52

CHAPTER-3

PROFILE OF COLLEGE LIBRARIES IN

COASTAL KARNATAKA: AN

OVERVIEW

53

CHAPTER-3

PROFILE OF COLLEGE LIBRARIES OF COASTAL

KARNATAKA: AN OVER VIEW

3.1 INTRODUCTION:

Costal Karnataka region which is known as the Kanara or Canara, comprises

three coastal districts of Karnataka, namely Uttara Kannada. Udupi and Dakshina

Kannada in south western India. Coastal Karnataka forms the southern part of the

konkan coast. The districts of coastal Karnataka forms the southern of the three

coastal districts of the new Mysore state, which are known as South Kanara, Udupi

and North Kanara. The name ‗Kanara‘ (which was formerly spelt as ‗Canara‘) is

derived from ‗Kannada‘, the name of the original language of the state. It appears that

the Portuguese, who on arrival in this part of India, found the common linguistic

medium of the people to be kannada, and accordingly called the area as ‗Canara‘. This

name applied to the whole coastal belt of Karnataka and was continued to be used as

such by the British. When this ‗Canara‘ Coastal Karnataka was divided in to two parts

in 1860, this southern area was called South Kanara and part lying to the North of it

was termed North Kanara. In Kannada, they are known as ―Dakshina Kannada

District‖ and ―Uttara Kannada District‖respectively.

Dakshina Kannada District again divided into two parts in1997. It was called

Udupi district. The length of this region from North to South is around 320 kilometers

and width varies from 30 to 110 kilometers. It is bordered by the state of Goa to the

north and the state of Kerala to the South. This region sheltered by the Western Ghats

on the East and surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the West.

54

3.2 Location, Boundary and Climate of Coastal Karantaka.

Districts of Coastal Karnataka Map

Coastal Karnataka is situated on the Western Coast of India, between Bombay and

Cape Comorin. From North to South, it is a long narrow strip of territory and from

East to West; it is a broken low plateau which spreads form the ‗Western Ghats to the

Arabian Sea known in kannada as ‗Pashchima Samudra‘ (Western Sea)‘. The major

55

part of its length lies along the seaboard. The area is interested by many rivers and

streams and presents varied and most picturesque scenery.

This region is hilly and thickly wooded in most of the parts. Its major part is

essentially highland, the lowland being restricted to pockets along the courses of

rivers. A somewhat broken and irregular Sahyadri range of central hills with an

average height of 700 meters divides the coastal Karnataka in to two parts, the

uplands and low lands (above sea level). The Coastal Karnataka belt is though

unbroken by deep bays or wide-mouthed estuaries, the coast is varied and with rocky

islands and rocky capes, stretches of palm-fringed sand beach, low narrow river

mouths and rough bluffs and head lands. These stretch rich winding valleys, warring

woody hills and a wild background of high peaks behind the changing coast line. The

region has three main and distinctive parts that, the coast lands, the Sahyadrian

interior and eastern margin where the table land begins. Relief and climate have

introduced these regional differences. The coast lands are the best developed areas

with high degree of economic development and education, high density of population.

The Sahyadrian region is mostly forested, and only the roads crossing the

Ghats sustain human activity, though the valleys have special significance as belts of

spice and areca gardens for which the region has been famous since antiquity. The

eastern margin is an undulating land, partly under forest and partly cleared up for

agriculture.

Costal Karnataka is mainly divided in to 3 districts.

1) Uttara Kannada district in Coastal belt.

(Important towns: Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar, Bhatkal)

2) Udupi district.

(Important towns: Udupi, Brahmavar, Kundapura, Karkala, Byndoor)

56

3) Dakshina Kannada district in Coastal belt.

(Important towns: Mangalore, Bantwal, Vittala, Puttur, Sullia, Surathkal, Moodbidri,

Uppinangadi, Mulki, Dharamstala, Ujire, Subramanya.)

