Chapter 33
description
Transcript of Chapter 33
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Chapter 33
Restructuring the Postwar World
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Section 1Cold War: Superpowers Face Off
The opposing economic and political philosophies of the US and SU lead to global competition.
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ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES SU ‘s nonaggression pact with Germany SU thought the US came into WWII too late
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Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan
February 1945 US, Britain, and SU meet
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Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan Continued… Agreed to…
Divide Germany into 4 zones Germany would pay war reparations to SU Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan Eastern Europeans (Poland) would have free
elections
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Creation of the United Nations 50 countries joined the UN. Members protect
each other against aggression.
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Creation of the United NationsContinued… All 50 make up the General Assembly, there is
also an 11-member Security Council. 5 permanent members have Security Council veto
power.
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Differing US and Soviet Goals USSR lost more lives
than the US and their infrastructure was destroyed.
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EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN USSR wanting to shield itself from invasion from
western countries. USSR disregards the Yalta Conference and
formed communist governments on its western boarder.
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EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN Continued… July 1945: Potsdam Conference is held. Truman,
Stalin and Churchill (FDR had died) USSR was pressed to allow free elections in
Poland. Stalin refuses, says capitalism and communism
cannot co-exist.
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An Iron curtain divides East and West Germany now split in two; East (including Berlin)
communist and West democratic.
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Churchill in a speech made in Fulton, Missouri stated that the USSR had created an “iron curtain” between Democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe
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UNITED STATES TRIES TO CONTAIN SOVIETS Through the Truman Document a policy of
containment was issued. Tried to stop communist expansion.
Congress is asked to aid Turkey and Greece.
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The Marshall Plan Secretary of State George Marshall proposed aid
to needed European countries. $12.5 billion issued.
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The Berlin Airlift 1948 France, Britain and the US withdraw from
Germany. Their former occupation zones form one country. Berlin was divided into 4 zones. USSR cut West Berlin off from outside influence.
It faced starvation.
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The Berlin Airlift Continued… From June 1948 – May 1949 Allied planes took off
and landed every three minutes in West Berlin. Brought in food and supplies
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THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD Definition: struggle of U.S., USSR using
means short of war. Lasted until 1991.
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Superpowers Form Rival Alliances
1949: Because of the Berlin blockade, 10 western European nations, the US and Canada formed NATO.
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance.
An attack on any NATO member would be considered an attack on all members.
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Superpowers Form Rival Alliances Continued… 1955: USSR responds by forming the
Warsaw Pact. 1961: Soviets build Berlin Wall to separate
East and West Berlin.
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The Threat of Nuclear War US has atomic bombs 1949
USSR exploded its own atomic weapon.
1950 Truman issues work
on a thermonuclear weapon: the H-bomb
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The Threat of Nuclear War Continued…
1953 Eisenhower is
president. John Foster Dulles
was secretary of State. He issued a policy known as brinkmanship. Definition
Willingness to go to the edge of war.
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The Cold War in the Skies 1957
USSR creates a ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile)
Sputnik was launched. First unmanned satellite.
1958 US sends its first
missile. 1960
US wants to be able to fly over USSR.
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The Cold War in the Skies Continued.. USSR says no
Hits a US spy plane (U-2) over 15 miles high in the sky.
US feels a need to catch up to, or surpass the Soviets.
1961 USSR: first man in space. 1969 US first man on the moon.
U-2 In Flight
Khruhchev displays wreckage of the U-2 spy plane shot
down over the USSR.
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Name of Conference, Who the people are, Main thing discussed
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This term was coined in Fulton Missouri by this person.
Aid to European Countries fell under this _____ plan.
What did the allies form because of the Berlin blockade and what was USSR’s response?
John Foster Dullas coined the term_____ and it means what?
Truman made this and it helped these countries.