WORLD WAR IIChapter 32 (1939-1945)

Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles

The Axis Powers invade territory in Europe and Asia during the 1930s Third Reich Violations

Italy, Germany, Japan What was created after

WWI to prevent this situation from occurring?

What did the League do? Britain and France don’t

attack Germany

“I believe it is peace for our time” British government

under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain urges a policy of appeasement

Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace

Munich Conference Let Hitler keep the

Sudetenland after he agrees to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia

Words of Anger

“Throughout history, it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph.”

-- Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie after an Italian invasion is made possible by an unblocked use of the British-controlled Suez Canal, 1935

Another World War…

Within 6 months, Hitler ignores Munich Agreement

Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact Why?

Germany invades Poland Allies Great Britain and

France declare war on Germany (Sept. 1939)

United States’ response?

Causes of World War II Treaty of Versailles Rise of totalitarian

governments Appeasement Nationalism Militarism Imperialism German invasion of

Poland Immediate cause

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement (August 1939)

German War Machine

Blitzkrieg of Poland and France

Two parts: Airplanes and tanks Massive infantry

forces “Lightning war”

Element of surprise Maginot Line

“Sitzkrieg” France is destroyed

Effects of the Blitz

Germany Continues to Gain Strength Germany takes over

much of Europe and northern Africa

Europe, 1942 --------> Germany breaks its

non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, by 1942 pushes 500 miles into Russian territory

View from U.S. ship at sea

View from the shoreline

Why Pearl Harbor?

Japan Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto calls for an attack on Hawaii

He felt that it was a threat to Japan’s goal of controlling southeast Asia

December 7, 1941

2,300 Americans killed in surprise Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii

U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt: “A day that will live in infamy”

United States declares war on Japan

Internment camps

World War II Political Cartoon

1. A man from what country is depicted in the cartoon?

2. What audience is this cartoon aimed at?

3. What message is the cartoonist trying to send to his audience?

Battle of Britain

Luftwaffe vs. RAF British endure air

bombing raids from Germany

Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, forces Germany to retreat

*First time a German attack fails since Hitler took power

How were the Allies able to weaken the Axis war machine? Axis powers’ mistakes Germany breaks non-

aggression pact with Soviet Union

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; Hitler declares war on United States

Heavy bombing of Tokyo by U.S. Broke the “aura of

invincibility” of Japan

Battle of Midway D-Day

Invasion of Normandy Battle of the Bulge Hitler commits

suicide as Soviets approach

V-E Day (5/9/1945) Victory in Europe

Was Allied victory complete?

The Japanese in Retreat

Kamikazes “I’m desperately

trying to figure out why kamikazes wore helmets.”

Iwo Jima Okinawa How could the

United States defeat Japan? Many options

1. Atomic bomb2. Full-scale invasion3. Blockade4. Negotiate a treaty Why does U.S.

President Harry Truman use the atomic bomb?

Truman warns Japan of bomb and need to surrender in July 1945

Hiroshima, Japan—August 6, 1945

First atomic bomb is dropped by the B-29 bomber Enola Gay

Nagasaki, Japan—August 9, 1945Approximately 150,000 civilians

were killed instantly in both atomic bomb attacks.

Nearly as many later died or were wounded as a result of burns or radiation poisoning.

Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.

Shin’s Tricycle

World War II Death Toll

Germany 4.2 million, Japan 2.35 million, Italy 410,000. Total Axis deaths: 8.3 million people

Soviet Union 20 million, U.S. 400,000, France 600,000, China 10 million, Britain 388,000. Total Allied deaths: 40 million people

21 million military personnel and 27 million civilians die in World War II

Postwar Europe

Few farmers remained Famine and disease What happened to the

popularity of communism? Why?

Nuremberg Trials “Crimes against

humanity” Ten Nazi leaders

sentenced to death Allies turned enemies

Postwar Japan

Democratization Creating a government

elected by the people New Constitution

Emperor was not divine Demilitarization Loss of colonial empire Continued U.S. military

presence in Japan Enemies turned allies