Coastal Karnataka which is a long and narrow strip of territory is bounded on

the north side by the Kanakona taluk in Goa State and Belgum district. The east by

the district of Hubli-Dharwad, Shimoga, Chikmagalur, Hassan and Coorg. On the

south by the Kumbal Kasaragod Taluk, which is present in Kerala state, and on the

west by the Arabian Sea. Kali, Godavari, Aghanashini, Sharavati, etc. reivers are

flowing from uplands to downlands and joined to Arebian sea. Most of the villages

are situated along the river banks and also along the coastal line. The smaller valleys

and the lateritic plateaus seem to dominate the entire landscape.

Beyond the low level plateaus of Coastal Karnataka regions, lies the

Malenadu of the North Karnataka. This is physically an extension of the Sahyadiran

main range from Maharastra in the north and it continues to south in the district of

Shimoga and Hassan. The Kali and Sharavati rivers drain a large portion of the

plateau are and through their captured courses divert these waters to the Arabian Sea.

Rich red soil, perennial water supply through streams, leaf manure form adjoining

evergreen forests, and a uniform moist heat throughout the year are its major needs.

Crop production mainly consists of Rice, Sugarcane, Ragi and Spices that important

group of crops for which this Coastal Karnataka Belt has been famous ever since the

days of early Hindu Civilization. Here is may be stated that the crops of pepper, Betel

nut, Cardamom and Banana gardens produce are the major economic assets of

Sahyadrian region.

57

3.3 BRIEF HISTORY, GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN COASTAL

KARNATAKA

Brief History :

Coastal Karnataka: A Historical View

Information available on the pre-history of Coastal Karnataka area is very

meagre. Heavy rainfall and geographical changes may have caused the destruction of

58

pre-historic remains in the region. Another important reason is that ―non- availability

of suitable raw materials for the manufacture of tools, and the relatively in hospitable

environment‖ with dense tropical mansoon forest might have made the early man to

bypass the region.

In some sites between Karwar and Gokarna, Mesolithic tools made of quartz

were collected by Joshi, Rajguru and Pappu Pune, indicative of the existence of early

man in the area. These scholars also located a megalithic stone alignment near

Achargadde hamlet on the banks of the Gangavali. The scholars stated that ―The

extreme rugged nature of the country and the absence of suitable raw materials for

making stone tools possibly account for the meagre evidence of Stone Age remain in

the area‖. Pre-Historic man must have started his activities in this region only during

the age when iron axe could be made and dense forests could be tamed.

Dr. B.A. Saletore is of the view that the Western Coast of India had trans-

oceanic trade about the beginning, of the Second Millennium B.C. The strong

tradition current in Coastal Karnataka as elsewhere in the Western Coast embodied in

the ‗Sahyadrikanda‘ of ‗Skanda Purana‘ that the region was the creation of

Parashurama, the sixth incarnation (avatara) of Vishnu, who by throwing his axe from

a point on the Western Ghat and asking the Ocean to recede back to the extent of the

distance covered by his axe. Thus, the region is believed to be a part of the

Parashurama Sristhi or the region is created by Parashurama.

Remains of the proto-historic and the Shatavahana period in Kuntala (Uttara

Kannada) (130-203 A.D.), The Chutus (rule over the region of north Coastal

Karnataka) from (2nd

century A.D. to 3rd

century A.D.), Kadambas of Banavasi period

in Uttara Kannada was stated Kadambas was Chandavar (Honnavar) (325A.D.), The

Bhojas ruled of North Konkan Strip, Vijaranagara empire in the southern taluks of

Uttara Kannada in the year(1336), Saluvas of Gersoppa and Haduvalli (Bhatkal),

from end of the 13th

century have been found in North part of the Coastal Karnataka.

59

The Political Histroy of Tuluva (Southern part of Coastal Karnataka) from the

early centuries of the Christian era to the annexation of the district by the British in

1799 A.D. may broadly divided into:

1) The Alupa Period (Aluva) in Bhatkal, Honnavar and Karkala area (793-

814 A.D.)

2) The Vijayanagar period from (1336-1346 A.D.) in Tuluva were at Barkuru

and Mangalore.

3) The period of the Keladi Nayakas ruled in on the boarders of Kanara

above the Ghats Geresoppe (Honnavara), Karkala, Ullal, ‗Casselgode‘

(Kumbal Kasaragod)in (1500-1540 AD)

4) The period of Haidar Ali and Tippu Sultan in Honnavar and Mangalore in

(1756-1763 A.D.)

