Chapter 3 v.1

Memory

Chapter 3

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Objectives Explain the types of memory Explain the types of RAM Explain the working of the RAM List the different memory packages Install the memory module Upgrade the memory module Troubleshoot the memory problems

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Types of Memory - I

Memory is categorized into Volatile and Non- volatile Memory

Volatile Memory – Stores data temporarilyNon -Volatile Memory – Stores data

permanently

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Types of Memory - II

Physical Memory• Random Access Memory (RAM)• Read Only Memory (ROM)• Hybrid

Logical MemoryVirtual MemoryFlash MemoryCache Memory

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Types of RAM - I

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) – Stores the data as long as the power is supplied to the system

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) – Stores the data for few milliseconds

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Types Of DRAM

Extended Data-Out DRAM (EDO DRAM) – Fetches the data from the next cell before the previous process completes

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) – Synchronizes the memory speed with the CPU clock speed

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Types Of DRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory

(RDRAM) – Sends data very frequently on the data bus and reads data on every rise and fall of the clock cycle

DDR-SDRAM – It is almost twice the speed of the SDRAM

Video Random Access Memory (VRAM) – Stores the images that are to be displayed on the computer screen

Synchronous Graphics RAM (SGRAM) – Speeds up memory access for graphics functions

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Working of RAM

Stores the data until the processor is executing the current data

Once the processor finishes the current execution, RAM forwards the next data to the processor

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Types of Memory Packages Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM) – Contains pins for

accepting data from the control circuit Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) – Similar to a

SIMM. The difference between the SIMM and DIMM is that DIMM is a 168-pin package

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SODIMM) – Has a notch at the bottom of the circuit board

Micro DIMM – Connects the memory module with the memory socket

Rambus in-line Memory Module (RIMM) – Similar to DIMM package. It only differs in the pin configuration

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Memory Specifications Size of a Data Bus of a Memory Module - Specifies the amount

of information that is flowing in each clock cycle Error Checking and Correcting Module - Used this module for

detecting and correcting errors of the memory block Parity and Non-Parity chips - Detects and notifies the user

about the error Memory Frequency – Is set as a multiple of FSB and Front Side

Bus (FSB) is used to describe the Data Bus Memory Bank - Is a logical unit of memory in a computer and

consists of one or more memory modules

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Upgrading the Memory

Increases the speed of the system Change either the previous RAM or add one more

RAM with the previous RAM to upgrade the memory

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Troubleshooting

Using BIOS Beep Codes – Performs the POST test and ensures that the system is working properly

Using PC Memory Diagnostic Software – Enables the user to solve problems related to memory

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Summary -I Memory is categorized into volatile memory or non-volatile

memory Volatile memory stores the data temporarily whereas the non-

volatile memory stores the data permanently RAM is a semiconductor-based memory where the CPU or

the other hardware devices can write the data and read the same from it

ROM is the permanent data storage area Virtual memory is an imaginary memory area that stores

instructions or data

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Summary - II

EDO DRAM starts fetching the data from the next cell before the previous process completes

SDRAM synchronizes the memory speed with the CPU clock speed

RDRAM package is used in the high bandwidth and the low latency applications

DDR-SDRAM transfers data on both the edges of the clock signal that is on the rising and falling edges of the clock signal

VRAM stores the images that are to be displayed on the computer screen

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Summary - III SIMM is a small circuit board designed to hold the memory

chips DIMM package is a small circuit board that contains the

memory chips. The difference between the SIMM and DIMM is that DIMM is a 168-pin package

SODIMM has notch at the bottom of the circuit board Micro DIMM package pins connect the memory modules

with the memory socket RIMM is used by high bandwidth and low latency

applications

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Summary - IV BIOS program does the Power on Self Test (POST) testing

as the system turns on to ensure that the system is working properly

You can troubleshoot the memory problems by using BIOS beep codes e.g. AWARD and AMI

PC Memory Diagnostic Software enables user to solve memory related problems

Chapter 3 v.1

Education

Transcript of Chapter 3 v.1