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Chapter 3 - Matter 1. Diagram 1 shows pictures of three different states of matter.

Ice water hydrogen

Diagram 1

( a ) ( i ) Match the pictures in Diagram 1 with their arrangement of particles.

( 3 marks )

Picture Arrangement of particles

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( ii ) Which picture in Diagram 1 has a fixed shape and a fixed volume ? _____________________________________________________ [ 1 mark ]

( b ) Diagram 1.1 shows pictures of the three states of matter.

Air

Diagram 1.1

( i ) Label the state of matter in the spaces provided on Diagram 1.1 by using the

following words.

( 3 marks )

( ii ) What is the difference between matter P and R ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

.…………………………………………………………………………………………..

( 1 mark )

water

P Q R

Solid Liquid Gas

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2. Diagram 2 shows pictures of three states of matter.

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3

______________________

______________________

______________________

Diagram 2

( a ) On Diagram 2, label the states of matter for each picture using the following words.

( 3 marks )

( b ) Based on Pictures 1 , 2 and 3, draw diagrams to show the arrangement of the particles in each state of matter. Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3

( 2 marks )

( c ) State one property to differentiate between the states of matter. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

( 1 mark )

candle

water air

Solid Liquid Gas

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows the arrangement of particles in three different states of matter.

Diagram 3.1

(a) Name the three states of matter P,Q and R in Diagram 3.1 P: …………………………………………………………….

Q: …………………………………………………………….

R : ………………………………………………………….. ( 3 marks )

( b) ( i ) Give one example for matter P .

………………………………………………………………………………..

( 1 mark ) ( ii ) Give a reason for your answer in (b ) i .

…………………………………………………………………………………. ( 1 mark )

( c) What is the difference between matter Q and R ? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark )

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4. Diagram

4.1 shows three sets of apparatus P, Q and R used in an

experiments to study the movement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas.

Table 4.1 shows the results of the experiments.

Diagram 4.1

Experiment Observations Time taken P The whole gel turns

purple in colour. 2 days

Q The water turns purple in colour.

2 hours

R Both gas jars are filled with smoke.

5 minutes

Table 4.1 ( a ) i. In which experiment does the movement of particles occur the

slowest?

………………………………………………………………………. (1 mark) ii. Arrange the three sets, P, Q and R in the order of the movement

of particles, from the fastest to the slowest.

(1 mark)

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( b ) In experiment R, the smoke rises to the top of the gas jar after a few

minutes.

Why do smoke particles move so quickly in air?

……..……………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

( c) A student realizes that there is a gas leakage in the laboratory.

i. How would he identify that the gas is leaking? …………………………………………………………………………….

(1 mark) ii. State two actions that the student needs to take before he reports

about the leakage to his science teacher?

……………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the densities of three solids J , K , L and two liquids P and Q

12. 9 g cm ³ 0.35 g cm ³ 1.2 g cm ³ P Q

1.9 g cm ³ 0.9 g cm ³

Diagram 5.1

( a ) Arrange the solids and liquids in Diagram 4. 1 in sequence of ascending order based on their densities. ( b ) Solids J , K , L and liquids P and Q are placed in a measuring cylinder . In

Diagram 5.2 , label the positions of the solids and the liquids in the cylinder.

( 3 marks )

J K L

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( c ) Solids N has density of 23.2 g cm . State the position of solid N when it is put into the cylinder in Diagram 5.2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………. ( 1 mark )

( d ) Using the concept of density, state two examples of application the density in our daily life.

i. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

ii. …………………………………………………………………………………….

( 2 marks )

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6. Diagram 6.1 below shows three objects of various densities placed in the liquids of various densities.

Diagram 6.1

( a ) Arrange the objects and liquids in descending order of density. …………………………………………………………………………. (1 mark ) ( b ) What possible liquids can U and T be? R: ………………………………………………………………………………… P: ………………………………………………………………………………… ( 2 marks ) ( c ) What possible objects can P and R be ? P: …………………………………………………………………………………. R: …………………………………………………………………………………..

