Chapter 31 The Move toward Modernism. Late Nineteenth Century.
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Transcript of Chapter 31 The Move toward Modernism. Late Nineteenth Century.
NietzscheNietzsche held that “life is a senseless
flux devoid of any overarching purpose. There are no moral values revealed by God. Instead . . . God is dead. . . . All the values taught by Christian and bourgeois thinkers are without foundation . . . . There is only naked man living in a godless and absurd world” (Perry II 269)
Nietzsche“Nietzsche called for the emergence
of the overman or superman, a higher type of man who asserts his will, gives order to chaotic passions, makes great demands on himself, and lives life with a fierce joy” (Perry II 269).
BergsonTwo primary forces in life: in
tellect and intuition. The essence of life is duration,
or “perpetual becoming.” (Fiero 788)
BergsonHe believed that “true experience is dura
tional, a constant unfolding in time, and that reality, which can only e apprehended intuitively, is a state of qualitative changes that merge into one another without precise outlines” (Fiero 788)
Art for Art’s SakeL’art pour l’artagainst the Enlightenment“more concerned with sensor
y experience than with moral purpose, with feeling than with teaching . . .” (Fiero 786)
Art for Art’s SakeThe artists “made art that obey
purely aesthetic impulses, that—like music—communicated meaning through shape or sound, pattern or color” (Fiero 786)
Symbolism1885-1910In favor of subjective expression that dre
w on sensory experience, dreams, and myth.
By means of ambiguous but powerful images, the symbolists strive to suggest ideas and feelings that might evoke an ideal rather than a real world. (Fiero 788)
ImpressionismMajor features
LuminosityThe interaction of light and formSubtlety of tonePreoccupied with sensation itself
ImpressionismMajor artists:
Monet (1840-1926)Renoir (1841-1919)Pissarro (1830-1903)Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
JaponismeJapanese woodblock prints
Features: flat, unmodulated colors, undulating lines, empty spacesSubject matter: (1) urban life (2) the floating world of courtesans, actors, and dancers
ukiyo-e (浮世繪 )Nineteenth-century Japanese "Ukiy
o-e" woodblock prints are often called "pictures of the Floating World"--that is, pictures of the transient world of the actors, courtesans and rich merchants of the brothel and theater district of the city of Edo, now called Tokyo.
http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/1996/marapr/hokusai.htm
ukiyo-e (浮世繪 )Ukiyo-e printmakers utilized themes from
daily life in a large city as well as drawing from the beauty of the Japanese landscape. Another situation common to the culture of a large city such as Edo, and to contribute to the motifs of the ukiyo-e printmaker was the area of the city given over to pleasure.
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/4/82.04.03.x.html
Influences1. Edgar Degas (1834-1917) 2. Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) 3. Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) 4. Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) 5. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-190
1)6. James McNeil Whistler.
Japanese Compositional Devices: as found in ukiyo-e prints that demonstrate flat space. 1. Asymmety. 2. Flat Space. 3. Line: Lines come together or converge as
they come to the foreground as compared to Western perspective devices. Diagonals are often used.
4. Flat Color as compared to the use of shadow to convey three dimensional form.
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/4/82.04.03.x.html
The Great Wave Off Kanagawa http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/hokusai/ From "Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji"; 1823-29
Suruga Street from the series “One Hundred Famous Views of Edo”Japan, Edo period, 1856http://www.honoluluacademy.org/cmshaa/academy/index.aspx?id=1405
Ando HiroshigeJapanese, 1797 – 1858Great Bridge: Sudden Rain at Atake, 1857http://www.cmoa.org/collections/works.asp#void
Vincent van GoghBridge in the Rain (after Hiroshige), 1887 http://www.hiroshige.org.uk/hiroshige/influences/VanGogh.htm
Vincent van GoghFlowering Plum Tree1887 http://www.hiroshige.org.uk/hiroshige/influences/VanGogh.htm
Riverside bamboo market at Kyobashi1857 http://www.hiroshige.org.uk/hiroshige/100_views_edo/images/100_views_edo_076.jpg
James Abbott McNeill WhistlerNocturne in Blue and GoldOld Battersea Bridge1872-5http://www.hiroshige.org.uk/hiroshige/influences/images/whistler_Nocturne%20in%20Blue%20and%20Gold%20-%20Old%20Battersea%20Bridge.jpg
James Whistler, Caprice in Purple and Gold: The Golden Screenhttp://www.hiroshige.org.uk/hiroshige/influences/images/whistler_CapriceInPurpleAndGoldNo%202_TheGoldenScreen.jpg
Art NouveauAn international style of decoration and
architecture which developed in the 1880s and 1890s.
the art form began as a result of the Arts and Crafts Movement, which rejected the mass-produced techniques of industrialization. Art Nouveau developed a new style of exuberant curving lines, assymetrical design and elements of fantasy. http://www.qdesign.co.nz/designhist_artnou.html
Art NouveauCommitted to evocation and
expression like SymbolismFollowed the Symbolist cult of the
exotic, lavish, and esoteric interior Heir to Symbolist imagery: the lily,
the sphinx, the vampire
Art NouveauArt Nouveau resurrected the interlacing lines
of Celtic art and the fluid arches and curves of Gothic architecture in exuberant style, but the arts and artifacts of Japan were the crucial inspiration
They were intrigued by the novel artistic vision of the wood prints, with their simple pallette of colours and asymmetrical outlines, and the abrupt angularity of the branching cherry blossom tree. http://www.qdesign.co.nz/designhist_artnou.html
Tiffany StudiosAmerican (firm active 1902-1932)Wisteria table lamp, c. 1902http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_audio.htm#
Louis Majorelle (1859-1926) and Daum Frères (firm active 1878 onward), Orchid deskhttp://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_audio.htm#
Otto EckmannGerman (1865-1902)for Scherrebek Weaving SchoolFive Swans, 1897woven woolhttp://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_audio.htm#
Tiffany StudiosAmerican (firm active 1902-1932)Jack-in-the-pulpit vase, c. 1902-1910http://www.nga.gov/feature/nouveau/exhibit_audio.htm#
Victor Horta, Tassel House, Brussels, 1892-3. http://www.unc.edu/courses/2002spring/art/038/951/Tassel%20House.htm