Chapter 30 - Communication Strategies in Plants · Web viewA gardener could snip off the tip of a...

Chapter 30 - Communication Strategies in Plants

Multiple Choice

1. The Kuna tribe, which inhabits islands off the coast of Panama, has almost no incidence of heart disease due to ____. a. the unusually large amount of cocoa they consume b. the unusually small amount of red wine they consume c. the unusually large amount of coffee they consume d. the absence of disease-carrying mosquitoes on the islands e. an allele that is unique to their tribeANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.1 Prescription: ChocolateLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.1 - Examine the relationship between lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the South American tribe, Kuna, and their dietary habits.

2. Which plant compound is most likely responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease among the Kuna? a. curcumin b. strigolactone c. resveratrol d. caffeine e. epicatechinANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.1 Prescription: ChocolateLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


3. Perhaps a plant's greatest liability is its inability to ____. a. produce growth hormones b. use aerobic respiration c. move when conditions around it deteriorate d. produce its own lipids and proteins e. respond to dwindling supplies of nutrients and waterANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.2 - Discuss how plant hormones regulate growth, development, and function in plants.

4. A ____ is an extracellular signaling molecule that exerts its effect at very low concentrations. a. statolith b. protein receptor c. plant hormone d. cytochrome e. phytochromeANSWER: c

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DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


5. A hormonal signal is detected by ____. a. chloroplasts b. transport proteins c. receptor proteins d. statoliths e. plasma membranesANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


6. When a hormone inhibits its own expression, it is called a ____. a. hormone stimulant b. hormone coordinator c. hormone suppressant d. negative feedback loop e. positive feedback loopANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


7. Plants make ____, which are similar to female sex hormones in mammals but have nothing to do with sexual reproduction in plants. a. estrogens b. phytoestrogens c. auxins d. cytokinins e. gibberellinsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


8. Which of the following is mismatched? a. cytokinin – inhibits lateral root formation b. auxin – promotes cell elongation



c. gibberellin – involved in phototropism and gravitropism d. abscisic acid – promotes stomatal closure e. ethylene – promotes leaf abscissionANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


9. Synthetic auxin can be used as a(n) ____. a. pesticide b. herbicide c. fungicide d. insecticide e. bacteriocideANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.3 - Examine the significance of Auxin in coordinating the responses of other plant hormones.

10. 2,4-D, a potent eudicot weed killer, is most likely a synthetic ____. a. auxin b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. phytochrome e. brassinosteroidANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


11. In most cases, the term auxin refers to ____. a. abscisic acid b. indole-3-acetic acid c. jasmonic acid d. nitric oxide e. salicylic acidANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




12. Root formation in stem cuttings can be improved by the application of ____. a. synthetic auxins b. abscisic acid c. salicylic acid d. ethylene e. gibberellinANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


13. Apical dominance is an effect that causes ____. a. a directional adjustment of growth in response to environmental stimuli b. leaves and other plant parts to fall off, or senesce c. roots to lengthen while inhibiting shoot growth d. lateral buds to become active when a shoot is lengthening at its tip e. lateral buds to stay dormant when a shoot is lengthening at its tipANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


14. Auxin is made mainly in ____ and in young leaves, and transported elsewhere. a. chloroplasts b. lateral buds c. lateral meristems d. root apical meristems e. shoot apical meristemsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


15. If a shoot’s tip breaks off, ____ moves into lateral buds and stimulates cell divisions. a. auxin b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethyleneANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.4 CytokininCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.4 - Examine the role played by cytokinin in plant growth.

16. Gibberellin stimulates ____. a. fruit ripening b. leaf abscission c. lateral root formation d. stem lengthening between the nodes e. stem lengthening at the tipANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.5 GibberellinLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.5 - Outline the role played by gibberellin in seed germination.

17. The plant hormone that promotes dormancy in some plants and seeds is ____. a. abscisic acid b. auxin c. gibberellin d. ethylene e. cytokininANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.6 Abscisic AcidLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.6 - Demonstrate how abscisic acid prevents seeds from germinating too early.

