D.C.
AASHTOLRFDMovable Highway Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTOMovable),AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials,Washington,D.C.
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AASHTOLRFDGuide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges(AASHTOPedestrian),AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials,Washington,D.C.
ASCE Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10, 2010,AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,Reston,VA.
ASCE Seismic Design of Piers and Wharves, ASCE/COPRI 61-14,2014,AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,Reston,VA.
ASCE Flood Resistant Design and Construction, ASCE/SEI 24-14,2014,AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,Reston,VA.
FEMACoastal Construction Manual: Principles and Practices of Planning, Siting, Designing, Constructing, and Maintaining Residential Buildings in Coastal Areas, FEMA P-55,2011,FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,WashingtonD.C.
Bridge Design Manual LRFD,M23-50
Design: Moorings, Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 4-159-03,October2005,DepartmentofDefense,WashingtonD.C.
Design: Piers and Wharves, UFC 4-152-01,July28,2005,DepartmentofDefense,WashingtonD.C.
International Building Code,InternationalCodeCouncil,WashingtonD.C.
General Special Provisions,WashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation,Olympia,WA.
Design ManualM22-01
Plans Preparation ManualM22-31
Private Aids to Navigation,WSFTerminalEngineeringLibrary
Region General Special Provisions, WSF
General Structural Notes, WSF
Safety Management System (SMS) Manual, United States Coast Guard(USCG)
Shoreline Master Program (SMP) Handbook,WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology
Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction(Standard Specifications)M41-10
(3) Supporting InformationLife Cycle Cost Model(LCCM),WSF
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330.03 DesignSpecificationsMatrix
Terminal Structure AA
SHTO
LR
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Specificatio
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]
AA
SHTO
LR
FD
Mov
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Brid
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Des
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Spec
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Was
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6-56
Bulkhead XTrestle X XTransfer Span & Apron X X XGangway/Gangplank X X XFixed Pedestrian OHL X XMovable Pedestrian OHL X X X XTerminal Buildings & Toll Booths X XLadders/Stairs - Employee X XStairs - Public XGuardrail/Railing – Employee X X XGuardrail/Railing – Public X XWingwalls XDolphins X
[1] AASHTOLRFDSpecificationsincludethefollowing: Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,
and LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges[2] WSF Terminal Design Manual guidelines are intended to supplement design codes
where applicable.
StructuralDesignSpecificationsMatrixExhibit 330-3
330.04 Design Considerations(1) Accessibility
Whereverpedestrianfacilitiesareintendedtobeapartofatransportationfacility,28CFRPart35requiresthatthosepedestrianfacilitiesmeetADAguidelines.Federalregulationsrequirethatallnewconstruction,reconstruction,oralterationofexistingtransportationfacilitiesbedesignedandconstructedtobeaccessibleanduseablebythosewithdisabilitiesandthatexistingfacilitiesberetrofittedtobeaccessible.
Additionally,49CFRPart39prohibitsownersandoperatorsofpassengervesselsfromdiscriminatingagainstpassengersonthebasisofdisability,requiresvesselsandrelatedfacilitiestobeaccessible,andrequiresownersandoperatorsofvesselstotakestepstoaccommodatepassengerswithdisabilities.
Designpedestrianfacilitiestoaccommodatealltypesofpedestrians,includingchildren,adults,theelderly,andpersonswithmobility,sensory,orcognitivedisabilities.RefertoChapter300foraccessibilityrequirements.
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(2) SecurityChapter310includesageneraldiscussionoftheUnitedStatesCoastGuard(USCG)three-tieredsystemofMaritimeSecurity(MARSEC)levels,vesselsecurityrequirements,andadditionalinformationpertainingtomarinedesign.Belowarelinkstorelevantsectionsbytopic.CoordinatewiththeWSFCompanySecurityOfficer(CSO)regardingdesignissuespertainingtosecurity.Inaddition,coordinatewiththeUSCGandMaritimeSecurityforallterminals,theUnitedStatesCustomsandBorderProtection(USCBP)forinternationalterminals,andtheTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)forTransportationWorkerIdentificationCertification(TWIC)andSensitiveSecurityInformation(SSI).• MARSECLevels:310.04 • VesselSecurity:310.05• WatersideStructures:310.09• AccessControl/RestrictedAreas/TWIC:310.10• Signage:310.13
(3) Environmental ConsiderationsRefertoChapter320forgeneralenvironmentalrequirementsanddesignguidance.RefertotheprojectNEPA/SEPAdocumentationforproject-specificenvironmentalimpactsandmitigation.
(4) Operations and MaintenanceConsultwithWSFOperationsandTerminalEngineeringMaintenanceforconsiderationofthefollowingoperationsandmaintenanceissues:• Minimizerepairandmaintenancerequiredduringthedesignlife.• Specifypaintcolorsonthedarkersidetohelpreduceoxidationprocess.• Providebirddeterrenceasnecessary• Accommodatenavigationalaidsasrequired• Considerconstructionmethodsandphasingimpactstovesselandterminaloperations.
• ProvidecorrosionprotectionofsteelpilesasrequiredtoachievethedesignlifespecifiedintheLife Cycle Cost Model (LCCM).
• Accommodateaccessibilityforrepaircrews• Accommodateinspectionaccessforfederalregulations
Notethatbirddeterrencecanincludebirdwireandbirdpointsystems,butstructurescanalsobedesignedsoastonotprovidenestingopportunitiesforbirds.
Additionally,designstructuresandfacilitiessothatmaintenanceactivitiescanbecompletedincompliancewithOSHA/WISHArequirements.
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(5) Vessel RestraintWSFhasbeeninvestigatingthedevelopmentofavesselrestraintsystemasonemeansofreducingfuelconsumptionwhilethevesselisdockedandunloadingandloadingpassengersandvehicles.Currently,vesselcaptainsapplysignificantenginethrustpushingthevesselagainstthewingwallsanddolphinstoensurethevesseldoesnotdriftawayfromthesestructures.Bydevelopingamechanicalmeanstoholdthevesselinposition,thisthrustcanbereducedandsignificantfuelandcostsavingscanbeachieved.Onesystemcurrentlyunderstudyisavacuum-basedautomatedmooringtechnology.
