CHAPTER 3 – LOCATING CHAPTER 3 – LOCATING PLACES ON A MAPPLACES ON A MAP

Cities

Pin point places in google maps

CHAPTER 3-Locating Places on a CHAPTER 3-Locating Places on a MapMap

Compass Points and Bearings

Compass Points

North, East, South and West

Combinations of above (i.e. WSW)

Remember: “Remember: “Never ever Eat at Saltalt Water” for the ater” for the proper orderproper order

Compass Bearings

In degrees going clockwise from 00 to 3600

900

00

450

1800

2700

22501350

3150

3600

Compasses do not always point to the north poleCompasses do not always point to the north pole They point to magnetic northThey point to magnetic north This point moves over time and to make compasses accurate you need to This point moves over time and to make compasses accurate you need to

adjust declinationadjust declination

Movement of the Magnetic Movement of the Magnetic North PoleNorth Pole

Magnetic DeclinationMagnetic Declination

The angle (at a particular location) The angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and truebetween magnetic north and true

Needs to be adjusted on manual Needs to be adjusted on manual compassescompasses

To compensate for the discrepancy To compensate for the discrepancy between true north (the pole) and between true north (the pole) and magnetic northmagnetic north

Grid ReferencesGrid References

May contain a May contain a number and letter number and letter to indicate a to indicate a corresponding corresponding place on the map place on the map for referencefor reference

May use just May use just numbersnumbers

Often uses actual Often uses actual degrees East and degrees East and NorthNorth

Grid ReferencesGrid References What is the grid What is the grid

reference for: reference for: Doritos?Doritos?

Answer = B5Answer = B5 Ice Cream?Ice Cream? Answer = D1Answer = D1 Classic Coke?Classic Coke? Answer = C3Answer = C3 Pizza Hut?Pizza Hut? Answer = E5Answer = E5 Tootsie Roll?Tootsie Roll? Answer = A3Answer = A3

Mapping SymbolsMapping Symbols

Legends will differ depending on the purpose of Legends will differ depending on the purpose of the mapthe map

The color blue should always be reserved for The color blue should always be reserved for waterwater

Eastings and NorthingsEastings and Northings Four-figure grid referenceFour-figure grid reference is calculated is calculated

by listing the eastings and northingsby listing the eastings and northings Always list eastings before northings Always list eastings before northings

(alphabetical order)(alphabetical order) This gives you a simple four digit locationThis gives you a simple four digit location

Eastings and NorthingsEastings and Northings

Six-figure grid Six-figure grid referencereference is more is more accurateaccurate

This system further This system further breaks down each breaks down each grid into tenthsgrid into tenths

This requires some This requires some calculation by the calculation by the researcherresearcher

What is the six-What is the six-figure reference of figure reference of Y?Y?

Y = 220520Y = 220520 What is the What is the

location of X?location of X? X = 230526X = 230526 What is the What is the

location of B?location of B? B = 235510B = 235510

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude form a grid around form a grid around the earth which we can use to give specific the earth which we can use to give specific directions. They measure angular directions. They measure angular distanced from of places north or south of distanced from of places north or south of the equator (latitude) and they measure the equator (latitude) and they measure angular distances east and west of the angular distances east and west of the prime meridian (longitude).prime meridian (longitude).

These grid co-ordinates are the foundation These grid co-ordinates are the foundation for finding for finding absolute locationabsolute location

Finding your way around a mapFinding your way around a map LatitudeLatitude: imaginary horizontal lines : imaginary horizontal lines

showing positions, measured in degrees, showing positions, measured in degrees, north and south of the Equatornorth and south of the Equator

LongitudeLongitude: imaginary vertical lines drawn : imaginary vertical lines drawn between the poles showing positions, between the poles showing positions, measured in degrees, minutes, and measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds east and west from the seconds east and west from the Prime Prime MeridianMeridian

EquatorEquator: the 0: the 000 line of latitude that line of latitude that circles the earth from west to eastcircles the earth from west to east

Prime MeridianPrime Meridian: the 0: the 000 line of longitude line of longitude that circles the earth from north to souththat circles the earth from north to south

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

Prime MeridianPrime Meridian is also called is also called the the Greenwich LineGreenwich Line

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

Latitude and Longitude when used Latitude and Longitude when used together are called together are called co-ordinates co-ordinates

In the back of each atlasIn the back of each atlas you will find you will find a a gazetteer (Canada first and gazetteer (Canada first and then the World)then the World)