18. Temperature extremes, lack of water, and other environmental stresses trigger an increase in ____ synthesis, release, and transport, which helps the plant survive the adverse conditions. a. cytokinin b. gibberellin c. auxin d. abscisic acid e. ethyleneANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.6 Abscisic AcidLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.7 - Examine the role played by abscisic acid in plant stress responses.

19. The gaseous plant hormone is ____. a. auxin b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethyleneANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


REFERENCES: 30.7 EthyleneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.8 - Examine, with a graph, the production of ethylene during the formation and ripening of a strawberry.

20. The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is ____. a. auxin b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. abscisic acid e. ethyleneANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.7 EthyleneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


21. A directional adjustment of growth in response to environmental stimuli is called ____. a. circadian rhythm b. vernalization c. photoperiodism d. statolith e. tropismANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.9 - Examine, using three examples, environmental triggers that are responsible for tropism.

22. Downward bending of a seedling root can be blocked by ____. a. moving it to a dark room b. auxin transporters c. auxin transport inhibitors d. mutations in genes that code for auxin transport proteins e. auxin transport inhibition and mutations in genes that code for auxin transport proteinsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


23. Gravity-sensing mechanisms of many organisms are based on ____. a. spicules b. statoliths c. uric acid crystals d. sclereids



e. nematocystsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


24. A houseplant placed in a window grows toward the source of light because auxin ____. a. becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant b. becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant c. becomes more concentrated on the shady side of the plant d. inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow larger e. inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow fasterANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Figure 30.10A

25. The effect of directional growth shown in the accompanying figure is known to be caused by ____. a. thigmotropism b. gravitropism c. abscisic acid d. salicylic acid e. vernalizationANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsPREFACE NAME: Figure 30.10ALEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Figure from page 510.

26. The plant movement in the accompanying figure is caused by ____. a. auxin differences in two sides of the stems b. gibberellin released in one side of the leaf c. abscisic acid in two sides of the stems d. salicylic acid in two sides of the roots e. cytokinin differences in two sides of the stemANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsPREFACE NAME: Figure from page 510.LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


27. The mechanism that causes a vine’s tendrils to grow around an object, such as a wire fenceline, is called ____. a. thigmotropism b. phototropism c. gravitropism d. vernalization e. photoperiodismANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


28. Cycles of biological activity that are repeated every 24 hours are called ____. a. systemic acquired rhythms b. tropisms c. physiological requirements d. circadian rhythms e. photoperiodsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.10 - Discuss how plants respond to cues from the environment with recurring cycles of activity.



29. Photoperiodism is the ____. a. duration of flowering in a plant b. amount of light needed by a plant to exhibit normal growth c. response of a plant to the duration of light and darkness d. light phase of photosynthesis during which photolysis of water occurs e. opposite of photorespirationANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


30. The pigment most involved with photoperiodism is ____. a. chlorophyll b. xanthophyll c. anthocyanin d. phytochrome e. phytoerythrinANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


31. Phytochrome is converted from the inactive to the active form by being exposed to light of what color? a. far red b. red c. yellow d. blue e. violetANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


32. Deciduous trees in North America are dormant during winter months because ____. a. they receive no precipitation during winter b. photosynthesis cannot occur during winter c. this offers a way to survive the extended drought-like conditions d. the cold temperatures would otherwise damage leaves and buds e. they have no leaves during winter monthsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


33. The flowers of plants pollinated by night-flying bats open, secrete nectar, and release fragrance only at night. The mechanism that controls this is called ____. a. thigmotropism b. heliotropism c. phototropism d. photoperiodism e. circadian rhythmANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


34. Irises and other ____ plants flower only when the hours of darkness fall below a critical value, typically in summer. a. short-day b. long-day c. annual d. biennial e. perennial ANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