Wherevesselrestrainthasbeenidentifiedtobeafeasibleandcost-effectivecomponentofaslip’sinfrastructure,incorporatetheappropriatesystemintotheberthingaidarrangement.
(6) Proprietary ItemsWSFusescompetitivelyacquiredproductstofulfilltherequirementsofacontractwhereverfeasibletohelpachievethelowestprice,thebestquality,andthemostefficientuseofresources.Thereareinstancesinwhichcompetitivebiddingmaynotorcannotbeprovidedandaspecificproprietaryproductisallowed.RefertoSection220.07(2)forlimitationsontheuseofproprietaryitems.
(7) Long Lead Time ItemsConsiderpotentiallongleadtimeitemsforthecontractortoprocureinboththedesignandtheconstructionschedules.Manylongleadtimeitemswillbeshop-fabricatedandassembledoff-sitepriortodeliveryforinstallation.Includeathoroughshopdrawingpreparationsubmittalandreviewprocessfortheseitems.AlsotherequirementofFederalFundingPartnerstobuyAmerican-producedsteeltomeettheBuyAmericarequirementsper49CFRPart661forsteelproductsmayrequireadditionaltimeduetothemillrollingschedulesofthevariousdomesticsteelmanufacturers.Thisprocurementprocesscouldtakeanywherefromsixtoninemonths.Otherstrategiestoaccommodatelongleadtimesincludeadvancedpurchase,usingWSFstock,anddelayofthecontracttoallowforprocurement.
Typicallongleadtimeitemsinclude:• Steelpipepiles• Precastprestressedconcretepiles• Precastprestressedconcretedeckmembers• Marinefenders• UHMWpolyethylenerubbingfaces• Wingwalltimbers• Hydraulicliftcylinders,pumpsandvalvesfortheVTSandOHLsystems• Sheavesandblocks• Hoistmotors• Steelchainsforfloatingdolphins
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(8) Design LifeDesignlifeisbasedonthecurrentLife Cycle Cost Model(LCCM)asrequiredbytheWashingtonStateOfficeofFinancialManagement(OFM).RefertoTable1forthedesignlifeofnewstructures(asof2007)andTable2fordesignlifeofstructurespriorto2007,inthe2010Life Cycle Cost ModelUpdate(2010LCCM)forinformationonwhenexistingmarinestructuresandtheirsystemsaredueforreplacement.ConfirmdesignlivesgivenbelowareconsistentwiththecurrentLCCM.Replacementlifemaybereducedduetofunctionalobsolescence.Replacementlifeofberthingstructuresalsomaybereducedduetodamagefromvesselimpact.
(9) Corrosion MitigationCorrosionistheprimaryfactorinthelifespanreductionofastructureinthemarineenvironment.Forthosestructuralcomponentsthatrelyonsteeltoprovidestrength,developacorrosionprotectionprogram(includingcoatingsand/orreservematerial)tomeettheirdesignlivesassetforthintheLCCM.Provideaplanforpreservingthecorrosionprotectionsystemforthedesignlifeofthestructure.Basedesignonthefollowingestimatedcorrosionlossratesforbaresteel:• Atmosphericzone:0.004inchperyear• Splashzone:0.006inchperyear• Tidalzone:0.004inchperyear• Submergedzone:0.003inchperyear• Otherzones:0.001inchperyear
Considerthesite-andstructure-specificcorrosionprotectionmethodsbelowforuseinthedesign,basedonlifecyclecosts.
(a) Reinforced Concrete Shafts and Cast-in-place Concrete Piles• Use aminimum3-inchconcretecoverforreinforcingsteel.• UsestandardWSDOTClass4000Pconcretemix.• Useepoxy-coatedsteelreinforcement.
(b) Steel Pipe Piles• CoatallpilesinaccordancewiththepilecoatingsystemspecifiedinthecurrentWSFRegionGeneralSpecialProvisionscoveringpaintingofsteelpiling.Thebottom20feetofpilemaybeuncoated
• TheminimumrequireddesignthicknessofthepilesshallbeshownintheContractPlansforthevariouscorrosionzoneslistedabove.
• Coatingswillbemaintainedbasedontheresultsofrequiredinspectionsperformedeverytwoyears.
(c) Steel Framing• CoatallsteelaccordancewiththecoatingsystemspecifiedinthecurrentWSDOT
Standard Specifications assupplementedbytheWSFRegionGeneralSpecialProvisioncoveringpaintingofsteel.
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(d) Cast-in-place and Precast Concrete• Allcast-in-placesuperstructuremembers(includingpilecaps)thatarenotprestressedshallmeettheserviceabilityrequirementsofParagraph5.7.3.4ofAASHTOLRFDBridge Design Specifications.Useanexposurefactorγeof0.60.
• Precastprestressedstructuresshallbedesignedforzeronettensionforserviceloadcombinationswhichincludedeadloadandliveload.
• Innon-prestressedconcrete,theconcretecovershallbe3inchesforallreinforcingsteel.Forprestressingsteelinitseffectivezone,2inchesofconcretecoverisallowed.Prestressingisnotfullyeffectiveattheendofabeamandthereforethecovershouldbe3inchesattheendofthebeamorpanel.
• UsestandardWSDOTconcretemixes.• Useepoxy-coatedsteelreinforcement.