In the first century of Christian era the author of the Periplus states that the

Egyptians exported woolen and linen cloth, wine and bullion to India and received in

return spices, gems, silk, pepper, ivory, cotton, betel and tortoise-shell. Some of these

probably went from South Kanara. Greek and Roman writers (150 A.D.) notices that

the trade between West-Coast of India and the Mediterranean countries has been

directly from South Kanara and North Kanara ports and by means inter-portal trade

with the large emporia. In 1514, a Portuguese traveler, Duarte Barbosa, visited the

coast of Kanara. He has described ‗Tulinat‘ (Tulunadu) as beginning from north of

‗Honore‘ and containing many rivers and sea ports in which there was much trade and

shipping bound for various places.

In 1501 the Portuguese Voyager Vasco Da Gama had visited to Bhatkal and

negotiated with the king and the merchants about the possibility of trade. During his

second trip in 1502 Vasco Da Gama reached Anjadiv Island and tried to build a fort at

Bhatkal. But Portuguese were not permitted to build a fort at Bhatkal by Vijayanagara

Empire. The English East India Company from Surat traded at north coastal

Karnataka in 1619 by purchasing pepper and sandalwood and after 1630 they actively

started trading at Goa and they founded a factory at Bhatkal in 1637, Karwar in 1716,

Honnavar in 1727. But by some incident in 1670 the Bhatkal factory was closed.

60

Until 1860 the Kanara district (Coastal Karnataka) was under a single

administration. In that year, however, a division of this area which had a natural and

cultural unity was brought about. The Coastal Karnataka was partitioned in to North

Kanara and South Kanara. In 1862 the former was tagged on to the Bombay

Presidency, while the later portion was retained in the Madras Presidency. It was

claimed that the transfer of North Kanara to Bombay Presidency and the transfer of

South Kanara was to Medras Presidency.

After the portion of coastal Karnataka it runs on the general pattern of Indian

districts, under the administration of the British Collectorate with passive

acquiescence of the people for a period. The district had the benefit of early

introduction of modern education. The Catholic and Protestant Missions did a lot for

the growth of Mangalore town, and they were pioneers in the fields of education in

the district.

The later period saw in Coastal Karnataka rapid growth of political and social

consciousness among the people of the both districts, due to the activities of the

Indian National Congress, spread of education and publication of Journals. It may be

remembered that South Kanara and present Udupi was the cradle of Kannada

Journalism. The fight for freedom was the main source of inspiration for some of the

South Kanara papers like the ‗Thilaka Sandesha‘ (1919), ‗Satyagrahi‘ (1921), and

‗Swadeshi Pracharaka‘ (1940) were popularly.

Growth of Higher Education & Educational Institutions

Higher Education in Northern Part of Coastal Karnataka

Northern Part of Coastal Karnataka appears to have been to some extent an

educationally advanced region in historical times. The Buddhists appear to have

fostered learning at the few Viharas they had in the Northern part of the Coastal belt

at Divgi (Kumta), Napitpalli, etc. The Kadamba royal family itself hailed from a

61

family of scholars from the neighboring Talagunda agrahara. Tradition in the Costal

area is replete with statements informing that the Kadambas encouraged the migration

of scholarly Brahmanas from Ahikshetra and founded many Agraharas. Brahmanas

with good educational background had spread out in the north part, taking to areca

plantations. In these families at least one member would take to classical learning at

the various academic centers in the Coastal Karnataka. Popularity of Yakshagana also

helped to nourish the academic life and it touched all sections of the society. An

inscription from Hulekal, Haldipur plates speaks about agrahara. 11th

-century records

says that, Kumta, Gokarna, Karki, Shirali, Mallinathapur (Mallapur), Chandavar were

notable major agrahara founded by the Kadambas of Goa. Those Agraharas had

settlements of scholars where teaching was being continued.

Frayer who visited Gokarna in 1676 speaks of the ―Principal University of

the Brahamins‖, which he describes as ―well-endowed‖. He also speaks of the library

at the place of old manuscripts. In Agraharas the mahajanas engaged themselves in

the study of the 14 vidyas which also included the Vedas.

