Chapter 3, Section 2Chapter 3, Section 2Part IIPart II

Creating and Ratifying the Creating and Ratifying the Constitution (74-78)Constitution (74-78)

Main IdeaMain Idea

• Many of the provisions of the Many of the provisions of the Constitution were arrived at through Constitution were arrived at through a series of compromises.a series of compromises.

I. I. Two Opposing PlansTwo Opposing Plans (74-75) (74-75)A.A. Virginia PlanVirginia Plan-1787 -1787 (Favored by NY, Mass,

Penn, Va)

1. Created by James Madison1. Created by James Madison

2. Called for government with 3 branches2. Called for government with 3 branches

a. Legislative Branch (lawmakers)a. Legislative Branch (lawmakers)

b. Executive Branch (carry out laws)b. Executive Branch (carry out laws)

c. Judicial Branch (interpret laws)c. Judicial Branch (interpret laws)

3. Legislature would have two houses; 3. Legislature would have two houses; states would be represented based on states would be represented based on the population of each state. the population of each state.

***More populated states = more ***More populated states = more power!*** power!***

(1:59)

B. B. New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan- 1787- 1787 (favored by NJ, Md, Del)

1. Created by William Patterson1. Created by William Patterson

2. Also called for 3 branches of 2. Also called for 3 branches of governmentgovernment

3. Legislature would have one house 3. Legislature would have one house and each state gets 1 vote.and each state gets 1 vote.

4. This plan would give equal power to 4. This plan would give equal power to large large ANDAND small states!small states!

5. Larger states 5. Larger states did notdid not like this plan! like this plan!

II. II. Great CompromiseGreat Compromise (p. 75) (p. 75)

A.A. For six weeks, delegates fiercely For six weeks, delegates fiercely debated both plans.debated both plans.

B.B. Sherman’s committee proposed a Sherman’s committee proposed a SenateSenate and a and a House of House of Representatives.Representatives.

***Each state would have equal ***Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. representation in the Senate.

Representation in the House would Representation in the House would be based on population.***be based on population.***

C.C. The delegates accepted this The delegates accepted this plan = plan =

THE GREAT COMPROMISETHE GREAT COMPROMISE

(1:18)

Another disagreementAnother disagreement***Southern states wanted to take ***Southern states wanted to take

advantage of enslaved African advantage of enslaved African Americans and count them as part Americans and count them as part of their population determining of their population determining representation in the House. representation in the House. Northern states opposed!***Northern states opposed!***

D.D. This led to the This led to the Three-Fifths CompromiseThree-Fifths Compromise.. (550,000 slaves in south)(550,000 slaves in south)

EE.. 3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise-- Delegates agreed that Delegates agreed that every 5 enslaved persons would count as every 5 enslaved persons would count as three free persons when determining three free persons when determining congressional representation and taxes.congressional representation and taxes. (100 slaves =60 persons)(100 slaves =60 persons)

Other compromises madeOther compromises madeF.F. Northern states wanted Congress to be able to Northern states wanted Congress to be able to

regulate all trade.regulate all trade.

G.G. Southern states feared Congress would then tax Southern states feared Congress would then tax their exports and stop slave trade.their exports and stop slave trade.

HH.. Agreement-Agreement- a. Congress regulates interstate trade a. Congress regulates interstate trade but can’t tax exportsbut can’t tax exports b. Slave trade continues until 1808b. Slave trade continues until 1808

I.I. Delegates disagreed on whether Congress or the Delegates disagreed on whether Congress or the voters should choose the president. voters should choose the president.

The solution was called the:The solution was called the: Electoral College.Electoral College.

I.I. Electoral CollegeElectoral College-- A group of people A group of people named by each legislature to select named by each legislature to select the president and vice president. the president and vice president. Today, voters in each state, not the Today, voters in each state, not the legislators, choose electors. legislators, choose electors.

(2:10)

III. III. Approving the ConstitutionApproving the Constitution (77-78) (77-78)

A.A. Ratification required at least 9/13 Ratification required at least 9/13 statesstates

B.B. There were There were 22 main groups. main groups.

1.1. FederalistsFederalists- - Supporters of the new Supporters of the new Constitution. They believed in Constitution. They believed in Federalism.Federalism.

FederalismFederalism- - form of government form of government in in which power is divided between which power is divided between the the national government and the national government and the states.states.

Federalists favored a strong national gov. andFederalists favored a strong national gov. and

published a series of essays-published a series of essays- The FederalistsThe Federalists

(Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay)(Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay)

2.2. Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists- - Opposed new Opposed new Constitution. Afraid the new national Constitution. Afraid the new national gov. would be too strong and wanted gov. would be too strong and wanted indiv.indiv.

rights guaranteed.rights guaranteed.

C.C. Solution:Solution: agreeing to add agreeing to add Bill of Bill of RightsRights.. This promise helped lead to This promise helped lead to ratification. ratification.

D.D. The Constitution took effect when New The Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the 9th state to Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify it!ratify it!

NC- 12thRI- 13th

Mini Quiz!!! Mini Quiz!!! 1.1. The New Jersey Plan favored which The New Jersey Plan favored which

states? Virginia Plan?states? Virginia Plan?

2.2. What did both plans have in common?What did both plans have in common?

3.3. What was the Great Compromise?What was the Great Compromise?

4.4. Did the 3/5 Compromise help the northern Did the 3/5 Compromise help the northern or southern states?or southern states?

5.5. Which group supported the new Which group supported the new Constitution? Federalists or Anti-Constitution? Federalists or Anti-Federalists?Federalists?

6.6. The addition of this finally led the anti-The addition of this finally led the anti-federalists to approving the new federalists to approving the new constitution..constitution..