(10) Scour and Mudline ElevationsDeterminemudlineelevationsforstructuralandgeotechnicaldesignfromlinesoundingsandpredictedscouroverthelifeofthestructure.Considertheeffectsofpileremovalactivities(includingclamshellingoftimberpilesandpilestubs)andscourcoincidentwithoradjacenttothepilesorshaftsinestablishingthedesignmudlineelevationsforthestructuresatthestartandendoftheirdesignlife.Considertheeffectsofchangingdesignmudlineelevationsontheperformanceofthestructures(intermsofstrengthanddisplacement)overtheirdesignlife.Ingeneral,whenclamshellingoccursatthelocationofnewpiles,discountthetopfivefeetofsoilbasedontheassumptionitisdisturbed.Scouriscausedbyferryvesselpropellerwashandtidalcurrents.Theestimatedscourdepthsareafunctionofsoilpropertiesandpastscouratthelocationsofthestructures.Thepileremovalactivitiesandscoureffectsarenotadditive(i.e.,whenclamshellingandscourbothoccur,usethemaximumdiscountedsoildepth).IfamoreaccurateanalysisofscouriswarrantedtheWSFMaintenancegrouphasannualrecordsatallslipsavailableforreview.
ConsulttheWSDOTGeotechnicalBranchtoreviewtheseguidelinesandtodeterminewhetherlessormoresoilshouldbediscountedbasedonthesoilsatthelocationofthestructureunderconsideration.
(11) Geotechnical RequirementsDesigngeotechnicalelementsinaccordancewiththeGeotechnicalRecommendationsprovidedbytheWSDOTGeotechnicalBranch.TheGeotechnicalRecommendationswilltypicallyinclude:• Site-specificseismicdesign• Liquefactionandlateralspreading
– Slopestability– Downdragforces– Axialcapacityoffoundationelements– InputdataforL-Pilelateralanalysis– Groupreductionfactorsduetopilespacing– Lateralforcesforbulkheaddesign– Constructabilityrecommendationsincludingtypeandcapacityofpiledrivingequipmentanduseofcuttingshoes.
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(12) MaterialsSpecificationUtilizematerialsthatareinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheWSDOTStandard SpecificationsandWSFGeneral Structural NotesandRegion General Special Provisions.
MakeuseofWSFstockpilesofmaterialswherepossible;howeverBuyAmericaandBuyAmericanrequirementsneedtobeaddressedbeforeapprovaltousestockpiledmaterialsisallowed.EarlyconsultationwithHQDesignASDEisrecommended.Stateforcelaborlimitsalsoapply(refertoRCW 47.28.030formoreinformation).
FormaterialrequirementsoffederallyfundedprojectsincludingtherequirementforAmerican-madesteelreferto49CFRPart661. See Section220.07(3)BuyAmericaandBuyAmerican,foradditionalinformation.
(13) Miscellaneous ConsiderationsUsestandardWSFstructureswhereappropriate.
(14) Right of Way and Sundry Site PlansRightofWayPlansaretheofficialstatedocumentsusedasthebasistoacquirerealestateandotherpropertyrightsforroadways.Itistheresponsibilityoftheregiontoprepareplansfortheacquisitionofrightsofway(R/W),includingeasements,permits,andanysubstantiatingdocumentationnecessaryforcompletionoftheplans.VerificationofownershipofexistingR/Wisalsorequired.
ASundrySitePlanisusedtomappropertythatcannotbeshownonaRightofWayPlansuchasferryterminals,wetlandsmitigationsites,parkandridelots,stockpilesites,andstormwaterretentionorotherreclamationsites.
BothRightofWayPlansandSundrySitePlansconveylegalinformationregardingpropertyboundaries.RightofWayPlansaretypicallybasedonroadwayalignmentswhereasSundrySitePlansarenotbasedonroadwayalignments.Whentheboundariesofanexistingferryterminalaremodified,thecorrespondingRightofWayPlansandSundrySitePlansmustalsobemodified.TheSundrySitePlancontainsallterminalpropertyinformationwiththeexceptionofpropertyonhighwayrightofway.RefertotheWSDOTPlans Preparation ManualforadditionalinformationregardingRightofWayandSundrySitePlans.Toobtaintitlereportsordetermineifanyacquisition,easements,leasesorrightofentryagreementsmaybeneededfortheproject,contacttheWSDOTregionalorheadquartersRealEstategroup.
WSDOThasdecisionauthorityonstaterightofwayinunincorporatedareasandwithincitiesbelowaspecifiedpopulationassetforthintheWSDOTDesign Manual. WSDOTalsomaintainsdecisionauthorityinlimitedaccessareas.ObtainapprovalthroughthelocalWSDOTregionandtheHQRightofWayOfficeformodificationstostaterightofwayinunincorporatedareas.CoordinatewithbothWSDOTandthelocaljurisdictionforimprovementsandanyassociatedpermitrequirementswithinincorporatedareas.
(15) DNR Leased PropertyWSFleasesoffshorestate-ownedlandthroughtheWashingtonStateDepartmentofNaturalResources(DNR)atseveralexistingterminals.ADNRauthorizationtousestate-ownedaquaticlandsisrequiredifprojectswilloccuronoroverstate-owned
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aquaticlands.TheuseofthislandisthroughaDNRauthorizationthatservesasalegalcontractthatoutlinesthetermsandconditionsofuseandconveyscertainpropertyrightstotheuser(WSF)inexchangeforrent.WSF/WSDOTisresponsibleforcontactingtheDNRearlyinthedesignprocesstodetermineanyrequirementsforattainingoralteringexistingleases.CoordinatewiththeWSDOTRightofWayBranchonissuesregardingDNRleasedproperty.
330.05 Vessels(1) Design Vessels
Exhibit330-4providesasummaryofthedesignvesselsforeachoftheWSFferryterminals.Designvesselsarebrokenoutintotwocategories.• UseCategoryIincludesvesselsthatwilltypicallyusetheterminal.Thesevesselswillbeusedduringalloperatingconditionsandwillbemooredovernightatterminalsthathavemooringfacilities.
• UseCategoryIIincludesvesselsthatwillbeutilizedassubstitutesforCategoryIvessels duringplannedmaintenanceactivities.Vesselswillbeinfrequentlymooredovernightatterminalsthathavemooringfacilities.
