1

As the colonies grew in the 1600’s and

1700’s, they became the home to

people of many lands. These people

brought their own customs and

traditions. In time, they shaped these

old ways into a new American

Culture.

Chapter 3

(1587-1752)(America, History of Our Nation

Textbook Pages 62-97)

NEW YORK STATE STANDARD

NATIVE AMERICANS: 1. European nations established colonies in North America for economic, religious,

and political reasons. Differences in climate, physical features, access to water, and

sources of labor contributed to the development of different economies in the New

England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.

2. In New York, the Dutch established settlements along the Hudson River and the

French established settlements in the Champlain Valley. Dutch contributions to

American society were long-lasting.

3. Over the course of the 17th and 18th centuries, slavery grew in the colonies.

Enslaved Africans utilized a variety of strategies to both survive and resist their

conditions.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:

1.How and why did the American colonists develop

democratic-like beliefs?

2.How did the institution of slavery develop in America?

3.What were the patterns of colonial government and how did they

differ from one another?

ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:

1.How did the colonial experience has shaped a unique American

way of life?

2.Has African Americans put an end to slavery in American society

today?

I CAN STATEMENTS:I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in

the Americas.

I can explain what how the colonies influenced Americas

representative for of government.

I can explain why slavery existed in America.

LANGUAGE OBJECTIVE:

1.To determine the central idea from an informational text

2.To determine the topic and supporting details from an

informational text.

2

1. What factors influenced the development of the colonies

in the Americas? Explain your answer. (Hint: Virginia Company, Jamestown, Pilgrims, & Puritans)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2. What is a representative form of government? Why did

some colonies govern by electing representatives?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3. Why did the institution of slavery develop in America?

How has slavery impacted our modern society and its beliefs?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

_____________________________________________

3

1.The First English Settlement

The people from England were also determined to set up colonies in the Americas.

How did the English set

up their first colonies?

1-The French settled in the land we call Canada today.

1- The Spanish settled through out the Americas.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain

how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed

in America.

4

English Seeks Colonies

3-Within a year the colonists ran short of food and they were quarreling with their neighboring Indians.

Queen Elizabeth of England allowed Sir Walter Raleigh to raise money for a colony in the Americas.

2-In 1565, the colonists landed on Roanoke an island off the coast of present day North Carolina.

When an English ship stopped in the harbor, Raleigh and many of the settlers sailed home.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced

a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

5

In 1567, Sir Walter Raleigh, sent John White, one of the original settlers, including women and children. When supplies ran low, White returned back to England leaving 117 colonists behind. Their was a war in England with Spain so White could not return back for three years to help the colonists.

4-When White finally came back to Roanoke he found that the settlers disappeared without a trace. Today no one knows what happened to these colonists.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

6

Founding of JamestownAbout twenty years later, in 1606, King James I sent a charter to the Virginia Company of London.

5-A charter is a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.

The land was called Virginia. The charter granted the people of Virginia the same rights as English citizens.

6-The charter gave the Virginia Company the right to settle in the on the Atlantic coastline, called Virginia.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

7

By 1609-1610 the town was near failure due to poor management . 8- Captain John Smith saved the settlement by forcing the settlers to farm. Soon afterwards Jamestown settlers faced many hardships during this time.

7-The Virginia Company named their settlement Jamestown,in 1607, after their King, James I.

9-The relationship with the Powhatan Indians worsened so they did not supply the settlers with food. In addition the settlers faced the worst winter of their lives. The settlers quickly were forced into starvation.

I can explain what factors influenced the development

of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in

America.

8

Since the 1580’s smoking tobacco became fashionable, this made growing tobacco plants very profitable for the colonists in Jamestown. Soon afterwards the Jamestown colony prospered and attracted more settlers.

10-The colony survived by switching over to growing tobacco.

I can explain what factors influenced the development

of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in

America.

9

To attract more people to move to Jamestown, the Virginia Company set also up a different type of government. The new government made a point to consult the settlers on every important decision made in the colony. They set up a Virginia charter modeled from English government.