The The gazetteergazetteer can be used along can be used along with with co-ordinatesco-ordinates to find the to find the location of a place on the maplocation of a place on the map

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

Absolute locationAbsolute location is the name is the name given to a location based on co-given to a location based on co-ordinates (Ottawa is 45ordinates (Ottawa is 4500 24’N 75 24’N 7500 38’W)38’W)

Relative locationRelative location is the location of is the location of a place based on its proximity to a place based on its proximity to another fixed point (next to the car another fixed point (next to the car wash)wash)

Longitude (Meridians)Longitude (Meridians)

Longitude Longitude (Meridians)(Meridians)

North – SouthNorth – South 0000 = Prime Meridian = Prime Meridian

(Greenwich Line)(Greenwich Line) International Date Line International Date Line

18018000

LatitudeLatitudeLatitude (Parallels)Latitude (Parallels)East – WestEast – West

0000 = Equator = Equator909000 N = North Pole N = North Pole23.523.500 N = Tropic of N = Tropic of CancerCancer66.566.500 N = Arctic N = Arctic CircleCircle

Tropics of Cancer and CapricornTropics of Cancer and Capricorn

Tropics are the farthest lines of latitude Tropics are the farthest lines of latitude north and south that the sun can be north and south that the sun can be directly over that line on June the 21directly over that line on June the 21stst in in the north (Cancer) and December 21the north (Cancer) and December 21stst in in the south (Capricorn)the south (Capricorn)

Arctic and Antarctic Circles: On June 21Arctic and Antarctic Circles: On June 21stst all areas north of the Arctic have 24 hours all areas north of the Arctic have 24 hours of daylight and on December 21of daylight and on December 21stst south of south of the Antarctic Circle all areas have 24 hours the Antarctic Circle all areas have 24 hours of sunlight.of sunlight.

Latitude & LongitudeLatitude & Longitude

degrees of latitude are 111 km apart so degrees of latitude are 111 km apart so we have subdivided these spaces further we have subdivided these spaces further into minutes in order to more accurately into minutes in order to more accurately pinpoint locationspinpoint locations

Using Ottawa as an example again, it is Using Ottawa as an example again, it is located at 45 24N 75 38W. (It can also be located at 45 24N 75 38W. (It can also be written as 45written as 4500 24’ N 75 24’ N 7500 38’ W.) The first 38’ W.) The first number is in degrees the second is in number is in degrees the second is in minutes. To locate a point accurately minutes. To locate a point accurately there is often a third number (seconds) there is often a third number (seconds) shown as 23”… 45shown as 23”… 4500 24’ 22” N 24’ 22” N

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

LatitudeLatitude indicated by N or S indicated by N or S LongitudeLongitude indicated by E or W indicated by E or W

HEMISPHERSHEMISPHERS

Western Hemisphere Eastern

Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere

Equator

Prim

e M

erid

ian

The world is divided up into 24 time zonesThe world is divided up into 24 time zones The 0’ line runs through Greenwich EnglandThe 0’ line runs through Greenwich England The International Dateline runs through the Pacific The International Dateline runs through the Pacific

Ocean (when you cross this line you change the day)Ocean (when you cross this line you change the day)

Time ZonesTime Zones Time zone: a division of the earths surface, Time zone: a division of the earths surface,

usually extending across 15’ longitude, usually extending across 15’ longitude, that establishes a uniform timethat establishes a uniform time

Proposed by Canadian railway planner Sir Proposed by Canadian railway planner Sir Sandford Fleming in the late 1870’sSandford Fleming in the late 1870’s

Before ‘standard time’ people set their Before ‘standard time’ people set their clock by the sun (high noon)clock by the sun (high noon)

Time zones are later as you move east, Time zones are later as you move east, earlier as you move westearlier as you move west

In Canada there are 6 time zonesIn Canada there are 6 time zones

Canadian Time ZonesCanadian Time ZonesWest to EastWest to East

Pacific Standard Time (PST) 12:00Pacific Standard Time (PST) 12:00 Mountain Standard Time (MST) 1:00Mountain Standard Time (MST) 1:00 Central Standard Time (CST) 2:00Central Standard Time (CST) 2:00 Eastern Standard Time (EST) 3:00Eastern Standard Time (EST) 3:00 Atlantic Standard Time (AST) 4:00Atlantic Standard Time (AST) 4:00 Newfoundland Standard Time (NST)Newfoundland Standard Time (NST)

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