35. In trees, such as the horse chestnut, the abscission of leaves and fruits in the fall is mediated by ____. a. abscisic acid b. auxin c. ethylene d. cytokinin e. gibberellinANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


36. Even though the autumn may be unusually warm, the leaves from deciduous trees begin to drop during September. Which of the following is the best explanation? a. The trees are responding to shorter days. b. The autumn months are usually wetter because the summer rains were delayed. c. The effects of phototropism are operating "right on schedule." d. There is not enough sunlight to carry on photosynthesis any longer.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


e. The trees are responding to consistent temperatures. ANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


37. The requirement of cold weather before a particular plant process occurs (e.g., germination) is known as ____. a. the biological clock b. vernalization c. photoperiodism d. biennial life cycle e. perennial life cycleANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


38. A plant secretes ____ when it needs to respond defensively to a pathogen. a. salicylic acid b. systemin c. brassinosteroids d. mineralocorticoids e. nitric oxideANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.10 Responses to StressLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.11 - Examine what factors trigger defense responses in plants.

Figure 30.19CCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


39. Which plant hormone listed below is responsible for the symbiotic relationship shown in the accompanying figure? a. auxin b. gibberellin c. cytokinin d. jasmonic acid e. abscisic acid ANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.10 Responses to StressPREFACE NAME: Figure 30.19CLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.11 - Examine what factors trigger defense responses in plants.

Matching

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.6 Abscisic AcidLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.7 - Examine the role played by abscisic acid in plant stress responses.

40. abscisic acidANSWER: g

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of flowering



g. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.4 CytokininLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.4 - Examine the role played by cytokinin in plant growth.

41. cytokininANSWER: n

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.1 Prescription: ChocolateLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


42. epicatechinANSWER: j

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravity



e. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


43. statolithANSWER: d

44. phototropismANSWER: a

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.7 EthyleneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


45. ethyleneANSWER: h



Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.10 Responses to StressLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.11 - Examine what factors trigger defense responses in plants.

46. salicylic acidANSWER: m

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.5 GibberellinLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.5 - Outline the role played by gibberellin in seed germination.

47. gibberellinANSWER: oCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


48. auxinANSWER: b

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Each letter will be used once.a. growth response that orients parts of a plant in a direction influenced by lightb. plays a critical role in apical dominancec. an organism’s response to changes in length of day relative to nightd. organelle involved in sensing gravitye. light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythm based on length of nightf. low-temperature stimulation of floweringg. closes stomata in times of stressh. stimulates fruit ripeningi. flowers only when hours of darkness fall below a critical valuej. flavonoid in cocoa responsible for the unusual absence of heart disease in the Kunak. occurring on a 24-hour cyclel. flowers only when hours of darkness are greater than some critical valuem. activates systemic acquired resistancen. stimulates growth of lateral budso. mobilizes food reserves in germinating seedsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




49. phytochromeANSWER: e

50. circadian rhythmANSWER: k

51. short-day plantANSWER: l

52. long-day plantANSWER: i

53. photoperiodismANSWER: c

54. vernalizationANSWER: f

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed below.a. auxinsb. gibberellinsc. cytokininsd. abscisic acide. ethyleneDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


55. This hormone causes a stem to lengthen between the nodes by inducing cell division and elongation.ANSWER: b

56. This hormone mediates tropisms.ANSWER: a

57. This hormone inhibits formation of lateral roots.ANSWER: c

58. This hormone is a gas that promotes ripening.ANSWER: e

59. This hormone promotes bud and seed dormancy.ANSWER: d

Completion

60. The flavonoid called epicatechin, found in cocoa, is probably responsible for the absence of __________ among the Kuna tribe.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


ANSWER: heart diseasehypertension

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.1 Prescription: ChocolateLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


61. A(n) __________ is an extracellular signaling molecule that exerts its effect at very low concentrations.ANSWER: plant hormoneDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.2 Introduction to Plant HormonesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


62. During primary growth, auxin causes young cells to expand by increasing the activity of __________ that pump hydrogen ions from cytoplasm into the cell wall.ANSWER: transport proteinsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


63. When a shoot is lengthening at the tip, its lateral buds are usually dormant, an effect called __________.ANSWER: apical dominanceDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth HormoneLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


64. In the root apical meristem, __________ supports division of undifferentiated meristem cells, and cytokinin signals the cells to differentiate.ANSWER: auxinDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.4 CytokininLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.4 - Examine the role played by cytokinin in plant growth.