They elected male representatives to the government, called burgesses. The burgesses met in an assembly called the House of Burgesses. Together with the governor and his council, they made the laws for the colony.

The House of Burgesses marked the beginning of a representative government. 12- In a representative government, voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

Learn more about the House of Burgesses by reading page 69 in your textbook

I can explain what factors influenced the

development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery

existed in America.

10

Click on the Magna Carta to learn more about it

English Traditions

The idea that people had political rights was deeply rooted in English history. In 1215 English nobles forced the King John to sign the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. 13-This document said the King could not raise taxes without first consulting the great nobles and church leaders.

In time these rights were extended to other people and this council grew into a representative assembly, called the Parliament. The Parliament was divided into the House of Lords, made up of nobles, and the elected House of Commons.

How is the Parliament similar to the government in the United States of America?

14-They both elected representatives to make laws.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

11

Women in Virginia

The colonies first women arrived in 1619. The Virginia company sent 100 women to help “make the men more settled.” Living in the colonies was a hardship for the women.

15-They had to make everything from scratch-including clothing, food, and medicines.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

12

Africans come to AmericaRecords show that 15 black men and women were living in the colonies. In 1619, a Dutch ship landed in Jamestown with 20 Africans. The Dutch sold the Africans to the Virginians to help grow tobacco.

By 1644 about 300 Africans lived in the colonies. Some were slaves for life. Records show that some Africans were slaves in the colonies and some were not.

Until this time Africans could own land and property in Virginia.

16-It was not until the 1600's that Virginia would set up a system allowing colonists to enslave Africans.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

13

The Plymouth ColonyIt was not easy to practice your religion in the colonies. Protestants, Christians, and Jews did not get along. Most European countries believed the country had to support a chosen religion, or established church.

People that did not follow the established church were often prosecuted.

17-Religious prosecution is the mistreatment or punishment of certain people because of their beliefs.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced

a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery

existed in America.

14

All Pilgrims wanted was to practice their religion freely. They were often jailed or executed for their beliefs that differed from the English Church.

In September they got permission to set up a colony in Virginia. They boarded the ship called the Mayflower and landed two months later on the shore of Cape Cod. This is present day Massachusetts.

In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the Americas. They did not seek gold or silver.

18-A Pilgrim is a person who takes a religious journey.

19-They named their colony, Plymouth.

I can explain what factors

influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form

of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

15

In time they set up a government in which adult male colonists elected a governor and council. Like Virginia’s Great Charter, a representative government was set up.

The desire for the Pilgrims to worship freely set up a precedent, or example, for others to follow.

The Mayflower Compact

Gathering together the pilgrims set up their own government. They signed the Mayflower Compact.

20-The compact said that they would all agree to consult each other about the laws of the colony.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

16

He taught the settlers how to fish. In the fall the settlers had a good harvest. They invited the Native American Indians to share their thanks for the wonderful harvest.

The Native American Indians helped the settlers face many hardships, like the first harsh winter.

21-An Indian named Squanto brought the Pilgrims seeds of native plants-corn, beans and pumpkins.

22-Americans today celebrate this day as Thanksgiving Day, a national holiday.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

17

13 colonies

2. The New England

Colonies

How did religious beliefs

and dissent influence the

New England Colonies?

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

18

Over the next 100 years, English settlers would build towns

and farms throughout New England.

Click on the

rock to

learn more.

More than 1,000 men, women and children left England in 1630

to settle in the Americas.

23-They set up their colony in Massachusetts Bay, North of

Plymouth.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain

how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in

America.

19

They were different from the Pilgrims, who wanted to separate

entirely from the English church.

Puritans in Massachusetts Bay

The Puritans wanted a simpler form of worship. Puritans were a

powerful group in England. Many were well-educated merchants.

The Puritans were convinced that the English church was not

moving with modern times so the asked for a charter to set up the

Massachusetts Bay Company in New England.

25-The Puritans did not believe in religious toleration-recognition

that other people have the right to different opinions.

24-The Puritans were a religious group that wanted to reform the

church in England.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain

how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed

in America.