Terminal Jum
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ark
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Anacortes I I I II IIBainbridge Island I II Bremerton I I I IClinton I ICoupeville IEdmonds I I II II IIFauntleroy I I IIFriday Harbor I I I I II IIKingston I I II II IILopez I I I I II IIMukilteo II I I II IIOrcas I I I I II IIPointDefiance II II IPort Townsend ISeattle I I I I IShaw I I I I II IISouthworth I I IITahlequah II II IVashon I I II
Design VesselsExhibit 330-4
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(2) Vessel ParticularsRefertoAppendixOandExhibit330-6fordesignvesselparticulars.Designparticularsarethedimensional,capacityandotherpropertiesofthedesignvessel,especiallythosethatarerequiredforthedesignofthefacilitiesandstructuresthevesseluses.Theseincludethevessel’sdisplacement,length,beam,draft,freeboard,passengercapacityandvehiclecapacity.Thedisplacementisafunctionofthevessel’sweight,thecapacitiesofitsfuelandwatertanksaswellasitspassengerandvehiclecapacities.Whilethevessel’slengthandbeamareindependentofthedisplacement,thedraftisdirectlyproportionalandthefreeboardisinverselyproportionaltothedisplacement.Thevessel’sdraftiscriticaltothedesignofasliptoensureadequateclearancebetweenthevessel’skeelandenginesandtheslip’smudline.Thefreeboardisaprimaryfactorinthedesignoftide-dependentstructuressuchasthevehicletransferspan,overheadloading,andtie-upslipgangplanksystemsaswellasthewingwallanddolphinrubfaces.
Someparticularswillvaryasaresultofthedifferentlevelsofloadingavesselissubjectto.ThemostcommonconditionusedfordesignistermedtheOperationalVessel(orHeavyVessel)whichisdefinedastanksatfullcapacityandthefullcapacityofvehiclesandpassengersforwhichthevesselisdesignedandlicensed.However,avesselwillfrequentlybeemptyofvehiclesandpassengersandhaveeitherfullorpartiallyfulltanks.ThisconditionistermedtheLay-upVesselandresultsinthehighestfreeboardwhich,whencoupledwiththehighestdesigntide,givesthemaximumvesseldeckelevation.ThefollowingtableExhibit330-5illustratesthetwoloadingconditionsandtheirusesinthedesignofterminalfacilities.Operationsstaffwillprovideguidanceastowhichloadingcondition(s)aretobeusedforthedesignofparticularfacilities.
Loading Condition Definition Design ElementsOperational Vessel Full Tanks
Full Passenger Load Full Vehicle Load
Operating Slip Landing Aid Design Energy Low Tide Operational Range
Operating Slip Mudline ElevationLay-up Vessel Half-full or Full Tanks
No Passengers No Vehicles
Tie-up Slip Landing Aid Design Energy High Tide Operational Range Tie-up Slip Mudline Elevation Night Tie-up Mooring Range
Vessel ConditionsExhibit 330-5
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Vessel DiagramsExhibit 330-6
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(3) Vessel UtilitiesExhibit330-7identifiesthetypeofvesselutilitiesprovidedateachWSFterminal.Refertoutilitycriteriabelowforutilitiestobeprovided.SeeChapter560SiteUtilitiesforadditionalinformation.
Terminal Pota
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Anacortes X X X X X TruckBainbridge Island X X X Pier 15Bremerton X X X TruckClinton X X X TruckCoupeville X X TruckEdmonds X X X X X Pier 15Fauntleroy X X X X X TruckFriday Harbor X X X X X TruckKingston X X X Pier 15Lopez X X N/A*Mukilteo X X X X X TruckOrcas X X N/A*PointDefiance X X X X X TruckPort Townsend X X X X X TruckSeattle X X X X X Pier 15Shaw X X N/A*Southworth X X X TruckTahlequah X X TruckVashon X X X Truck
*No fueling takes place at terminal. Vessels are fueled by truck in Anacortes or Friday Harbor.
WSF Ferry Terminal Vessel UtilitiesExhibit 330-7
(a) Potable WaterProvideonedomesticwaterlineperslipforfillingfreshwatertanks.Mostvesselfreshwatersystemsutilize4-inchpipe.Sizetheshore-sidefreshwaterfillpipingtobeconsistentwiththeterminalservicepiping,usually1½-inchor2-inch.Thevesselswillbeprovidedwiththenecessaryfittingstoconnecttothesizeprovidedonthetransferspan.Connecttothemunicipalsystem.SeeSection560.04PotableWaterforadditionalinformation.
Incorporateineachtransferspandomesticwaterlineabackflowpreventerinaheatedenclosureorroomnearthetransferspanhingeline.Asanalternative,thebackflowpreventermaybeprotectedfromfreezingwithheattapeandinsulation.
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(b) Sewer Pump-outProvideone4-inchsewerpumpoutperslip.Connecttomunicipalsystem.Verifydischargeratewithrespecttotheexistingsystemcapacitywithlocalsewerdistrict.SeealsoSection560.04SanitarySewerforadditionalinformation.
(c) Solid WasteConsidercombiningvesselsolidwastecollectionareawithterminalbuildinggarbagecollectionarea.Providevehicularserviceaccesstothecollectionarea(s).
(d) Shore PowerProvideone200-amp,480-voltserviceconnectionperslip.TerminalsdesignedforJumboandJumboMarkIIdesignvesselsrequiretwo200-amp,480-voltserviceconnectionsperslip.SeeSection560.09SitePowerforadditionalinformation.
(e) Shore Power BackfeedProvideonevesselshorepowerbackfeedperslip.
(f) FuelVesselfuelingiseitherviatruckdeliveryortakesplaceatPier15offofHarborIsland.AlloftheislandterminalvesselsarefueledinAnacorteswiththeexceptionoftheinter-islandvesselwhichisfueledviatruckatFridayHarbor.RefertotheUSCGSafetyManagementSystem(SMS)proceduresforvesselfuelingrequirements.Containmentboomsarerequiredwherefuelingoperationsoccur.
(4) Vessel Routes and Terminal Locations
Exhibit330-8identifiestheexistingWSFferrysystemroutesandcorrespondingterminallocations.AppendixPandAppendixQcontainadditionalrouteandterminalreferencedata.
