Chapter 3: North America. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price &...
-
Upload
moses-davis -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
2
Transcript of Chapter 3: North America. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price &...
Chapter 3: North America
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
2
Learning Objectives
Why North America first? Begin applying concepts from first two chapters in a familiar setting.Identify similarities in cultural, political and economic development.Develop a base of understanding to build upon with other world regions.
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
3
Key Concepts
Boreal Forest, Prairie, TundraAcid RainPostindustrial EconomyMegalopolisCounterurbanizationGentrification
Concentric Zone Model vs. Urban Realm ModelCultural AssimilationNAFTAFederalismSectoral Transformation
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
4
Setting the Boundaries
North AmericaRegion composed of two countries:• Canada• The United States
Highly mobile, industrialized and urbanized
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
5
Figure 3.1
North America
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
6
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
7
Physical Diversity: Landforms
Gulf-Atlantic Coastal PlainPiedmont, Appalachian Mountains and Interior HighlandsInterior LowlandsRocky MountainsPacific Mountains and Valleys
Physical Geography
Figure 3.6
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
9
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
10
Physical Diversity: Climate
Region’s size, latitudinal range and varied terrain contribute to diversity in climate and vegetation patterns.
Coastal Zones: Maritime climateInterior Zones: Continental climateWestern Zones: Highland climate (elevation complicates climatic pattern)
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
11
Climate Map
Figure 3.9
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
13
Figure 3.4
EnvironmentalIssues
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
14
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
15
Human-Environment Interaction: Costs of Human Modification
Soils, Vegetation and WaterAgricultural TransformationsUrban Transformations
AtmosphereAcid RainAir Quality
Resource Consumption
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
16
Population: Current
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns
Uneven pattern of distribution.Metropolitan clusters dominate landscape.
• Megalopolis
Figure 3.11
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
17
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
18
Population: Historic
European Settlement Expansion
1st Stage (1600-1750)2nd Stage (1750-1850)3rd Stage (1850-1910)
Figure 3.12
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
19
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
20
North Americans on the Move
Westward MigrationAfrican-American Migration from the SouthRural-to-Urban MigrationMigration to the Sunbelt SouthCounterurbanization
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
21
Figure 3.19
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
22
American City Growth
Changing Transportation Technologies
Evolving from Concentric Zones to Urban Realms
Figure 3.16
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
24
Settlement Geographies: Urban
Urban Realms Model
Highlights new suburban growth.Edge Cities
• Tysons Corner, VA is an example of this form.
Figure 3.2
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
25
Settlement Geographies: Urban (cont’d)
GentrificationBoston’s Harborplace is an example of an urban revitalization project that rehabilitated a deteriorated inner-city landscape.
Figure 3.17
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
26
Settlement Geographies - Suburban
Sprawl in Las Vegas, NVRapid pace of change in suburban Henderson, NV between 1990 and 2000
Figure 3.14
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
27
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
28
Settlement Geographies: Rural
Repeating geometric patterns are a hallmark of rural North American landscapes
Township and Range
Figure 3.18
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
29
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
30
Figure 3.22 Figure 3.24
Patterns of Ethnicity: Regional and Local Scales
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
31
Globalization of Culture
Cultural Diffusion: Two-way process
North America Other World Regions• Language• Tourism• Internet• Media
Forms of Connectivity
The Legacy of Federalism
1. Two types of state (country) government (1) unitary: power centralized at the national level; and (2) federalism: allocates considerable political power and autonomy to units of government under the national level
2. Early federalism in United States and Canada: United States began with limited central authority and allocated all unspecified authority to states or individuals, while Canada reserved most powers for the central government
3. Evolution of federalism: U.S. has evolved a more powerful central government, while Canada has shifted toward more provincial (state) autonomy
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
33
Geopolitical Framework
Expansion of Political Space: U.S.The Ordinance of 1787Louisiana Purchase in 1803Texas, Pacific Northwest and Southwest by mid-19th CenturyAlaska in 1867Hawaii in 1898
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
34
Geopolitical Framework (cont’d)
Expansion of Political Space: Canada
Quebec Act of 1774Constitutional Act of 1791Act of Union in 1840British North America Act in 1867Nunavut in 1999
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
35
Creating A Continental Economy
Sectoral Transformation
Evolution from primary sector to quaternary sector
Map illustrates spatial concentrations of these transformations
Figure 3.28
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
36
Sectoral Shifts
Figure 3.31
Figure 3.32
Gulf Coast Petroleum Refining
Silicon Valley
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
37
Continental Neighbors: NAFTA
Figure 3.33
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
38
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff
39
Persisting Social Issues
Figure 3.34
Figure 3.35
Figure 3.36
Wealth and Poverty
Aging Landscapes