20

As the new governor he passed laws without the people

say and heavily taxed the colonists.

The Puritans sailed to New England and set up their colony

in Massachusetts.

26-John Winthrop was elected the first governor of the

colony, Massachusetts.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced

a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery

existed in America.

21

Winthrop quickly realized that people must have say in

their government if things were to run smoothly. The

Massachusetts Bay Company was set up under the

leadership of Winthrop and other

Winthrop

I want people

to have a

voice in

government

Winthrop

Under the leadership of Winthrop the town grew

and later was called Boston.

27-Puritans they granted up their own assembly to

govern themselves. This was called the General Court.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

22

In 1639, the settlers wrote up a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders

of Connecticut. 30-Under the Orders you did not have to be a male church

member to vote. It also limited the governments’ power. As a result the towns

thrived. In 1662 the King of England granted a charter to the settlers. Soon 15

towns were located along the Connecticut River.

Thomas Hooker Settles ConnecticutIn May 1636, about 100 settlers, led by a Puritan minister named Thomas

Hooker, left Massachusetts Bay Colony. They moved west and settled in

a town they called Hartford.

28-Hooker left Massachusetts because he felt the government had too

much power. He wanted to set up a government that did not have strict

laws and limit government powers.

29-Thomas Hooker founded the State we call Connecticut today.

I can explain what factors

influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form

of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

23

Roger Williams was another settler that disagreed with the

Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Problems in

Massachusetts

Bay

Williams also believed in religious Toleration. Toleration means a

willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. Puritans and

non-Puritans could not practice their religions freely. In 1635,

Williams was ordered by the Massachusetts court to leave the

colony.

31-Williams felt the duty of the church and state should be separate.

He also felt that the Indians should be paid for the land that was

taken from them.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

24

Fearing that he would be sent

back to England, Roger Williams

escaped to Narragansett Bay.

There he made friends with the

Indians and purchased some

land from them.

He allowed complete freedom

of religion , or toleration, for

all Protestants, Jews and

Catholics

32-He later settled in this land he

called Rhode Island.

I can explain what factors influenced the

development of the colonies in the Americas. I

can explain how the colonies influenced a

representative form of government. I can explain

why slavery existed in America.

25

She was put on trial for her religious beliefs. She lost the

trial but became a symbol of religious freedom. Hutchinson

established a settlement on an island that is now a part of

Rhode island today. Hutchinson is remembered as being

the most important and influential woman of the colonies.

Anne Hutchinson Speaks Out

In 1634, Anne Hutchinson, left the Massachusetts Bay

Colony.

33-She held bible readings in her home in Rhode Island.

She criticized the religious beliefs of the Puritans.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the

Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

26

Settling Connecticut

John Wheelright as also forced to leave

Massachusetts because he agreed with some of Anne

Hutchinson’s views.

The king tried to control

New Hampshire but he

was unsuccessful.

Finally in 1680, the King

of England made New

Hampshire a separate

colony.

34-In 1638, Wheelright and

some followers moved to New

Hampshire, where they

founded their own town.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in

the Americas. I can explain how the colonies influenced a representative

form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

27

Growth and Change

Membership to town meetings was restricted to male

heads of households.

Each Puritan town governed itself by setting up town

meetings.

35-A town meeting was an assembly of townspeople

that decided on local issues.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

28

The war lasted about a year. At the end of the war the

colonists captured 1,000 of the Indians and sold them

into slavery in the West Indies. The English people

killed King Philip and expanded their colonies.

Puritans at War With Native Americans

King Philip’s War

36-In 1675, the Wampanoag Indians led my chief

Metacom, also known as King Philip, attacked the

colonists of New England for taking over their land.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

29

Some

Native

Americans

helped the

settlers.

Pocahontas saved

John Smith

Click on the pictures on the left and right to learn more about them.

I can explain what factors influenced the

development of the colonies in the Americas. I

can explain how the colonies influenced a

representative form of government. I can

explain why slavery existed in America.