WSF Ferry System Routes and Terminal Locations
Exhibit 330-8
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(5) Vessel Security and Safety ZonesPer 33CFRPart165.1317,“thereisestablishedalargepassengervesselsecurityandsafetyzoneextendingfora500-yardradiusaroundalllargepassengervesselslocatedinthenavigablewatersoftheUnitedStatesinPugetSound,WA,eastof123°30'WestLongitude.[Datum:NAD1983].”Considerrequirementsofthemovingsecurityzone,establishedbyCaptainofthePortPugetSound,asfollows:• Vesselswithin500yardsmustoperateatminimumspeednecessarytomaintainsafecourseandrespondtodirectionsoftheWSFWatchOfficeroron-sceneofficialpatrolofficer.
• Vesselsandpersonsareprohibitedfromapproachingwithin100yards(underway)unlessauthorizedbyWSFortheon-scenepatrolofficer.
• Vesselsandpersonsareprohibitedfromapproachingwithin25yardsofanyWSFvesseldockedataterminal,withoutauthorization.
330.06 Tidal Information(1) Terminal Tidal Datums
ThegeneralarrangementofterminaltidaldatumsisillustratedinExhibit330-9.TidaldatumsaretabulatedinExhibit330-10.TheNorthAmericanVerticalDatumof1988(NAVD88)datumsweredeterminedfromasurveyoftheterminalsbytheWSDOTGeoMetrixGeodeticSurveyOffice.MeanHighWater(MHW)andMeanHigherHighWater(MHHW)werecalculatedusingVDatum3.2softwareprovidedbytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).ElevationsforNAVD88,MHW,andMHHWaregivenwithrespecttothedatumMLLW=0.00feet.Coordinatesusedtodeterminedatumscorrespondtoeachterminal’smainslipbridgeseatastabulatedinExhibit340-3. See AppendixXforadditionalinformation.
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(Values are from Anacortes Ferry Terminal. For values at other terminals see Exhibits 330-11, 330-12, and 340-3)
General Arrangement of Terminal Tidal Datums, Design Water Levels and Vertical Project Datum
Exhibit 330-9
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Datums: MHHW:MeanHigherHighWater MHW:MeanHighWater NAVD88:NorthAmericanVerticalDatumof1988 MLLW:MeanLowerLowWater
TerminalMLLW (Datum)
(Feet)NAVD88
(Feet)MHW (Feet)
MHHW (Feet)
Anacortes 0.00 0.55 7.31 8.05Bainbridge Island 0.00 2.51 10.52 11.31Bremerton 0.00 2.50 10.86 11.74Clinton 0.00 2.05 10.23 11.10Coupeville 0.00 1.12 7.78 8.59Edmonds 0.00 2.05 10.07 10.93Fauntleroy 0.00 2.52 10.67 11.55Friday Harbor 0.00 0.49 7.08 7.72Kingston 0.00 2.05 10.14 10.99Lopez 0.00 0.53 7.11 7.82Mukilteo 0.00 2.06 10.19 11.05Orcas 0.00 0.58 7.11 7.88PointDefiance 0.00 2.49 11.06 11.94Port Townsend 0.00 1.11 7.86 8.55Seattle 0.00 2.33 10.49 11.36Shaw 0.00 0.53 7.14 7.84Southworth 0.00 2.52 10.69 11.58Tahlequah 0.00 2.49 11.01 11.89Vashon 0.00 2.53 10.66 11.53
Terminal Tidal DatumsExhibit 330-10
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(2) Design Tidal Ranges DesigntidalrangesaretabulatedinExhibit330-11.TheyweredevelopedusingNOAA-verifiedtidedatafromthepast17years.Theuseofverifiedtidedatameansthattheeffectsofstormsurge,atmosphericpressureandotherweathereffectsareincludedwiththepredictedastronomicaleffects.
MaximumDesignWaterLevelsincludeamediumestimateofSeaLevelRise(SLR)of13inchesandareintendedforallstructuresincludingthosewith50and75-yeardesignlives.Structureswith50-yeardesignlivesincludeberthingstructures(wingwallsanddolphins).Structureswith75-yeardesignlivesincludevehicleandpedestrianloadingstructures(trestles,vehicletransferspans,andoverheadloadingsystems).Structureswithdesignlivesshorterthan50yearsneednotincludeSLR.DesignWaterLevelsarereferencedtothedatumMLLW=0.00feet.SeeSection330.06(3)andAppendixXforadditionalinformation.
Terminal
Design Tidal Range (Feet MLLW)
Minimum Water Level
Maximum Water Level
Maximum Water Level (Incl. SLR)
Anacortes -4.36 10.90 11.98Bainbridge Island -4.98 14.60 15.68Bremerton -4.88 15.18 16.26Clinton -4.83 14.16 15.24Coupeville -4.46 11.60 12.68Edmonds -4.83 14.02 15.10Fauntleroy -4.93 14.89 15.97Friday Harbor -4.09 10.90 11.98Kingston -4.88 14.16 15.24Lopez -4.05 10.79 11.87Mukilteo -4.83 14.16 15.24Orcas -3.92 10.44 11.52PointDefiance -4.93 15.33 16.41Port Townsend -4.36 11.60 12.68Seattle -4.88 14.60 15.68Shaw -4.32 10.44 11.52Southworth -4.83 14.89 15.97Tahlequah -4.93 15.33 16.41Vashon -4.93 14.89 15.97
Terminal Design Tidal RangesExhibit 330-11
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(3) Sea Level Rise Sealevelrise(SLR)duetoclimatechangewillcontinuetomodifyterminaltidallevelsinthe21stcentury.Atpresenttherateoffuturesealevelrisecanonlybeestimated.
InPugetSoundWSDOTprojectsanestimatedmediumchangeinsealevelof6inches(witharangeof3to22inches)bytheyear2050andanestimatedmediumchangeinsealevelof13inches(witharangeof6to50inches)relativeto2000bytheyear2100.TheseestimatesarebasedonthereferencedocumentClimateImpactsVulnerabilityAssessmentReportAppendixA(November2011)(seeAppendixX).MorerecentresearchbytheNationalAcademyofSciencesSea-LevelRisefortheCoastsofCalifornia,Oregon,andWashington:Past,Present,andFuture(2012) projectsanestimatedchangeinsealevelof24inches(witharangeof4to56inches) relativeto2000bytheyear 2100.