( 2 marks ) ( d ) State two examples of transportation that uses the principle of density of

matter.

i. …………………………………… ii ………………………………………. ( 2 marks )

P

Q

R

T

U

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7. Table 7.1 shows several substances with different densities.

Material Density (g/cm³) Cork 0.25 Glass 2.6 Gold 19 Teak wood 0.85 Lead 11.4 Copper 8.9 Polystyrene 0.02 Water 1.0

Table 7.1 ( a ) Classify the substances based on whether it’s sinks or float in the

water.

( b ) Diagram 7.2 shows an experiment carried out to determine the density of the cork and the stone.

Sinks in the water Floats on the water 1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.

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Diagram 7.2 i Name the method used …………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark) ii State whether the shape of the stone is regular or irregular …………………………………………………………………… ( 1 mark ) ( c ) Based on diagram 7.2 ,calculate the volume of the…

i. stone :

Example: 65cm³ - 45 cm³ = 20 cm³

ii. cork :

(1 mark)

( d )

Given : Mass of stone =30 gram Mass of cork =1.20gram

Find the density of stone and cork. Use the following formula

i. Stone :

( 2 marks) ii. Cork :

(2 marks)

Density = mass volume

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8. Table 8.1 shows the densities of some substances.

Substance Density(g cm³)

Solid X 2.6

Solid Y 0.95

Liquid P 0.7

Liquid Q 1.0

Table 8.1

Substances P, Q , X and Y are placed together in a gas jar as shown in diagram

8.2. Liquid P and liquid Q do not mix.

Diagram 8.2

( a ) Draw and label the position of the substances P,Q,X and Y in the gas jar in

diagram 8.2 after they have arranged themselves according to their

densities.

( 4 marks)

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( b ) Diagram 8.3 shows solids P , Q and R in a gas jar containing liquid Y do

not mix.

Diagram 8.3

i. Compare the densities of the substances

Q and X :………………………………………………………………………

P and R :………………………………………………………………………

X and Y :………………………………………………………………………

P and X :………………………………………………………………………

( 2 marks)

( c ) An object of volume 100 cm³ has a mass of 260g.

Determine whether the object will sink or float in a liquid of density 13.6g cm³.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

( 1 mark )

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9. Diagram 9 shows an experiment carried out to determine the density of a stone,

with a mass of 21 g.

measuring

cylinder

water10 ml

stone

20 ml

thread

Diagram 9

(a) Define the density of an object.

………………………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)

(b) i. Find the volume of the stone.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

ii. Calculate the density of the stone.

( 2 marks )

( c ) Name the method used in determining the density of the stone above. …………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

( d ) Suggest a precaution that must be taken during the experiment. ………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

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10. Diagram 10 shows an experiment to determine the density of sugar solution.

Diagram 10 ( a ) What is meant by density? …..………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)

( b ) Based on the information in Diagram 3, calculate the mass of sugar solution used.

………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

( c ) i. Calculate the density of sugar solution.

(2 marks)

ii. Suggest one way to increase the density of sugar solution. …………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark) ( d ) What happens to an eraser if it is dropped into the beaker of sugar solution above?

(Density of eraser = 3.30 g/cm3 ) ………………………………………………………………………….

(1 mark)

Empty beaker

mass= 15g

Beaker with

30 cm3 of sugar solution

mass= 100g

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11. Diagram 11 shows five object U,V,W.X and Y U V X W Y

Diagram 11 Observe the object in diagram 11.

(a ) Based on your observation. State the form of matter of any four of objects.

U: ……………………………………………………………………….

V: ……………………………………………………………………….

W: ……………………………………………………………………….

X:: ………………………………………………………………………

Y : ………………………………………………………………………

( 4 marks)

Fizzy drink

hydrogen

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b. Classify the object U, V, W.X and Y into three groups based on form of

matter. Name the objects belonging to each group.

. ( 4 marks )

U, V, X, W and Y

Form of matter

Examples