With the advent of the British, education become a concern of the

Government, particularly from the middle of the 19th

century. Before this ―every large

village had a school, kept generally by a Shenvi Brahman and attended by boys under

fifteen‖. By 1880-81 eight such institutions had survived with 150 pupils as such

institutions received a setback by the introduction of State Schools. These teachers

were paid a monthly fee of two annas (12 Paisa) to one rupee. The Bombay Primary

Education Act 1923 had made a provision for transfer of primary schools to the local

bodies called the District School Board. This act also aimed at the introduction of

universal compulsory elementary education. The period from 1960-1975 witnessed a

considerable expansion in the number of educational institutions.

In 1950 Karnataka University, Dharwad was established to serve the needs of

the Bombay-Karnataka region including the low-lands of Uttara Kannada districts it

means Northern part of Coastal Karnataka. Until 1949, this part did not have any

institution of higher education, students were to seek admission at Dharwad, Belgum,

62

Kolhapur, Sangli, Pune and Bombay. Meanwhile Kanara College Society, Kumta,

founded the Canara College in 1949, now named Dr. A.V.Baliga College of Arts and

Science at Kumta. There was no college at Karwar before one arts and Science

College was started in 1961 by the Academy of General Education. During 1962 to

1975 about 13 degree colleges (offering course in arts, Science and commerce), three

professional colleges, two B.Ed. colleges and one Law College were opened. In

karwar one Government college established in 1962, which are under the

administration control of Director of the collegiate Education.

Some Earlier Educational Institutions

1) Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College, Honavar:

The Malnad Progressive Educational Society, Honavar, started this college in

1964. The temple authority of Dharmasthala has extended financial aid to this

institution. Initially offering only PU Course in Arts, Science and Commerce,

later the college became a full-fledged degree college, offering B.A., B.Sc.,

and B.Com degree courses.

2) Anjunam Arts, Science and Commerce College, Bhatkal:

The Anjuman College of Arts, Science and Commerce started by the Anjuman

Hami-e-Muslimeen Education Trust in the beginning (1968) offered only PU

Arts course with 101 students. Later it added science and commerce courses in

two-year PUC and degree courses in arts, science and commerce. The college

has a well-equipped library.

3) Mahasatee Arts and Commerce College, Ulga:

Sri Shivaji Education Society, founded in 1954 at Ulga, Karwar taluk the

Mahasatee Arts and Commerce College in 1975.

4) Shivaji Arts and Commerce College, Baad, Karwar:

The Shivaji Education Society, Baad, Karwar, started this arts and Commerce

College in 1972.

63

5) Government Arts and Science College, Karwar :

The present Government Arts and Science College, Karwar, was started in

1961 by a private organization called the Academy of General Education. It

was the first college at Karwar and had student strength of 248 including 30

girls in 1961 and of these 224 were in PUC and 24 in degree classes. The

college was transferred to the Government in 1977.

6) Dr.A.V. Baliga College of Arts and Science, Kumta:

Kanara College Society started this college at Kumta in the year 1949. It was

the first college in the district, then affiliated to the Bombay University. The

college is provided with well equipped separate library with 30,000 books.

7) Dr.A.V.Baliga College of Commerce, Kumta:

Kanara College Society, Kumta started the Commerce College in 1966. It had

strength of 471 students in 1975, of whom 236 were in Pre-University course

and 235 in the three year B.Com. Course.

8) Gokhale Centenary College, Ankola:

Founded in 1966 by the Kanara Welfare Trust, and named in memory of

Gopala Krishna Gokhale‘s birth centenary celebration, this college was

inaugurated by Dr. Radhakrishnan, then the Vice-President of India. In 1969 it

became a full-fledged college with degree classes in B.A., B.Sc., and B.Com.

It has a well-equipped library which contains 31,857 books.

9) Divekar College of Commerce, Karwar:

The Divekar College of Commerce was started at Karwar in 1970 by the

Kanara Welfare Trust, with the encouragement of Dr. M.R. Divekar, a trustee

of the Divekar Charity.

10) College of Education Baad:

This was started, at Baad, near Karwar in 1972 by the Shivaji Education

Society. Karwar.