Designallmarinestructures(witheithera50ora75-yeardesignlife)toaccommodateamediumestimateofSLRof13inches.Provideaplantoadaptorreplacethemarinestructurestoaccommodateahighestimateof50inchesinaworst-caseSLRscenario.AsmoreinformationbecomesavailableregardingprojectedSLRrefertoAppendixX toadjusttheDesignTidalRangesaccordingly.Adjustmentsmaybenecessaryonabiennialbasis.
Anotherphenomenonrelatedtoclimatechangeistheincreaseinsignificantwaveheightandstormsurgeduetomoreintensestorms.AccordingtotheClimateImpactsVulnerabilityAssessmentReportAppendixA,significantwaveheighteventsontheWashingtoncoastareprojectedtoincreaseapproximately2.8inchesperyearthroughthe2020’s.However,becausethisvalueisbasedonextrapolationofpastdata,notonmodeling,thereislowconfidenceinthisvalue.Inaddition,theprojectedincreasewithinPugetSoundisunknown.Therefore,theeffectsofincreasesinwaveheightandstormsurgehavenotbeenaccountedforintheDesignTidalRange.
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330.07 Slips(1) General
Aferryslipisaspecializeddockingfacility,consistingofwingwallsanddolphinsthatguideandholdavessel,andvehicleandpedestrianstructuresthatprovideaccesstoandfromthevessel.ThischapterdiscussesthethreetypesofslipsatWSF’sfacilities:main,auxiliaryandtie-up.Mainslipsarethoseintendedforregularevery-dayuse.Auxiliaryslipsareusedlessfrequentlyforspecialserviceandforbackupduringmaintenanceand/orrepairofamainslip.Bothmainandauxiliaryslipsmayalsobeusedforovernightmoorage.Mainandauxiliaryslipsareservedbyavehicletransferspan.Tie-upslipsareusedforovernightmoorageandareservedbyagangplankthatisgenerallyusedonlybyWSFpersonnel.
Exhibit330-12identifiestheexistingslipsateachferryterminal.RefertoAppendixR forexistingterminalplansshowingthesliplocations.
TerminalSlip Number and Function
1 2 3 4Anacortes Main Main Tie-up Tie-upBainbridge Island Main Auxiliary Tie-up -Bremerton Main Auxiliary - -Clinton Main Auxiliary - -Coupeville Main - - -Edmonds Main - - -Fauntleroy Main - - -Friday Harbor Main Tie-up - -Kingston Main Main Tie-upLopez Main - - -Mukilteo Main - - -Orcas Main - - -PointDefiance Main - - -Port Townsend Main Auxiliary - -Seattle Main Auxiliary Main -Shaw Main - - -Southworth Main - - -Tahlequah Main - - -Vashon Main Main Tie-up -
Existing SlipsExhibit 330-12
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(2) Slip Layout
(a) Slip Spacing and OrientationSlipspacingandorientationarefunctionsofseveralfactorsincluding:geometryofexistingorplannedoverheadloading,sizeofexistingorplannedtrestle,routeapproachgeometry,environmental(wind,tideandcurrent)conditions,andvesselsize.Parallelslipspacingshavevariedfrom132.75feetatSeattle,to135feetatBainbridgeIsland,Anacortes,andKingston.AtClinton,thedistancebetweenthesouthSlip1andthebridgeseatconstructedforafutureSlip3is145feet.
Thecurrentstandarddistanceof145feetbetweenoperatingslipsassumestheslipsareparalleltoeachother.Thisspacingisrequiredtoallowdifferentvesselapproachanglesdependingonthewindandtidalconditionwhileprovidingasafebufferbetweenvesselsthatareeitherapproachingordepartingadjoiningoperatingslips.Italsoaccommodatesadualoverheadloadingsystem.
Aparallelslipconfigurationmayreducethenumberofmarineberthingstructuresrequired,whichcanreducecapitalcosts.Forexample,attheSeattleTerminal,onedouble-sidedfloatingdolphinisutilizedbetweenSlips2and3fortheoff-shorenavigational/berthingstructureratherthanprovidingseveralsingle-sideddolphinstosupporteachoperatingslip.
Whenprovidingdouble-sideddolphinsbetweenparallelslips,consultwithWSFtodeterminetheappropriateslipspacinganddolphinwidth.
Thealignmentoftheslipscanhaveaneffectontheturningradiusforvehicleaccesstooregressfromthevessels.Providingslipsinaparallelalignmentallowstheuseofcommonterminalholdingareaandexitlanesfacilities.RefertoChapter340forchannelizationrequirementsintheholdingareas.
(b) Dolphin LocationsConsultwithWSFOperationsstafftodeterminethelocationoffixedandfloatingdolphins.• Theideallayoutofdolphinsisthelayoutthatmosteconomicallyaccommodatesalldesignvesselsizesandoperationalrequirements.Thismayconsistofthe“sixpack”arrangement:oneinner,oneintermediate,andoneouterdolphinoneachsideoftheslip.Morecommonly,theintermediateandouterdolphinsononesidemaybecombinedandpositionedsuchthatvesselsapproachingfromthatsideofthesliparebetterabletoturnintotheslip(thenumbermayalsobereducedforoperational,windandcurrent,vesselassignment,geotechnical,orotherreasons).
• Theouterdolphinsaretheprimaryberthingandmooringstructuresforthelongervesselsusingtheslip.Theyaretypicallylocatedapproximately55to75feetfromtheslipcenterlineand240to300feetfromtheapron(locatedseawardasufficientdistancetoensurethecontactpointisbeyondthevessel’smidshipline).
• Theintermediatedolphinsaretheberthingandmooringstructuresforshortervesselsusingtheslip.Theyaretypicallylocatedapproximately50to65feetfromtheslipcenterlineand160to200feetfromtheapron(locatedseawardasufficientdistancetoensurethecontactpointisbeyondthevessel’smidshipline).