30

38-The woods were full of deer, hogs and turkeys for hunting. New

Englanders fished in coastal waters for cod and halibut. In the 1600’s

many New Englanders began hunting whales. In the 1700 to1800’s

whaling grew into a big business.

Life in New England Towns and Villages

After some time colonists learned how to grow Native American

crops such as corn, beans and squash.

New England was a difficult land for the colonists.

37-The soil was rocky and poor for farming.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

31

In 1692, Puritans executed 20 men and

women as witches in the Salem village,

Massachusetts.

During the 1600’s, Puritan people were very religious.

They took the Sabbath (Sunday) very seriously. No one

could work or play games on that day. Women had to sit

on the other side of the men in the church.

They saw children as a blessing of God. As a result of

the climate many people reached the age of 70.

Blacks and Indians had to stay in the

back or balcony.

39-Many crimes were punished by the

death penalty. One crime punished by

death was witchcraft.

40-The average Puritan family had 7-8 children.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

32

The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands

along the Hudson River. The colonists traveled

with the Indians and built the settlement of New

Amsterdam. Rich people in New Amsterdam were

granted large parcels of land. One grant was as big

as the State of Rhode Island

3.The Middle Colonies

By the mid-1700’s, England had four colonies in the region of

New England. Because of their location between New England

and the Southern Colonies they were known as the Middle

Colonies. The land in the Middle Colonies was had better

growing conditions. The cash crops grown by the colonists were

sold at a world market.

How did the diverse

Middle Colonies

develop and thrive?

41-Owners of these huge lands or manors were called

patroons. These owners wee allowed to rent the land out.

33

New Amsterdam/ New York

34

New Netherlands Becomes New YorkIn return for the grant, each patroon

promised to settle 50 European families on

the land. Most Dutch colonists were

Protestants but they allowed other religions

to practice their own religion on their land.

In 1664, England and the Netherlands

fought in a war over trade in Europe. War

broke out over trade and the King of

England; King Charles II took over the city

of New Amsterdam. New York

City TodayThe city used to be called New

Amsterdam.

Click on the picture to learn more about New York City.

He gave the land to his brother, the

Duke of York.

New York and New Jersey

42-King Charles II renamed it the colony of New

York after the Duke of York.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

35

The people in charge of this land were called proprietors. The

proprietors were free to divide up their land to others. They were

also free to make up the laws for their land. Many people were

attracted to New Jersey from many lands.

New Jersey

Separates

From New York

44-In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which was a

colony under control of the English crown.

New York was too big for the Duke of York to govern so he decided to

give some of the land to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George

Carteret.

The king gave land to one or more of his people; in turn the owners

could rent the land - These lands were called proprietary colonies

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

36

Pennsylvania and Delaware

At the age of 22 he joined a despised group

called the Quakers. Like Pilgrims and Puritans,

Quakers were protestant reformers.

William Penn, a proprietor or a large tract of land, appealed to King

Charles for help. King Charles made Penn a proprietor of a large tract

of land in North America. He named the new colony Pennsylvania.

Penn wanted equal treatment for all people and religions. People

went to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution. Soon

afterwards the English officials forced Penn to turn away Catholic

and Jewish settlers.

45-William Penn, an Englishman, founded the

colony of Pennsylvania.

To most English people the beliefs of the Quakers were wicked.

Quakers were hanged and arrested for their beliefs.

46-Quakers believed that all people were equal in the eyes of God.

All men, women, nobles and commoners were equal.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

37

Among the new arrivals were large

numbers of German speaking

Protestants. They became known as

the Pennsylvania Dutch. African slaves

were also brought to Pennsylvania.

Settlers in the lower countries did not want to send

delegates to a far away assembly in Philadelphia. In 1704

William Penn allowed the people in the lower countries to

elect their own assembly. Later the lower countries broke

away to form the colony of Delaware. The next slide will

show pictures from Pennsylvania.