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Higher Education in Southern Part of Coastal Karnataka

In the early days, in Southern part of Coastal Karnataka, there were indigenous

schools known as the Ayyagala mathas. Largely, these were conducted by priests or

other pundits, resident in mathas or temples. Some of these schools were also run by

Shanbhogues or some clerks attached to land-holders either in connection with the

education of their master‘s children or as private schools of their own. Learning in

these schools was mainly through memorization. The boys and girls obtained

knowledge of Kannada letters by writing on sand. Later, they learnt to use the iron

needle on palm leaves for writing. They also learnt some arithmetic by committing

to memory tables of additions, multiplications, etc. Attention was also paid to

fractions and mental arithmetic. The pupils committed to memory also various pieces

of poetry selected from Mahabharata, Ramayana, Bhagavata, ect. There were also

Vedic Pathashalas in the region, where the Vedas, Upanishads, logic, philosophy,

literature, astrology, puranas etc. and sometimes medicine were taught and the

instruction was in Sanskrit. The libraries of these pathashalas consisted of Palm leaf

manuscripts.

Later days wars between the British and Tippu Sultan had disorganized the

indigenous system of education. After the region passed in to the hands of the British,

Sir Thomas Munro ordered a survey of education in 1882 and drew up a scheme for

education. In 1836, a Board of Education was established in Madras. Wood‘s

Dispatch of 1854 opened a new vista for the promotion of education and a department

of Education was established in the Madras presidency, which took up the work of

expanding education. With a view to providing training to teachers, a normal school

was opened. The existing schools were continued and Government Schools were

opened in 1855-56. Education at primary, secondary and college levels took a definite

shape. The missionary societies, which entered the field of education, established

schools at Mangalore and Udupi (1838). In 1844, the Jesuit Mission opened its school

at Mangalore. The local people of Mangalore raised contributions to the tune of Rs.

65,000 with the help of which a Government school was opened at Mangalore in

1867. The Education Department laid down requirements in respect of curriculum

text-books and standard of attainment in schools.

65

The year 1857 was a land mark in the field of higher education, when the

University of Madras was established, and it conducted the Matriculation and Degree

Examinations. The Mangalore Government Schools was raised to the status of a

second Grade College in 1869. Later on the Jesuit Mission also opened a college. The

medium of instruction was English from standard 5th

onwards. In 1855, a grant-in-aid

code was first introduced, and in subsequent years it underwent revisions. The

provision made in the code for financial assistance to institutions helped to bring a

large number of indigenous schools under the system of primary education.

The southern part of Coastal Karnataka which was formerly a part of the

Madras State had comprised Mangalore, Coondapur (Kundapur), Udupi, Karkal,

Puttur, Belthangady and Kasargod taluks, before its integration with the new Mysore

state in 1956, when the Kasaragod taluk was transferred to Kerala. In 1923, two

conferences convened by the Government stressed the need for the gradual expansion

of elementary education by establishing a school in every village with a population of

over 500 inhabitants, by developing and improving the existing schools and by

requiring the local bodies to open new schools. In 1924, a special survey of

elementary education was undertaken in all taluks of the Madras Presidency and as a

result of this subsidy were given by the government for opening a number of schools

and institutions.

In the early part of the 19th

century, there were only three colleges in southern

part of Coastal Karnataka. The Government Arts college, Mangalore, was only a

second grade college with intermediate classes and there were two private colleges,

that the St. Aloysius College and St. Agnes college, which were first grade colleges.

In 1948, the Government College Mangalore was upgraded in to a first grade college.

In 1949, the opening of the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial college at Udupi marked the

initial major achievement of the Academy of General Education, Manipal. During the

decade from 1950 to 1960, a few more colleges came in to existence. When the region

was in the Madras state, the colleges in the South Kanara were affiliated to the

Madras University. After the integration of the area with the new Mysore state, the

other colleges were also affiliated to the Mysore University. In 1959-60 there were

66

seven colleges, three at Mangalore, two at Udupi, and one each at Puttur and Karkal

were established.

Establishment of earlier Educational Institutions.