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• Theinnerdolphinsserveprimarilytoprotectotherstructuresandarenotusedformooringandtie-up.Theyaretypicallylocatedapproximately40to45feetfromtheslipcenterlineand50to60feetfromtheapron.Theyarelocatedinsuchapositionthatavesselthatiscontactinganintermediateorouterdolphinwillbeapproximately2to3feetawayfromtheinnerdolphin(topreventaleveringactionthatcouldpullthevesseloutoftheslip).
• Atsomelocationsaconcretefloatingdolphinwilltaketheplaceofoneormorefixeddolphins.Floatingdolphinsaretypicallyusedwherethewaterdepthexceedsabout50feet.Floatingdolphinsareoftenpreferredbyvesselcaptainsfortheirenergy-absorbingcapacityandtheirlargesurfacearea.Theymaybefeasibleinshallowerwaterwheretheirmooringanchorswillnotcomeincontactwithvesselbottoms.
• Wheretwoslipsareadjacent,adouble-sideddolphinmayservebothslips.
Whilethesearegeneralguidelines,allofthedolphinsforasliparelocatedincloseconsultationwiththeusers(i.e.,thevesselcaptains)andarebasedontheirneeds.Theseinclude:vesselcharacteristics,customaryapproachanddepartureanglesandvelocities,thewindandcurrentenvironment,overheadloadingandotheroperationalfeatures,andcrewpreferences.
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Typical Slip Layout – Single SlipExhibit 330-13
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Typical Slip Layout - Two Parallel SlipsExhibit 330-14
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(c) RedundancyAscanbeobservedinExhibit330-12,someterminalshaveasingleoperatingslipwhereasothershavemultipleoperatingslips.Thenumberofoperatingslipsistypicallyafunctionoftheferryridershipandnumberofdestinationsservedbyagiventerminal.Whenonlyoneoperatingslipexistsatanyfacility,thereliabilityanddependabilityoftheserviceisatahigherrisk.Equipmentbreakdowns,unforeseendamagetothemarinestructures/transferspanandpreventive/routinemaintenanceallhaveaneffectonthereliabilityofservice.Wheremultipleslipsarepresent,itiscommontoprovideahigherdegreeofstructuralreliabilityinonesliptofunctionduringextremecircumstancessuchasseismicconditions.
(d) NavigationCoordinatewithWSFOperationsindesignofsliplocation,orientationandlayout.Itmaybeadvantageoustorotateslipsfromthe“standard”parallelorientationbasedonsiteand/orenvironmentalconditionsincludingwind,wavesandcurrent.
EachWSFferryterminalpresentsuniquenavigationalchallengesfortheferryvesseldependingonavailablewaterdepths,waves,currents,windconditions,andadjacentstructuresorobstaclestonavigation.ConsultwithWSFOperationsregardingthesechallengesanddevelopthesliplayouttobestaddressthechallengegiventhecapabilitiesofthedesignvessel(s).
(3) Slip DepthAdequatewaterdepthwithintheslipisrequiredtoensurethatanyvesselcanoperateintheslipsafelyandwithminimalenvironmentalimpacttothesurroundingarea.Ofprimaryimportanceisprotectingthevesselhullfromcontactingtheseafloororfromcreatingexcessiveplumesofsedimentthatcoulddamagethepropulsionsystem.Secondarily,adequatedepthisneededtopreventplumesfromdriftingandsettlingonadjacentenvironmentallysensitiveareas(e.g.,eelgrassbeds).
Researchsuggeststhataminimummudlineelevationof-30feetMLLWatthethroatoftheslipwillensurethatallvesselclassescansafelyoperateatanyterminalatthelowesttide.Inpracticenumerousslipswithlessextremelowtidesandwithshallower-draftedvesselscanoperatesafelywithashallowerslipmudline.Forexample,tie-upslipsthataccommodateLay-upvessels(i.e.,vesselscarryingnopassengersorvehicles)maybesafelyoperablewithamudlineelevationintherangeof-22to-28feetMLLW.Operationsstaffwillprovideassistanceindeterminingtheappropriatedesignvessel(s).
Whilehistoricallydredginghasbeenusedtocreateachannelfornewlyconstructedslips,alternativesshouldbeexploredwhenfeasibleduetotheextensivepermittingprocessrequiredfordredgingprojects.Wheredredgingistheonlyalternative,carefulconsiderationshouldbegiventoproperdesignofthedepthandsideslopestoensurethedredgedslipremainsstable.
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(4) Emergency Use<Pendingdevelopment–futuremanualupdate>
(5) Private Aids to NavigationNavigationaidslocatedonmarinestructures(includingthenavigationlightsandfoghornsontheouterdolphinsandwarningbuoys,butexcludingthewingwallfoglights)areregulatedbytheU.S.CoastGuardinaccordancewith33CFRPart66.CoordinatealladditionsormodificationstotheaidswithTerminalEngineeringMaintenancestaff.
330.08 Berthing and Mooring Criteria(1) Berthing and Mooring Structures
Wingwallsanddolphinsaretheprimaryberthingandmooringstructureswithineachslip.Theyaresubjecttodynamicforcesfromvesselimpactsduringberthingand,toalesserextent,tostaticforcesfromwindand/orcurrentsonvesselsmooredtothem.Bowlinesattachedtothetransferspanbridgeseatareusedduringoperationsasasafetymeasure(topreventthevesselfromdriftingoutoftheslipshoulditlosepower),andtosecurethebowforovernightmoorage.
Operatingslipwingwallsaresubjecttoavarietyofimpactsrangingfromatypicallandingatanapproachvelocityofapproximately1.5knotstoharderlandingsduetoavarietyofcausesincludinglowvisibility,highwindsand/orcurrents,andvesselmalfunction.Tie-upslipwingwallsaretypicallydesignedforalowerapproachvelocityof1.0knotssincetheselandingsarelessfrequentandnotdependentontheserviceschedule.