65. If a shoot’s tip breaks off, its source of auxin disappears, so the __________ level rises in the stem.ANSWER: cytokininDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.4 CytokininLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.4 - Examine the role played by cytokinin in plant growth.

66. Farmers spray seedless grape plants with synthetic __________, which increases the size of the resulting fruit.ANSWER: gibberellinDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.5 GibberellinCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.5 - Outline the role played by gibberellin in seed germination.

67. Abscisic acid promotes bud and seed __________, and it limits water loss by promoting stomatal closure.ANSWER: dormancyDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 30.6 Abscisic AcidLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.30.7 - Examine the role played by abscisic acid in plant stress responses.

68. In some plants, the direction of growth changes in response to contact with an object. This is called __________.ANSWER: thigmotropismDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


69. __________ refers to an organism’s response to changes in the length of day relative to night.ANSWER: PhotoperiodismDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.9 Sensing Recurring Environmental ChangeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Subjective Short Answer

70. What technique could a gardener use to invoke the growth of lateral buds on a plant, thereby making the plant bushier?ANSWER: A gardener could snip off the tip of a plant’s shoot (i.e., its apical meristem). If a shoot’s tip breaks

off, its lateral buds begin to grow, an effect exploited by gardeners who pinch off shoot tips to make a plant bushier. When a shoot loses its tip, it also loses its source of auxin. The decrease in auxin stops the stem from lengthening, and the cytokinin level rises in the stem. The cytokinin moves into lateral buds and stimulates cell divisions of apical meristem inside them. These newly active meristem cells produce auxin, which is then transported away from the bud tips and down the stem. This auxin flow causes the lateral buds to lengthen.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: EvaluateREFERENCES: 30.3 Auxin: The Master Growth Hormone

30.4 CytokininLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.3 - Examine the significance of Auxin in coordinating the responses of other plant hormones.UDOL.STES.16.30.4 - Examine the role played by cytokinin in plant growth.

71. Explain how gibberellin “removes the brakes” from some cellular processes.ANSWER: Gibberellin works by inhibiting inhibitors, thus removing the brakes on some cellular processes.

Binding to a gibberellin receptor sets in motion the destruction of transcription repressors in the nucleus. The genes that these proteins repress are still being studied, but their products have overlapping functions involving cell proliferation and expansion, fertility, and germination.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.5 GibberellinLEARNING OBJE UDOL.STES.16.30.5 - Outline the role played by gibberellin in seed germination.



CTIVES:

72. A mutant plant is found in which the seeds germinate far too early. Which hormone is likely involved and why?ANSWER: It is likely that abscisic acid is involved. Abscisic acid accumulates in seeds and prevents their

germination. Only when the abscisic acid levels decline can gibberellins be synthesized and germination begin. The premature germination of these seeds suggests an issue with abscisic acid.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES: 30.6 Abscisic AcidLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.30.6 - Demonstrate how abscisic acid prevents seeds from germinating too early.

73. Explain what occurs when a plant exhibits heliotropism.ANSWER: Leaves or flowers of some plants change position in response to the changing angle of the sun

throughout the day, a response called heliotropism (from Greek helios, sun). The mechanism that drives heliotropism is not understood, but it may be similar to phototropism because it has been observed to coincide with differential elongation of cells in stems, and it also occurs in response to blue light.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 30.8 TropismsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:



Chapter 30 - Communication Strategies in Plants · Web viewA gardener could snip off the tip of a...

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