The number of colleges rose to 17 by 1969 besides two institutions namely,

the Institute of Social service and the Post-Graduate centre which came in to existence

at Mangalore. As in 1971-72 there were four colleges in Mangalore city, of which one

was a Government college and three were missionary colleges including one evening

college. At Udupi, there were three colleges, and two colleges at Puttur, and other

colleges were located at Karkal, Mulki, Kundapur, Moodabidri, Ujire, Surathkal,

Kallinapura and Bantwal.

1) St. Aloysius College, Mangalore:

The St. Aloysius College, which was started in 1880, was raised to the status

of a second grade college in 1882 and to that of first grade in 1887. Subjects in Arts,

Science and Commerce are taught in this college. It has a large library with 28,654

volumes.

2) St. Agnes College, Mangalore:

The institute of the Apostolic Carmel has been a pioneer institution in the field

of women‘s education in South India. Under the guidance of the Rev. Mother Aloysia,

the St. Agnes College was started at Mangalore in 1920 with a view to catering to the

needs of higher education among women. It was affiliated to the Madras University in

1921 for the Intermediate course and was one of the first private women‘s colleges in

India. The College started with only 24 students on its rolls. In June 1924, the B.A.

class was started with 12 students and it became a first grade college from that year.

The College library had 14,253 books in English, 2,244 in Kannada, 822 in Hindi and

188 in French, and the reading room was subscribing to six dailies and 118

periodicals.

67

3) Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College,Udupi:

The Mahatma Gandhi College, Udipi, was established by the Academy of General

Education, Manipal, which runs a number of educational institutions in the district.

This was the first college to be started by the Academy which has been rendering

tremendous services in the field of education. The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial

College was formally inaugurated in June 1949, with strength of 89 students. Dr.

T.M.A. Pai, the Registrar of the Academy, donated a sum of Rs. 50,000 to the general

funds of the College. Originally, the College was housed in a temporary building.

Later on, the Academy selected a spacious site at Sagri and got it alienated free of all

charges from the Madras Government. New college building was established in 1951.

The college has a good library and reading room, kept open from 9 A.M. to 8 P.M. In

1972, the library contained 28,229 books in English, 8,422 in Kannada, 1,071 in

Sanskrit, 1,534 in Hindi and 980 in other languages, making a total of 40,236 books.

It was getting 113 English, 32 Kannada, 11 Hindi and one Sanskrit periodical besides

six English and four Kannada dailies.

4) Institute of Social Service Mangalore:

The Institute of Social Service Roshni Nilaya, Mangalore, was established in

1960 with the main object of training social workers. To begin with, it conducted a

diploma course in Social Work. In 1967, a higher course leading to Master‘s Degree

was started and the Institute was affiliated to the University of Mysore.

5) St. Ann‘s Training College for Women:

St. Ann‘s Training College for Women, the first L.T. College in South Kanara

was started in 1943 by the Apostolic Carmel Education Society, with a view to

training teachers for high schools.

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6) Teachers Training Institutes:

In 1947, there were four Teacher‘s Training Institutes in South Kanara, but

there was no facility for training language teachers such as Pandits. As in 1971-72

there were three Government and four non-Government T.C.H. Institutes were

established. Since 1971-72 S.S.L.C. passed pundits are also allowed to take up B.Ed.

course in Kannada medium.

7) Fisheries College, Mangalore:

The fisheries college, Mangalore, is the first professional college of its type in

India and it was established in 1969 as a constituent college of the University of

Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, with an objective of providing the required technical

and scientific personnel for the development of fisheries.

3.4 LIST OF COLLEGE LIBRARIES IN COASTAL

KARNATAKA CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY.

The following colleges of costal Karnataka listed in the below given table were

considered for the study based on the year of their establishment. A well structured

questionnaire was designed and distributed among these colleges and the relevant data

was collected and analyzed to know the problems particularly in the areas of

computer applications.

