The Molecules of CellsChapter 3

Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds

Polarity of hydrocarbons?

Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophilic

Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds

Both C4H8

What is this called?

Importance?

“add-ons” to carbon skeletons

Polar?

Water soluble?

Functional GroupsFunctional Groups

What functional What functional groups do they groups do they

contain?contain?

Formaldehyde?

Ethanol?

Acetone?

Dopamine?

Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids (Ch. 10)

(Macromolecules, Biomolecules)

Organic MoleculesOrganic Molecules

Monomer vs. Polymer

HOH

Linking MonomersLinking MonomersDehydration Synthesis

What type of bond formed?

Separating MonomersSeparating Monomers

Hydrolysis

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Monomer?

Monosaccharide Monosaccharide IsomersIsomers

Glucose and Fructose C6H12O6

Functional groups?

Soluble in water?

DisaccharidesDisaccharides

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose C12H22O11

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

Artificial sweeteners Artificial sweeteners

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Similarities? Differences?

LipidsLipids

Solubility?

Types?

LipidsLipids

Fats and oils (AKA: triglycerides) -Glycerol

-Fatty acidsFunctions?

Linking fatty acids to Linking fatty acids to glycerolglycerol

LipidsLipidsSaturated vs. Unsaturated fatty

acids

LipidsLipids

“Hydrogenated vegetable oil” trans fats

LipidsLipids

Phospholipids Function?

LipidsLipids

Steroids Examples? Functions?

LipidsLipids

Waxes

ProteinsProteinsMonomer?

Functions?

WE ARE A RESULT OF THE PROTEINS WE MAKE!

R group determines AA R group determines AA propertyproperty

Leucinehydrophobic

Serinehydrophilic

Linking Amino AcidsLinking Amino Acids

STRUCTURE = FUNCTIONSTRUCTURE = FUNCTION

What happens if proteins lose their shape?

Causes?

4 levels of4 levels ofProtein StructureProtein Structure

Primary StructurePrimary Structure

Secondary StructureSecondary Structure

Hydrogen Bond

Tertiary StructureTertiary Structure

Quaternary StructureQuaternary Structure

How can a change in the DNA affect a protein’s

function?