47-Penn also called for equal treatment for Native

American Indians and Africans.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

38

Life in the Middle Colonies

Farmers found better growing conditions in the Middle Colonies than in

England. The land of the Hudson and Delaware was great for planting

crops. The land was called the backcountry . The back country was a

frontier region extending through several colonies, from Pennsylvania

to Georgia. The winters in the Middle Colonies were warmer and the

growing season was longer.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

39

Farmers in the middle colonies also raised cattle and pigs. They sent

tons of beef, pork, and butter to ports in New York.

Farmers produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye.

48-These were cash crops, or produce that was sold for money in

the world market.

49-The Middle colonies exported so much grain that they were

called the Breadbasket Colonies.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

40

Skilled German settlers,

encouraged by William

Penn, set up their shops in

Pennsylvania. In time

Pennsylvania became the

center of manufacturing

and crafts.

50-They made hardware,

clocks, watches locks,

glass, stoneware, nails

and paper.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

41

The different groups that settled in the Middle

Colonies had their own favorite way of building

homes. Swedish settlers built log cabins. The

Dutch used red bricks to build their homes.

German settlers developed a wood burning stove

that heated a home better. In the 1700’s, thousands

of German and Scottish-Irish settlers arrived in

Philadelphia’s booming port. From Philadelphia

they headed west into the backcountry, the area of

land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian

Mountains.

The Back Country

To farm settlers had to clear thick forests. From Indians,

settlers learned how to make candles from pine trees to

light their homes. They made dishes from wooden logs and

hunted wild animals for food. Many settlers that arrived in

the backcountry alarmed the Indians. Disputes between the

Indians and settlers occurred very often.

51-Settlers followed the old Iroquois trail. This trail

became known as the Great Wagon Road.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

42

They called this boundary the Mason-Dixon Line. Below the

Mason Dixon Line, the Southern Colonies developed their own

way of life different from the other English Colonies.

Do not

cross

my

line!

4.The Southern ColoniesHow did the diverse

Middle Colonies

develop and thrive?

In 1763 to Englishmen, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began to look

over the 244-mile boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania (or between

the Southern and Middle colonies.)

52-They carefully laid two stone markers at the borders of the

two colonies (Maryland and Pennsylvania.)

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I

can explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can

explain why slavery existed in America.

43

Many people had settled in Virginia. They were lured there because

of the promise of the profits from tobacco. Wealthy planters took the

best land near the coast. Newcomers had to move inland near the

Indians. Indians and settlers had many clashes and wars over the

land. The Governor would not take action against the Indians.

Bacon’s Rebellion

He led a revolt against the Native American villages. Then he burned

down Jamestown. This uprising became known as Bacon’s Rebellion.

The government stopped Bacon and his followers. Twenty-three of

Bacon’s follows were hanged. Bacon was killed in a revolt.

53-Finally, in 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter, organized

some angry men and women against the Indians.

I can explain what factors

influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form of

government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

44

54-He planned to build a colony called Maryland, where

Catholics could practice their religion freely. When Sir George

died his son, Lord Baltimore pushed on with his dad’s project.

Lord Baltimore’s Maryland

In the spring of 1634, two hundred colonists landed in the

Chesapeake Bay, across from England’s first southern

colony. Maryland was truly a land of plenty. Chesapeake Bay

was full of fish, oysters and crabs. Across the bay Virginians

were already growing tobacco for profit.

Lord Baltimore welcomed Catholics and Protestants to the colony. In

1649, he asked the people to pass an Act of Toleration.

In 1632, Sir George Calvert convinced King Charles I to grant

him land for a colony in the Americas. Calvert was Protestant

but he changed his beliefs to the Catholic Religion.

He gave out generous land grants to encourage people to settle in

Maryland.

55-Lord Baltimore was appointed the Governor of Maryland.

56-The act provided religious freedom for all Christians. This

freedom did not extend to Jewish people.

45

The issue of slavery led to the differences between the two areas.

They could not settle their differences so they separated into 2

different settlements called North and South Carolina. Slave codes

were set up. Slave Codes were laws the slaves had to follow.

Slave house in South

Carolina 1860

The Carolinas

In the North of the Carolinas settlers were poor

tobacco farmers. In the South, a group of eight rich

nobles set up a larger colony.