Sl. No Name of College Location District Year of

Establishment

1. Divekar College of Commerce Karwar Uttara Kannada 1970

2. Shivaji Arts, Com & BCA College Baad,

Karwar

Uttara Kannada 1970

3. Govt. Arts, Sci College Karwar Uttara Kannada 1961

4. S.Es‘s Mahasatee Arts & Commerce

College

Karwar Uttara Kannada 1975

5. Bapuji GVS Arts & Commerce College Sadashivgad, Uttara Kannada 1985

69

Karwar

6. Shivaji College of Education Baad,

Karwar,

Uttara Kannada 1972

7. Vocational Course in Tailoring &

Embridary College

Baad,

Karwar,

Uttara Kannada 1982

8. Ghokale Centarnary College Ankola Uttara Kannada 1966

9. Dr.A.V.Baliga Arts & Sci College Kumta Uttara Kannada 1949

10. Kamala Baliga College of Commerce Kumta Uttara Kannada 1949

11. Dr. A.V.Baliga B.B.A. Com. College &

P.G.Studies

Kumta Uttara Kannada 1966

12. Kamala Baliga College of Commerce Kumta Uttara Kannada 1949

13. Shree Dharmastala Manjunatheshwara

College

Honnavar Uttara Kannada 1964

14. Anjuman Arts Science &Com. College Bhatkal Uttara Kannada 1968

15. Anjuman college for women Bhatkal Uttara Kannada 1983

16. Bhandarkar‘s Arts & Science, Commerce

college

Kundapura Udupi 1965

17. Beary‘s First Grade College Kundapura Udupi 1906

18. Government Ist Grede College Byndoor Udupi 1983

19. Saint Mary‘s Syrian College Brahmavar Udupi 1980

20. Smt. Rukmini Shedthi Memorial National

Govt. First Grade College

Barkur Udupi 1998

21. Govt. Ist Grade College Shankaranarayan Kundapura Udupi 1991

22. Cross Land College Brahmavar Udupi 1984

23. Sri Sharada College Basrur Kundapur Udupi 1973

24. Udupi College of Education Adi udupi Udupi 1997

25. Udupi Institute of Hotel & Tourism

Science

Udupi Udupi 1999

26. Shree Poornaprajna Engineering College Udupi Udupi 1966

27. Dr. T.M.A. Pai college of Education

Kanjibettu

Udupi Udupi 1965

28. Government Ist Grade College Udupi Udupi 1983

29. Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College Udupi Udupi 1955

30. Government Ist Grade College

Thenkanidiyoor

Udupi Udupi 1982

31. Poornaprajna College Udupi Admarmutt Udupi Udupi 1960

32. Welcome Group Graduate School of Hotel

Administration

Manipal Udupi 1987

70

33. Upendra Pai Memorial College Manipal Udupi 1991

34. Madhava Pai Memorial College Manipal Udupi 1999

35. St. Mary‘s College Shirva Udupi Udupi 1980

36. Mulky Sundaram Shetty College Shirva Udupi Udupi 1980

37. Government Ist Grade College Kapu Udupi 1992

38. Government Ist Grade College Hebri Udupi 1980

39. Milagres College kollinapur Udupi Udupi 1967

40. Dr. N.S.A.M. First Grade College Nitte Karkala Udupi 1988

41. Sri Bhuvanendra College Karkala Karkala Udupi 1960

42. Sri Venkatraman Womens College Karkala Udupi 1988

43. Manjunatha Pai Memorial Govt. First

Grade College Hebri

Karkala Udupi 1981

44. K.R.E College Srinivasnagar, Surathkal Surathkal Dakshina

Kannada

1960

45. Govind Dasa College surathkal Surathkal Dakshina

Kannada

1967

46. Colaco College of Management

Kankanady

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1955

47. Vijaya First Grade College Mulki Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1963

48. S.D.P.T. First Grade College Kateel Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1988

49. University College Hampanakatte Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1868

50. St. Agnes College Bendur Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1921

51. Karavali Degree College Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1996

52. Canara Ist Grade College Kodialbail Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1973

53. Shri Dharmastala Manjunatheswara

College of Business Management

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1988

54. Pompei College Aikala Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1981

55. Agasthya College of Management Studies Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1999

56. School of Social work Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1967

57. Sri Gokarnnatheswara College of Mangalore Dakshina 1982

71

Education Kannada

58. Meredian College Ullal Beach, Someshwar Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1995

59. St. Aloysias College Institute Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1880

60. Besant Ist Grade evening College

Kodialbail

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1982

61. A.J. Institute of Management Kottara Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1999

62. Karavali College of Interior Decoration Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1996

63. Karavali of Applied Science Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1996

64. Shree Devi College of Hotel Management Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1992