Undernormaloperatingconditions,thereareonlylightimpactsonthedolphins.However,dolphinsaredesignedforreasonableimpactsresultingfromdifficultlandingconditions,suchasstrongwindsand/orcurrents.Difficultlandingconditionsmaybringthevesselincontactwithoneormoredolphinsduringtheberthingoperation.
SeeSections630.04, 640.04,and650.04foradditionalinformationondesigncriteria(includingdesignloads)forwingwallsanddolphins.
(2) Design Vessel Impact WSFusesthefollowingfourclassificationsofberthingeventstocategorizedamagetowingwallsanddolphinsbasedonthetechnicalreporttitledFerry Landing Design, Phase I: Final Technical ReportWA-RD253.2byCharlesT.JahrenandRalphJones(1993),designreportstitled“EdmondsFerryTerminalDolphinReplacements,”and“KingstonFerryTerminalDolphinReplacements,”andaMaster’sthesistitledThe End Berthing Simulation ModelbyDouglasR.Playter(1994):
(a) Type I: No DamageAfendersystemshouldperformadequatelyformostberthingeventsforitsentireservicelife.Repairsarelimitedtonormalmaintenance.
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(b) Type IIA: Repairable Damage (No Impact to Operations or Damage to Vessel)Afendersystemmayseeminordamagefromhardberthingevents,whichcanberepairedwithoutimpactingOperations.Theserepairsaregenerallylimitedtoreplacementofisolatedportionsofthestructurethatcanbeassembledorpreparedoff-siteandinstalledinalimitedtimeperiod.Thesystemmayneedtobeanalyzedtoidentifymethodsofrepairthatminimizedowntimeforthestructure.
(c) Type IIB: Repairable Damage (Impact to Operations)Afendersystemmaybedamagedbyunusuallyhardberthingevents.Repairsarelimitedtoreplacementofaportionofthesystem.Thesystemmaybeanalyzedtoidentifyprobablerepairrequirements,andcontingencyplansmaybemadetoacceleratetherepairprocess.
(d) Type III: Catastrophic DamageAfendersystemanditssupportingstructuremayfailduringacatastrophicoccurrence.Ifthestructureyieldssufficiently,decelerationforcesarelimitedasthevesselisbroughttoastop.Thiswilllimitinjuriesandvesseldamage.Anexampleofacatastrophicoccurrenceisapropulsionfailureasthevesselappliesreversethrusttostop.
Thedesignphilosophyanddesigncriteriaforberthingandmooringstructures(wingwallsanddolphins)areingeneralaccordancewiththeaboveeventclassifications.InpracticeallwingwallsanddolphinsaredesignedforTypeIevents.WingwallsarealsodesignedforaTypeIIIeventtoensurethevehicleandpedestrian-loadedtowersandtransferspanlocatedshorewardofthewingwallsareprotectedfromdamage.
TypeIIeventsarenotexplicitlydesignedforalthoughdetailshavebeendevelopedtoensurerepairsareachievableasquicklyaspossible.Theseincludeboltedconnectionsthatmakereplacementoffendersandfenderpanelsrelativelyeasyandlimitedembedmentofthefenderpilestofacilitaterepositioningfollowingdisplacement.Stockpilingofreplacementcomponentsanddevelopmentofabiennialon-callwingwallanddolphinrepaircontractaretwowaysthatrepairscanbeaccomplishedasquicklyaspossible.
(3) Day Tie-upDaytie-upisaccomplishedbyapairoflinesusedtosecuretheshore-endbowofthevesselduringoff-loadingandloadingoperations.Itistypicallyaugmentedwithpositivethrustbythevesselagainstthewingwallsandanouterdolphintominimizemovementofthevesselwithrespecttothevehicletransferspanapronandtheoverheadloadingapron.Eachlineconsistsofashackleattachedtotheaproncurbandalengthofnylontie-uplinethatissecuredtothevesselcleat.TheseitemsaretypicallyfurnishedandinstalledbytheEagleHarborMaintenancestaff.
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(4) Overnight Vessel MoorageDetermineifaslipwillbeusedforovernightmoorage,asidentifiedinandbyOperations.MoorageisconsideredaTypeIevent.Includethefollowingforslipsthatwillbeusedforovernightmoorage:• Outfitthewingwallsandintermediateandouterdolphinswithwireropemooringpendantstoaccommodatetheproposeddesignvessels.
• Positionmooringpendantssothatvesselscanbesafelysecuredatnight.
330.09 Wave, Flood, and Coastal Storm Loading(1) Flood Design Loads
Includewave,flood,andcoastalstormloadinginthedesignoftrestle,building,transferspan,andoverheadloadingstructures.Itisintendedthatthedesignedterminalstructureswillremainoperationalafterthe100-yearfloodevent.
Developtheloadsandverifythatthestructurewillbeabletoresisttheseloads.Loadingshallincludehydrodynamicloads,hydrostaticloads,debrisimpactloads,andbreakingwaveloads.Loadsonexposedbuildingstructures,deckslabs,pilecaps,piling,andunderdeckstructuressuchasutilitiesshallbedeterminedandthecapacityofthesestructurestoresisttheseloadschecked.
LoadingshallbebasedonASCE7-10andASCE24-14,andsupplementedwithFEMAP-55,Volume2,Chapter8.5forallprojectsrequiringabuildingpermit.ConsultwithTerminalEngineeringstafffortheASCE24-14designclassforanybuildingsincludedintheproject.
LoadingshallbebasedontheAASHTOLRFDBridge Design ManualandsupplementedwiththeAASHTOGuideSpecificationsforBridgesVulnerabletoCoastalStormsforstructuresnotrequiringabuildingpermit.
EstablishtheBaseFloodElevationinaccordancewiththelocalcountyandtheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA).
AdjustforSeaLevelRisebasedonanincreaseintidelevelof0.14inchperyear.
Provideabasisforselectionoftheaveragevelocityofwaterinfeetpersecond.
FordebrisimpactloadingdeterminethesizeofdebrisandpotentialimpactforcebasedondiscussionwithWSForonasite-specificstudyatnewterminals.
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