Before long, Carolina Rice became a valuable

crop traded around the world. The planters also

grew indigo, a plant used to make valuable blue

dye. The farmers needed large numbers of

workers to grow rice and grow indigo. They tried

to enslave the Indians to do the work but they died

of diseases or mistreatment. Planters turned to

slaves from Africa. By 1700, most people coming

to Carolina were African men and women brought

against their will. The North part of Carolina did

not have slaves. The South part did have slaves.

57-South of Virginia and Maryland, English

colonists settled in a region called the Carolinas.

58-In 1685, a few planters discovered that rice grew

well in the lowly swamplands along the coast.

46

He wanted Georgia to be a place where people

were jailed for debts in England could find a new

life. People that owed money were called

debtors. Under English law, if you owed money,

you were a debtor, and did not “pay up” you

could be placed in jail. In 1733 Oglethorpe and

120 colonists built the colonies first settlement

named the Savannah.

Georgia: A Haven for Debtors

He forbid slavery and did not allow very large farms. He attracted

the poor people to settle in his lands. Soon afterwards, Oglethorpe

changed his rules. He allowed large plantations and slavery.

Slavery grew very rapidly in Georgia on the plantations.

The last colony was carved out of the southern part of

South Carolina.

59-James Oglethorpe, a respected solider, founded

Georgia in 1732.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

47

5. Spanish Colonies on

the Borderlands

The Spanish wanted to weaken English control on the colonies. They

would be given land if they helped protect the Spanish. By the 1700’d

hundreds of enslaved Africans escaped to Florida.

How did the Spanish

establish colonies on

the borderlands?

The Spanish wanted to weaken English control on the colonies. They

would be given land if they helped protect the Spanish. By the 1700’s

hundreds of enslaved Africans escaped to Florida.

60-In 1693 the Spanish colonies offered freedom to enslaved

Africans that escaped to Florida.

61-In 1693 the Spanish colonies offered freedom to enslaved

Africans that escaped to Florida.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.

48

The most important Spanish colonies were in Mexico and South

America. Its territories north of Mexico were called borderlands,

meaning lands along the frontier.

Settling the Spanish Borderlands

Juan de Onate in New Mexico

He aimed to find gold, convert the Native

Americans to Christianity, and establish a

permanent colony. Ornate never found gold

but he set up a colony he called Santa Fe.

62-The main function of the Spanish borderlands was to protect

Mexico from other European powers.

63-In 1598 Juan de Onate led a

Spanish expedition into New

Mexico.

I can explain what factors influenced the

development of the colonies in the Americas. I

can explain how the colonies influenced a

representative form of government. I can explain

why slavery existed in America.

49

Roman Catholic missionaries set up churches on the Spanish

borderlands. Junipero Serra set up a mission that later became

the city of San Diego. Soon after wards he established a mission

in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angles. He founded 20

missions in California between 1769 and 1800.

65-The Spanish also set up civilian towns they called pueblos.

presidio pueblo

64-Along with missions, Spain set up military outposts or forts

called presidios.

I can explain what factors influenced the development of the colonies in the Americas. I can explain how the

colonies influenced a representative form of government. I can explain why slavery existed in America.

50

66-They were

severely

punished if they

failed to follow

the rules. They

farmed and built

churches.

The Spanish used

the Native

Americans to labor

on the missions.

I can explain what factors influenced the

development of the colonies in the Americas.

I can explain how the colonies influenced a

representative form of government. I can

explain why slavery existed in America.

51

1. What factors influenced the development of the colonies

in the Americas? Explain your answer. (Hint: Virginia Company, Jamestown, Pilgrims, & Puritans)

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

2. What is a representative form of government? Why did

some colonies govern by electing representatives?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

3. Why did the institution of slavery develop in America?

How has slavery impacted our modern society and its beliefs?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

_____________________________________________

52

I can explain what factors

influenced the development of the

colonies in the Americas. I can

explain how the colonies

influenced a representative form

of government. I can explain why

slavery existed in America.