US HISTORY

Chapter 3Section 4

A DARK SPOT IN US HISTORY

1660 – tobacco prices fall (largest American exported crop) Large plantations can recover, small farms

cannot Building Colonies took work and people

Homes, land, churches, crops, and harvest Indentured Servants – people who agreed to

pay off a debt by doing work without pay Also, English criminals, Scottish and Irish

POW’s, and African slaves sent to Americas

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MARYLAND

Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – Catholic Wanted a Catholic colony in the Americas Died before gaining the grant from the king Son, Cecilius Calvert, carried on the dream (never went)

Sent his two brothers to set up the colony

Named after Virgin Mary or Queen Henrietta Maria Baltimore – Maryland port on the Potomac River

All people were asked to grow tobacco and one other crop (corn, wheat, veggies, and fruit)

Most owners were very wealthy, so workers came

MASON – DIXON LINE

Boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon – British

astronomers who drew the line In Maryland, Protestants always

outnumbered Catholics from the beginning Act of Toleration – law that granted Catholics

and Protestants the right to worship freely Repealed in 1692 by the English government Maryland became Anglican

VIRGINIA

Nathaniel Bacon – planter and leader in western VA Opposed the Eastern dominated

government in VA Led western VA settlers in Native American

attacks Led army on Jamestown and burn capital

Governor Berkeley exiled from VA

Bacon’s Rebellion – showed American rebel-nature and began militia for protection

GOIN’ TO CAROLINA

Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land” Settlers formed a city “Charles’ Town” (Charleston) John Locke – English political philosopher

Wrote the Carolina constitution – plan of government

Northern and Southern Carolina North – mostly farmers and forest farmers (no port) South – Good Harbor, most from Barbados, land produced

rice (required hard labor) Used Slaves to harvest sugar and rice

Eliza Lucas – developed flower crop “indigo” Called “Blue Gold” of Carolina

More than half of Southern Carolina’s population was slaves North and South Carolina split over governmental

representation

GEORGIA ON MY MIND

Last British colony – General John Oglethorpe Planned as a debtor colony Debtors – those who are unable to repay debts Also, it was the buffer for Spanish attacks First town = Savannah – forts to defend from Spain Outlawed slavery, Catholics, and rum

Due to demand, slavery and rum bans lifted GA had the highest non-British population on a

British colony

NEW FRANCE

Quebec – founded by the French 1663 – New France becomes a French colony

Louis Joliet (fur trader) and Jacques Marquette (priest) – explored the Miss. River

Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – explored the Miss. again claimed the territory for King Louis XIV (Louisiana) Founded a port named New Orleans

Tenant farmers – settlers pay a lord an annual rent and worked for lord a fixed number of days

New France grew so slowly that the Native Americans were not forced off their lands (France = respect)

NEW SPAIN

Spain settled all over South, Central, and North America Santa Fe - Spanish settlement Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California Goal = set up a boundary between France and Mexico Missions – religious settlements established to convert

people to a faith Junipero Serra – Franciscan monk founded a

mission in San Diego Set up 8 more missions along El Camino Real ( The

Royal Highway) – Los Angeles and Monterey

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Checking for Understanding

__ 1. laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

__ 2. farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops

__ 3. religious settlement

__ 4. person or country that owes money

__ 5. a formal plan of government

A. indentured servant

B. constitution

C. debtor

D. tenant farmer

E. mission

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

A

D

E

C

B