65. Saroja Institute of Hotel Administration

Kannur

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1992

66. College of Teacher Education Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1950

67. Karavali College of Education Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1996

68. Besant Ist Grade College Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1976

69. Srinivas Nayak Memorial Institute of

Management & P.G. Studies Mangalore

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1988

70. Shtee Devi College of Information Science Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1992

71. Moegling Institute of German Language

Balmatta

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1979

72. Dr. M.V.Shetty College of Social Work

Kavoor

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1999

73. Besant Women‘s College Kodialbail Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1977

74. St. Anns College of Education Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1973

75. Leelavathi Shetty College of Education

Kavoor

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1985

76. Karavali College of Fashion Design Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1996

72

77. Moti Mahal College of Hotel Management Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1992

78. Saptagiri College of Hotel Management

Kavoor

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1989

79. Shree Niranjana Swamy First Grade

College Bajpe

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1992

80. Karavali College of Hotel Management Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1999

81. St. Aloshyus Evening College Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1966

82. St. Philomena‘s College Darbe Darbe Dakshina

Kannada

1958

83. Sri Mahaveera College Moodbidri Moodbidri Dakshina

Kannada

1965

84. Government First Grade College

Vamapadavu

Bantwal Dakshina

Kannada

1992

85. Sri Dhavala College Moodbidri Moodbidri Dakshina

Kannada

1979

86. Alvas Degree College of Arts, Sci &

Management

Moodbidri Dakshina

Kannada

1998

87. Sacred Heart College Belthangady Belthangady Dakshina

Kannada

1982

88. Shree Dharmastala Manjunatheswara Arts,

Sci & Com College of Education Ujire

Belthangady Dakshina

Kannada

1966

89. Government Ist Grade College

Belthandady

Belthandady Dakshina

Kannada

1983

90. College of Fisheries Near to Arebian Sea Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1969

91. Sri Venkatramanaswamy College Bantwal Bantwal Dakshina

Kannada

1968

92. Kukke Shri Subramanyeshwara First

Grade College

Subramanya Dakshina

Kannada

1983

93. Government First Grade College

Haleangady

Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1991

94. Government First Grade College

Uppinangady

Dakshina

Kannada

Dakshina

Kannada

1982

95. Directorate of Cashew Research Institute

Puttur

Dakshina

Kannada

Dakshina

Kannada

1985

96. Government Ist Grade College Bettampady Dakshina Dakshina 1991

73

Puttur Kannada Kannada

97. Vivekananda College of Arts, Sci, & Com

Puttur

Puttur Dakshina

Kannada

1965

98. Dr. K shivaramkarantha Govt. First Grade

College Sullia

Dakshina

Kannada

Dakshina

Kannada

1991

99. Sri Neharu Memorial College Sullia Dakshina

Kannada

Dakshina

Kannada

1976

100. Government Ist Grade College Mangalore Dakshina

Kannada

1993

3.5 CONCLUSION

The advancement of new technology makes direct access to information easier

for users, and, while information skills are required to collect and present that

information and communication, in the future there is likely to be less of a role for

information workers as intermediaries between users and information sources.

In fact, there is a paradigm shift from ― a parent-child ‖ relationship between

information provider and user to an ―adult-adult‖ relationship. While new formats and

mechanisms are being developed to cope with this rapidly changing environment, the

existing gap between the generation and use of information is further widening in the

present situation.

In the print-based environment we spoke of library instruction, bibliographic

instruction, and user education programs. Initiation of users, lectures to library users,

library tours, pamphlets and brochures, audio-visual aids and, in a few cases, user

education programs were the main tools and techniques for enabling patrons to make

good use of the library. These tools and techniques must now be supplemented with

ICT based applications for better user-library services.

REFERENCES

Aswal, R.S., ed. (2003). Information Networks in India. NewDelhi: Ess Ess

Publication.

Nair, R. Raman. Internet for Library and Information Services. Nair

www.delnet.nic.in/Del-files/Nacline.htm